Reduction of photosynthetic rates in plants under salt pressure is triggered primarily by reducin... more Reduction of photosynthetic rates in plants under salt pressure is triggered primarily by reducing water potential and/or elevated levels of Na+ and/or Cl− accumulated in chloroplasts and chlorophyll that are essential for plant health. Much work has been done to create strategies to deal with salinity stress. The use of organic and inorganic compounds, nutrients, and seed priming is among the promising strategies adopted to alleviate the unfavorable consequences of salinity and improve plant yields and yield quality. Seed priming is a commercially used method to improve the germination and vigor of seeds. The purpose of this work is to review the recent literature on plant response to seed priming under salinity stress. A schematic diagram describing the chain reaction following the seed priming was proposed. The diagram illustrates the possible impact of the seed priming on different physiological processes, enhancing tolerance level and final yield. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how plants build up many physiological and biochemical adaptations to regulate themselves when using seed priming under saline conditions. The variation on photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids), photosystem II, and net CO2 photosynthetic rate; ionic balance; K+:Na+ ratio difference; osmolyte accumulation, i.e., proline, glycine betaine, amino acids, and sugars; accumulation of enzymatic like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids); membrane stability; and levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents are among the most important physiological and biochemical plant reaction mechanisms for seed priming that allow plants to cope under saline conditions.
The SWUP-MED project results revealed that non conventional water resources (brackish groundwater... more The SWUP-MED project results revealed that non conventional water resources (brackish groundwater, treated waste water, saline water)can be used for food pruduction under proper management to safeguard the environment. Non-conventional crops that are more tolerant to drought and salinity such as quinoa and amaranth (cereal crops) can be grown under severe weather conditions, use less water and can be irrigted with poor quality water. These findings were based on experiments carried out in Denmark, Italy, Morocco, Syria, Portugal and Turkey. The outcome helps in water and food security aspect. Details have been submitted to the EU as a final project report.
Models can be very useful tools in agriculture water management. They could help in irrigation sc... more Models can be very useful tools in agriculture water management. They could help in irrigation scheduling and crop water requirement estimation and to predict yields and soil salinization. SALTMED model is a generic model that can be used for a variety of irrigation systems, soil types, crops and trees, water application strategies and different water qualities. The early version was successfully tested against field experimental data. The current version, SALTMED 2015, includes additional sub-models, crop growth according to heat units/degree days, crop rotations, nitrogen dynamics, soil temperature, dry matter and yield, subsurface irrigation, deficit irrigation including the Partial Root Drying, PRD, drainage flow to tile or open drains systems, presence of shallow groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET) using Penman–Monteith equation, with different options to obtain the canopy conductance. The current version allows up to 20 fields or treatments to run simultaneously.
Water security requires effective governance attention to water’s vulnerability and value; to goo... more Water security requires effective governance attention to water’s vulnerability and value; to good management principles and practices; and to complex and rapidly changing social, economic, political and environmental circumstances. Water scarcity threatens the livelihoods of countless people in the Arab region, particularly in rural and poor communities. Remote areas with inadequate water and sanitation are especially vulnerable. But water scarcity also affects urban dwellers, particularly in less developed countries. Twelve Arab countries have average per capita water availability rates below the World Health Organization threshold for severe scarcity.1 Urbanization, population growth and climate change exacerbate the region’s natural water scarcity and widen the gap between supply and demand. To meet escalating demand, Arab countries must develop a responsive governance framework to better manage their vulnerable water resources, both conventional (surface water and groundwater) ...
... 72/4R 5 ha. Canal 4/R Hashim Colony 3 ha. ... The municipal council is aware of the value of ... more ... 72/4R 5 ha. Canal 4/R Hashim Colony 3 ha. ... The municipal council is aware of the value of the water and auctions the wastewater. This is a win-win situation for all the stakeholders with very few incentives to invest in treatment facilities even if there are certain negative impacts. ...
