Abstract The association of mankind and diseases is an eternal process since ages, and perhaps th... more Abstract The association of mankind and diseases is an eternal process since ages, and perhaps this facilitated the creation of numerous discoveries aimed at the well-being of humans. The oral route of drug administration is considered to be the oldest and convenient drug-delivery route. Nevertheless, several molecules have associated side effects with this mode of drug delivery. The first-pass metabolism has been ascribed as a major responsible factor for the poor bioavailability of drugs administered orally. The transdermal mode of drug transport salvages the administered drug moieties from first-pass metabolism, and at the same time, patients get the relief from side effects of drugs including gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. The evolution of this technique dates back to the beginning of human civilizations in South Africa followed by Egypt and China. A few of medicated plasters have got a place in pharmacopeias too. This chapter is an endeavor to exhaustively cover diverse aspects of transdermal drug delivery such as general principles, formulation, mathematical modeling, evaluation, clinical aspects, and regulatory status of marketed products.
Developing New Functional Food and Nutraceutical Products, 2017
Nutraceuticals are a unique product category with various synonyms that are used internationally.... more Nutraceuticals are a unique product category with various synonyms that are used internationally. Nutraceuticals create an open environment for new products that promise novel solutions to health-related issues. Nutraceuticals will play an important role in future therapeutic developments. Medicinal plant research should be focused on to produce useful healthcare products (phytomedicines/nutraceuticals/food supplements/conventional drugs) from medicinal and food plants for human welfare. Nutrients in the form of small solids or droplets improve bioavailability. However, there remain numerous barriers to successful implementation of cost-effective manufacturing processes. These challenges are addressed in the work presented here with particular focus on stability, bioavailability, and consumer acceptance. In this chapter we discuss nutraceutical formulations and challenges and stability and safety evaluation in brief.
Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice
Healthy nutrition is important for human beings for good health provided by global industry. Nutr... more Healthy nutrition is important for human beings for good health provided by global industry. Nutraceutical and functional food provide a prospect to reduce health care costs and improve the human health. Researchers carried out plenty of work for the preparation of nutraceutical and functional food product. This article also focused on recent advances on the nutraceutical and functional foods product on health benefits and their application in prevention of disease. Here we discussed about the health benefit of recently introduced nutraceutical and functional food products. With the modernised, competitive lifestyle and ever increasing stressful conditions this product is the need of the day.
The recent era is witnessing evaluation of medicinal and nutritional value of fruits and fruit ju... more The recent era is witnessing evaluation of medicinal and nutritional value of fruits and fruit juices for the management and prevention of brain diseases like headache stress, anxiety, hypertension, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases by the scientists and researchers worldwide. Fruits possess various chemicals such as antioxidants and polyphenols, which reduce and balance the effect of hormone in brain responsible for brain disease. Natural remedy is cheap, easily available, nontoxic, and easy to prepare and provides good mental health as compared to other remedies. The main objective of this review is to acknowledge medicinal benefits of fruits for the cognition and management of brain disease.
Abstract: Radiation-induced skin changes and associated hair loss are severe complications of rad... more Abstract: Radiation-induced skin changes and associated hair loss are severe complications of radiotherapy. The damage is caused by a photon, electron, proton, neutron, or ion beam directly or indirectly ionizing the atoms which make up the DNA chain. Indirect ionization happens as a result of the ionization of water, forming free radicals, notably hydroxyl radicals, which then damage the DNA. The present study is to evaluate the effect of Tamarindus indica and its polyherbal formulation on radiation induced alopecia. Keywords: Alopecia, Tamarindus Indica, Curcuma longa.
India is emerging as a global hub for clinical research. According to projections from McKinsey &... more India is emerging as a global hub for clinical research. According to projections from McKinsey & Company, the Indian clinical research industry could attract US $1.5 billion of revenue from U.S. and European sponsors by 2010, creating a demand for more than 10,000 investigators trained in good clinical practice (GCP) and supported by nearly 50,000 clinical research professionals. The revenue expected to be reaching US $ 20 billion in India till 2015.With increased outsourcing from the U.S. and Europe to India, global pharmaceutical companies and Indian entrepreneurs have set up contract research organizations (CROs) in India. They are attracting highly competent professionals, both in the clinical research profession and the knowledge process outsourcing sector.
