Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural phytochemical compound, isolated from Zingiber ... more Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural phytochemical compound, isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. In this investigation, the anticancer properties of ZER were evaluated on cancer cells of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Jurkat cells using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and microscopic investigation (Flouresent microscope and scanning electron microscope). The results showed that ZER has cytotoxic effect against Jurkat cell in time dependent manner (24, 48 and 72h) with an IC50 of 11.875±0.178μg/ml, 8.593±0.480μg/ml and 5.397±0.431μg/ml respectively. Comparatively, doxorubicin (positive control) imposed an inhibitory effect on Jurkat cells with an IC50 of 1.514±0.070μg/ml after 72hr incubation. The results also revealed that ZER induced apoptosis time dependently in Jurkat cells using Annexin-v double staining assay. The current finding conducted that ZER with its unique chemical structure and versatile pharmacological activities might be helpful for improving the usefulness of anticancer agents in the therapy of leukemia.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used to treat anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy for cance... more Erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used to treat anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancers. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rHuEPO on the response of spheroid breast cancer, MCF-7, cells to tamoxifen treatment. The MCF-7 spheroids were treated with 10 mg/mL tamoxifen in combination with either 0, 10, 100 or 200 IU/mL rHuEPO for 24, 48 or 72 h. The viability of the MCF-7 cells was determined using the annexin-V, cell cycle, caspases activation and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination significantly (p greater than 0.05) increased the number of spheroid MCF-7 cells entering early apoptotic phase after 12 h and late apoptotic phase after 24 h of treatment; primarily the result of the antiproliferative effect tamoxifen. Tamoxifen alone significantly (p < 0.05) increased the caspase-3 and −9 activities in the spheroid MCF-7 cells by 200 to 550% of the control. Combination rHuEPO and tamoxifen produced much lesser effect on the caspase-8 activity. The rHuEPO in the combination treatment had concentration-dependently caused decrease in the caspase activities. rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination markedly increased MCF-7 cells entering the SubG0/G1 phase of the cell cycle by more than 500% of the control, while decreasing those entering the G2 + M and S phases by 50%. After 72 h, the combination treatment produced greater (p < 0.05) change in the SubG0/G1 phase than tamoxifen treatment alone. Morphologically, spheroid MCF-7 cells subjected to combination rHuEPO-tamoxifen treatment showed nuclear condensation and margination, cytoplasmic blebbing, necrosis, and early and late apoptosis. Thus, the study showed that rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination induced apoptosis in the spheroid MCF-7 cells. The apoptotic effect of the rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination treatment on the MCF-7 cells was greater than that produced by tamoxifen alone. The rHuEPO-tamoxifen treatment enhanced the caspase-independent apoptotic effects of tamoxifen on the spheroid MCF-7 cells.
Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural phytochemical compound, isolated from Zingiber ... more Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural phytochemical compound, isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. In this investigation, the anticancer properties of ZER were evaluated on cancer cells of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Jurkat cells using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and microscopic investigation (Flouresent microscope and scanning electron microscope). The results showed that ZER has cytotoxic effect against Jurkat cell in time dependent manner (24, 48 and 72h) with an IC50 of 11.875±0.178μg/ml, 8.593±0.480μg/ml and 5.397±0.431μg/ml respectively. Comparatively, doxorubicin (positive control) imposed an inhibitory effect on Jurkat cells with an IC50 of 1.514±0.070μg/ml after 72hr incubation. The results also revealed that ZER induced apoptosis time dependently in Jurkat cells using Annexin-v double staining assay. The current finding conducted that ZER with its unique chemical structure and versatile pharmacological activities might be helpful for improving the usefulness of anticancer agents in the therapy of leukemia.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used to treat anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy for cance... more Erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used to treat anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancers. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rHuEPO on the response of spheroid breast cancer, MCF-7, cells to tamoxifen treatment. The MCF-7 spheroids were treated with 10 mg/mL tamoxifen in combination with either 0, 10, 100 or 200 IU/mL rHuEPO for 24, 48 or 72 h. The viability of the MCF-7 cells was determined using the annexin-V, cell cycle, caspases activation and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination significantly (p greater than 0.05) increased the number of spheroid MCF-7 cells entering early apoptotic phase after 12 h and late apoptotic phase after 24 h of treatment; primarily the result of the antiproliferative effect tamoxifen. Tamoxifen alone significantly (p < 0.05) increased the caspase-3 and −9 activities in the spheroid MCF-7 cells by 200 to 550% of the control. Combination rHuEPO and tamoxifen produced much lesser effect on the caspase-8 activity. The rHuEPO in the combination treatment had concentration-dependently caused decrease in the caspase activities. rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination markedly increased MCF-7 cells entering the SubG0/G1 phase of the cell cycle by more than 500% of the control, while decreasing those entering the G2 + M and S phases by 50%. After 72 h, the combination treatment produced greater (p < 0.05) change in the SubG0/G1 phase than tamoxifen treatment alone. Morphologically, spheroid MCF-7 cells subjected to combination rHuEPO-tamoxifen treatment showed nuclear condensation and margination, cytoplasmic blebbing, necrosis, and early and late apoptosis. Thus, the study showed that rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination induced apoptosis in the spheroid MCF-7 cells. The apoptotic effect of the rHuEPO-tamoxifen combination treatment on the MCF-7 cells was greater than that produced by tamoxifen alone. The rHuEPO-tamoxifen treatment enhanced the caspase-independent apoptotic effects of tamoxifen on the spheroid MCF-7 cells.
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