Reduction of photosynthetic rates in plants under salt pressure is triggered primarily by reducin... more Reduction of photosynthetic rates in plants under salt pressure is triggered primarily by reducing water potential and/or elevated levels of Na+ and/or Cl− accumulated in chloroplasts and chlorophyll that are essential for plant health. Much work has been done to create strategies to deal with salinity stress. The use of organic and inorganic compounds, nutrients, and seed priming is among the promising strategies adopted to alleviate the unfavorable consequences of salinity and improve plant yields and yield quality. Seed priming is a commercially used method to improve the germination and vigor of seeds. The purpose of this work is to review the recent literature on plant response to seed priming under salinity stress. A schematic diagram describing the chain reaction following the seed priming was proposed. The diagram illustrates the possible impact of the seed priming on different physiological processes, enhancing tolerance level and final yield. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how plants build up many physiological and biochemical adaptations to regulate themselves when using seed priming under saline conditions. The variation on photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids), photosystem II, and net CO2 photosynthetic rate; ionic balance; K+:Na+ ratio difference; osmolyte accumulation, i.e., proline, glycine betaine, amino acids, and sugars; accumulation of enzymatic like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids); membrane stability; and levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents are among the most important physiological and biochemical plant reaction mechanisms for seed priming that allow plants to cope under saline conditions.
The SWUP-MED project results revealed that non conventional water resources (brackish groundwater... more The SWUP-MED project results revealed that non conventional water resources (brackish groundwater, treated waste water, saline water)can be used for food pruduction under proper management to safeguard the environment. Non-conventional crops that are more tolerant to drought and salinity such as quinoa and amaranth (cereal crops) can be grown under severe weather conditions, use less water and can be irrigted with poor quality water. These findings were based on experiments carried out in Denmark, Italy, Morocco, Syria, Portugal and Turkey. The outcome helps in water and food security aspect. Details have been submitted to the EU as a final project report.
Models can be very useful tools in agriculture water management. They could help in irrigation sc... more Models can be very useful tools in agriculture water management. They could help in irrigation scheduling and crop water requirement estimation and to predict yields and soil salinization. SALTMED model is a generic model that can be used for a variety of irrigation systems, soil types, crops and trees, water application strategies and different water qualities. The early version was successfully tested against field experimental data. The current version, SALTMED 2015, includes additional sub-models, crop growth according to heat units/degree days, crop rotations, nitrogen dynamics, soil temperature, dry matter and yield, subsurface irrigation, deficit irrigation including the Partial Root Drying, PRD, drainage flow to tile or open drains systems, presence of shallow groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET) using Penman–Monteith equation, with different options to obtain the canopy conductance. The current version allows up to 20 fields or treatments to run simultaneously.
Water security requires effective governance attention to water’s vulnerability and value; to goo... more Water security requires effective governance attention to water’s vulnerability and value; to good management principles and practices; and to complex and rapidly changing social, economic, political and environmental circumstances. Water scarcity threatens the livelihoods of countless people in the Arab region, particularly in rural and poor communities. Remote areas with inadequate water and sanitation are especially vulnerable. But water scarcity also affects urban dwellers, particularly in less developed countries. Twelve Arab countries have average per capita water availability rates below the World Health Organization threshold for severe scarcity.1 Urbanization, population growth and climate change exacerbate the region’s natural water scarcity and widen the gap between supply and demand. To meet escalating demand, Arab countries must develop a responsive governance framework to better manage their vulnerable water resources, both conventional (surface water and groundwater) ...
... 72/4R 5 ha. Canal 4/R Hashim Colony 3 ha. ... The municipal council is aware of the value of ... more ... 72/4R 5 ha. Canal 4/R Hashim Colony 3 ha. ... The municipal council is aware of the value of the water and auctions the wastewater. This is a win-win situation for all the stakeholders with very few incentives to invest in treatment facilities even if there are certain negative impacts. ...
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