The goal of present study was to determine the effect of different process variables on the prepa... more The goal of present study was to determine the effect of different process variables on the preparation of baclofen vesicles (Niosomes). The following variables such as drug, amount and type of surfactant, cholesterol content, method of preparation and resistance to osmotic stress are checked and results that vesicle size increases on entrapment of drug. Effect of amount and type of surfactant shows niosome size directly proportional to the HLB value of the surfactants. On increasing the cholesterol content of bilayer shows decrease rate of release of encapsulated material. Methods of preparation can also affect and produce different sized niosomes when prepared by different methods. Osmotic effect of niosomes in hypertonic media produces Shrinked type of niosomes whereas in hypotonic media niosomes are Swells or burst type. 6 ml hydration medium and 4 h hydration time for maximum % drug entrapment that is 87.90±0.18 % and 94.81±0.56 % respectively.
Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (or niosomes) are now widely studied as alternates to liposomes. An... more Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (or niosomes) are now widely studied as alternates to liposomes. An increasing number of non-ionic surfactant has been found to form vesicles, capable of entrapping hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Drug delivery system using colloidal particulate carrier such as liposomes or niosomes has distinct advantages over conventional dosage forms because the particles can act as drug containing reservoirs. Modification of the particle composition or surface can adjust the affinity for the target site and/or the drug release rate. Niosomes proved to be a promising drug carrier and has potential to reduce the side effects of drugs and increased therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases.
The present study describes formulation of vitamin E acetate (VEA) loaded liposomes comprising Co... more The present study describes formulation of vitamin E acetate (VEA) loaded liposomes comprising Coatsome MC-6081 (POPC), cholesterol and stearic acid by ethanol injection method. The liposomal formulations were characterized for size and surface morphology, zeta potential measurements, % entrapment efficiency, rheo-logical studies, drug disposition studies on excised skin of albino rats using Franz diffusion and cell antioxidant studies. The formulations were optimized applying 32 factorial design. Liposomal dispersion prepared by this method was found to increase the skin deposition of vitamin E acetate as compared to drug dispersion, conventional marketed preparation. Thus the prepared liposomes have potential application in cosmetics as well as in transdermal, mucosal, parenteral, etc. delivery systems. Keywords: Vesicular carriers, Drug disposition studies, Factorial design.
The present work was aimed to study the influence of garlic extract on lipid profile upon simulta... more The present work was aimed to study the influence of garlic extract on lipid profile upon simultaneous intake of ezetimibe. The dried and ground bulbs of Allium sativum were subjected to extraction with alcohol using a Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. The obtained garlic alcoholic extract was suspended in distilled water and administered orally to Swiss albino rats (fructose induced hyperlipidemia) through oral feeding tube till a period of 7 days. Similarly, ezetimibe suspension and vehicle (control) were administered. Thereafter the sampling of blood from animal was performed and the serum was analyzed for lipid profile. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD and “t” test was applied to determine statistical significance of results (p<0.05 and p<0.01). It was observed that the combination of ezetimibe with garlic extract resulted in lowering of serum total body cholesterol from 103.7±0.92 mg/dl to 90.5±0.27mg/dl, triglycerides from 52.4±0.21 mg/dl to 36.8±1.2 mg/dl, LDL-cholest...
Niosomes have been reported as a possible approach to improve the low skin penetration and bioava... more Niosomes have been reported as a possible approach to improve the low skin penetration and bioavailability characteristics shown by conventional topical vehicle for Baclofen (centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant). Niosomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method using non ionic surfactant (Span 20) and cholesterol in varying molar ratios such as 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The prepared systems were characterized for vesicle surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, Osmotic fragility and stability studies. The in vitro drug release behavior was determined by an in-house fabricated dissolution-dialysis apparatus. The skeletal muscle relaxant activity was determined by rota rod method using Swiss albino mice. The average particle size of niosomes was in the range of 3260-3810 nm. The maximum percent drug entrapment was observed with span 20 (89.67 ± 0.46 %). Furthermore, the release profile of baclofen from these niosomes was 68.15 ± 1.7 % (maximum). The formulations kept for stabilit...
Abstract The association of mankind and diseases is an eternal process since ages, and perhaps th... more Abstract The association of mankind and diseases is an eternal process since ages, and perhaps this facilitated the creation of numerous discoveries aimed at the well-being of humans. The oral route of drug administration is considered to be the oldest and convenient drug-delivery route. Nevertheless, several molecules have associated side effects with this mode of drug delivery. The first-pass metabolism has been ascribed as a major responsible factor for the poor bioavailability of drugs administered orally. The transdermal mode of drug transport salvages the administered drug moieties from first-pass metabolism, and at the same time, patients get the relief from side effects of drugs including gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. The evolution of this technique dates back to the beginning of human civilizations in South Africa followed by Egypt and China. A few of medicated plasters have got a place in pharmacopeias too. This chapter is an endeavor to exhaustively cover diverse aspects of transdermal drug delivery such as general principles, formulation, mathematical modeling, evaluation, clinical aspects, and regulatory status of marketed products.
Developing New Functional Food and Nutraceutical Products, 2017
Nutraceuticals are a unique product category with various synonyms that are used internationally.... more Nutraceuticals are a unique product category with various synonyms that are used internationally. Nutraceuticals create an open environment for new products that promise novel solutions to health-related issues. Nutraceuticals will play an important role in future therapeutic developments. Medicinal plant research should be focused on to produce useful healthcare products (phytomedicines/nutraceuticals/food supplements/conventional drugs) from medicinal and food plants for human welfare. Nutrients in the form of small solids or droplets improve bioavailability. However, there remain numerous barriers to successful implementation of cost-effective manufacturing processes. These challenges are addressed in the work presented here with particular focus on stability, bioavailability, and consumer acceptance. In this chapter we discuss nutraceutical formulations and challenges and stability and safety evaluation in brief.
Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice
Healthy nutrition is important for human beings for good health provided by global industry. Nutr... more Healthy nutrition is important for human beings for good health provided by global industry. Nutraceutical and functional food provide a prospect to reduce health care costs and improve the human health. Researchers carried out plenty of work for the preparation of nutraceutical and functional food product. This article also focused on recent advances on the nutraceutical and functional foods product on health benefits and their application in prevention of disease. Here we discussed about the health benefit of recently introduced nutraceutical and functional food products. With the modernised, competitive lifestyle and ever increasing stressful conditions this product is the need of the day.
The recent era is witnessing evaluation of medicinal and nutritional value of fruits and fruit ju... more The recent era is witnessing evaluation of medicinal and nutritional value of fruits and fruit juices for the management and prevention of brain diseases like headache stress, anxiety, hypertension, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases by the scientists and researchers worldwide. Fruits possess various chemicals such as antioxidants and polyphenols, which reduce and balance the effect of hormone in brain responsible for brain disease. Natural remedy is cheap, easily available, nontoxic, and easy to prepare and provides good mental health as compared to other remedies. The main objective of this review is to acknowledge medicinal benefits of fruits for the cognition and management of brain disease.
Abstract: Radiation-induced skin changes and associated hair loss are severe complications of rad... more Abstract: Radiation-induced skin changes and associated hair loss are severe complications of radiotherapy. The damage is caused by a photon, electron, proton, neutron, or ion beam directly or indirectly ionizing the atoms which make up the DNA chain. Indirect ionization happens as a result of the ionization of water, forming free radicals, notably hydroxyl radicals, which then damage the DNA. The present study is to evaluate the effect of Tamarindus indica and its polyherbal formulation on radiation induced alopecia. Keywords: Alopecia, Tamarindus Indica, Curcuma longa.
India is emerging as a global hub for clinical research. According to projections from McKinsey &... more India is emerging as a global hub for clinical research. According to projections from McKinsey & Company, the Indian clinical research industry could attract US $1.5 billion of revenue from U.S. and European sponsors by 2010, creating a demand for more than 10,000 investigators trained in good clinical practice (GCP) and supported by nearly 50,000 clinical research professionals. The revenue expected to be reaching US $ 20 billion in India till 2015.With increased outsourcing from the U.S. and Europe to India, global pharmaceutical companies and Indian entrepreneurs have set up contract research organizations (CROs) in India. They are attracting highly competent professionals, both in the clinical research profession and the knowledge process outsourcing sector.
The goal of present study was to determine the effect of different process variables on the prepa... more The goal of present study was to determine the effect of different process variables on the preparation of baclofen vesicles (Niosomes). The following variables such as drug, amount and type of surfactant, cholesterol content, method of preparation and resistance to osmotic stress are checked and results that vesicle size increases on entrapment of drug. Effect of amount and type of surfactant shows niosome size directly proportional to the HLB value of the surfactants. On increasing the cholesterol content of bilayer shows decrease rate of release of encapsulated material. Methods of preparation can also affect and produce different sized niosomes when prepared by different methods. Osmotic effect of niosomes in hypertonic media produces Shrinked type of niosomes whereas in hypotonic media niosomes are Swells or burst type. 6 ml hydration medium and 4 h hydration time for maximum % drug entrapment that is 87.90±0.18 % and 94.81±0.56 % respectively.
Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (or niosomes) are now widely studied as alternates to liposomes. An... more Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (or niosomes) are now widely studied as alternates to liposomes. An increasing number of non-ionic surfactant has been found to form vesicles, capable of entrapping hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Drug delivery system using colloidal particulate carrier such as liposomes or niosomes has distinct advantages over conventional dosage forms because the particles can act as drug containing reservoirs. Modification of the particle composition or surface can adjust the affinity for the target site and/or the drug release rate. Niosomes proved to be a promising drug carrier and has potential to reduce the side effects of drugs and increased therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases.
The present study describes formulation of vitamin E acetate (VEA) loaded liposomes comprising Co... more The present study describes formulation of vitamin E acetate (VEA) loaded liposomes comprising Coatsome MC-6081 (POPC), cholesterol and stearic acid by ethanol injection method. The liposomal formulations were characterized for size and surface morphology, zeta potential measurements, % entrapment efficiency, rheo-logical studies, drug disposition studies on excised skin of albino rats using Franz diffusion and cell antioxidant studies. The formulations were optimized applying 32 factorial design. Liposomal dispersion prepared by this method was found to increase the skin deposition of vitamin E acetate as compared to drug dispersion, conventional marketed preparation. Thus the prepared liposomes have potential application in cosmetics as well as in transdermal, mucosal, parenteral, etc. delivery systems. Keywords: Vesicular carriers, Drug disposition studies, Factorial design.
The present work was aimed to study the influence of garlic extract on lipid profile upon simulta... more The present work was aimed to study the influence of garlic extract on lipid profile upon simultaneous intake of ezetimibe. The dried and ground bulbs of Allium sativum were subjected to extraction with alcohol using a Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. The obtained garlic alcoholic extract was suspended in distilled water and administered orally to Swiss albino rats (fructose induced hyperlipidemia) through oral feeding tube till a period of 7 days. Similarly, ezetimibe suspension and vehicle (control) were administered. Thereafter the sampling of blood from animal was performed and the serum was analyzed for lipid profile. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD and “t” test was applied to determine statistical significance of results (p<0.05 and p<0.01). It was observed that the combination of ezetimibe with garlic extract resulted in lowering of serum total body cholesterol from 103.7±0.92 mg/dl to 90.5±0.27mg/dl, triglycerides from 52.4±0.21 mg/dl to 36.8±1.2 mg/dl, LDL-cholest...
Niosomes have been reported as a possible approach to improve the low skin penetration and bioava... more Niosomes have been reported as a possible approach to improve the low skin penetration and bioavailability characteristics shown by conventional topical vehicle for Baclofen (centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant). Niosomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method using non ionic surfactant (Span 20) and cholesterol in varying molar ratios such as 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The prepared systems were characterized for vesicle surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, Osmotic fragility and stability studies. The in vitro drug release behavior was determined by an in-house fabricated dissolution-dialysis apparatus. The skeletal muscle relaxant activity was determined by rota rod method using Swiss albino mice. The average particle size of niosomes was in the range of 3260-3810 nm. The maximum percent drug entrapment was observed with span 20 (89.67 ± 0.46 %). Furthermore, the release profile of baclofen from these niosomes was 68.15 ± 1.7 % (maximum). The formulations kept for stabilit...
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Papers by Raj kumar Keservani