As populacoes peruanas atuais devem sua formacao a dois movimentos migratorios principais, um ant... more As populacoes peruanas atuais devem sua formacao a dois movimentos migratorios principais, um antigo ou pre-colombiano e outro mais recente ou pos-colombiano. Neste estudo, tentamos reconstruir o impacto destes fluxos migratorios atraves do estudo genomico dos peruanos atuais usando a comparacao de genotipos (marcadores autossomicos INDELs) e haplotipos (mtDNA e Y-DNA) dos mesmos com populacoes nativas continentais da Europa, Asia, Africa, Oceania e America. Nossos resultados com dados autossomicos mostram que ha uma elevada proporcao de ancestralidade autoctone americana (entre 53,8% e 96,5%) e um gradiente de miscigenacaopos-colombiana nas populacoes peruanas que e consistente com os registros que deixaram os cronistas e historiadores. Em conjunto, a populacao atual do Peru apresenta uma proporcao de ancestralidade autoctone de aproximadamente 80%. Nos estudos com linhagens maternas (mtDNA), a distribuicao de suas frequencias indica que a contribuicao matrilinear e em grande parte...
Journal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 2014
Given that health is so relevant for global productivity and competitiveness, and that the ICTs p... more Given that health is so relevant for global productivity and competitiveness, and that the ICTs play an important role in all of the productivity factors, this work makes use of the ICTs in health matters proposing the to use a WiFi oximeter. This article describes the operating principles of a Pulse Oximeter (PO) which is an opto-electronic non-invasive medical instrument capable of measuring changes in HR and SpO2 at the fingertip and its upgrade to the standards; HL7 and IEEE 11073-10404:2008, its design, and its validation against the three existing devices. Variables (SpO2%, Ppm, Temperature) were compared, and its performance and impact were discussed the addition of the WiFi technology allows a better comunication between devices, causing a greate impact in global competiveness.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G participates in several biological processes, including reproduct... more Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G participates in several biological processes, including reproduction, vascular remodeling, immune tolerance, and hypoxia response. HLA-G is a potential candidate gene for high altitude adaptation since its expression is modulated in both micro and macro environment under hypoxia and constant cellular stress. Besides the promoter region, the HLA-G 3'untranslated region (UTR) influences HLA-G expression patterns through several post-transcriptional mechanisms. Currently, the 3'UTR genetic diversity in terms of altitude adaptation of Native American populations is still unexplored, particularly at high altitude ecoregions. Here, we evaluated 288 Native Americans from 9 communities located in the Andes [highland (HL); ≥2,500 m (range = 2,838-4,433 m)] and 8 populations located in lowland (LL) regions [<2,500 m (range = 80-431 m); Amazonian tropical forest, Brazilian central plateau, and Chaco] of South America. In total, nine polymorphic sites and ten haplotypes were observed. The most frequent haplotypes (UTR-1, UTR-2, and UTR-3) accounted for ∼ 77% of haplotypes found in LL, while in the HL, the same haplotypes reach ∼ 93%. Also, a remarkable high frequency of putative ancestral UTR-5 haplotype was observed in LL (21.5%), while in HL UTR-2 reaches up to 47%. Further, UTR-2 frequency positively correlates with altitude-related variables, while a negative correlation for UTR-5 was observed. From an evolutionary perspective, we observed a tendency towards balancing selection in HL and LL populations thus suggesting that haplotypes of ancient and more derived alleles may have been co-opted for relatively recent adaptations such as those experienced by modern humans in the highland and lowland of South America. We also discuss how long-term balancing selection can be a reservoir of genetic variants that can be positively selected. Finally, our study provides some pieces of evidence that HLA-G 3'UTR haplotypes may have contributed to high altitude adaptation in the Andes.
Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG, Jan 3, 2018
This study focuses on the descendants of the royal Inka family. The Inkas ruled Tawantinsuyu, the... more This study focuses on the descendants of the royal Inka family. The Inkas ruled Tawantinsuyu, the largest pre-Columbian empire in South America, which extended from southern Colombia to central Chile. The origin of the royal Inkas is currently unknown. While the mummies of the Inka rulers could have been informative, most were destroyed by Spaniards and the few remaining disappeared without a trace. Moreover, no genetic studies have been conducted on present-day descendants of the Inka rulers. In the present study, we analysed uniparental DNA markers in 18 individuals predominantly from the districts of San Sebastian and San Jerónimo in Cusco (Peru), who belong to 12 families of putative patrilineal descent of Inka rulers, according to documented registries. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeat (STR) markers of the Y chromosome (Y-STRs), as well as mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, to investigate the paternal and maternal descent of the 18 alleged Inka d...
American journal of physical anthropology, Jul 2, 2017
To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native Amer... more To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native American populations for selected metabolism-related markers and to test whether Neel's thrifty genotype hypothesis (TGH) could explain the genetic patterns observed in these populations. 375 Native South American individuals from 17 populations were genotyped using six markers (APOE rs429358 and rs7412; APOA2 rs5082; CD36 rs3211883; TCF7L2 rs11196205; and IGF2BP2 rs11705701). Additionally, APOE genotypes from 39 individuals were obtained from the literature. AMOVA, main effects, and gene-gene interaction tests were performed. We observed differences in allele distribution patterns between agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers for some markers. For instance, between-groups component of genetic variance (FCT ) for APOE rs429358 showed strong differences in allelic distributions between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists (p = 0.00196). Gene-gene interaction analysis indicated that the A...
El polimorfismo -511 citosina/timina (-511 C/T) en la región promotora del gen interleuquina 1 be... more El polimorfismo -511 citosina/timina (-511 C/T) en la región promotora del gen interleuquina 1 beta (IL1β) está implicado en la producción diferencial de la citoquina y por tanto puede estar asociado a la respuesta inmuno-inflamatoria en obesidad, dislipidemias, cardiopatías, cáncer, infecciones, y el tratamiento con nutrientes y fármacos. Objetivos: Establecer la distribución de frecuencias de los genotipos y alelos del polimorfismo -511 C/T del gen IL1β en diferentes subpoblaciones peruanas. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Instituciones: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición e Instituto de Medicina Tropical D.A. Carrión, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM y Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, USMP, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pobladores peruanos. Intervenciones: Extracción de ADN genómico a partir de muestras sanguíneas o epitelio bucal según metodología estándar, de 168 individuos de 9 grupos subpoblacionales: 23 mestizos de...
The goal of the study is to describe our experience in percutaneous transluminal coronary angiopl... more The goal of the study is to describe our experience in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with cutting balloon, evaluating the immediate and mid-term outcomes. The cutting balloon is a device used as a strategy to promote plaque rupture and to allow for its distribution. This is a descriptive study to evaluate the clinical and angiographic restenosis rate (Binary restenosis). Patients with incomplete clinical data were excluded. From January 2003 to June 2004, 1,300 PTCA with stent were made; we selected a group of 39 patients in whom the cutting balloon was used (3.3%). Average age was 60.4+/-9.2 years. There were 32 men (80%) and 8 women (20%). Diabetes Mellitus in 10 (25%), dyslipidemia in 18 (45%), systemic hypertension in 22 (55%), smoking in 22 (55%). The indication for coronary angiography was stable angina in 21 (52.5%), unstable angina in 15 (37.5%), acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation in 3 (7.5%). We treated 45 lesions: 4 (8.8%) main left, ...
We analyzed the clinical and angiographic results, as well as the follow-up of patients with left... more We analyzed the clinical and angiographic results, as well as the follow-up of patients with left coronary trunk disease (LCT) subjected to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting and compared them with those subjected to myocardial revascularization surgery (MRV). From May 1998 to October 2003, 3,680 procedures were performed in 2,900 patients; 30 of them were selected to form group PTCA, 17 protected with stenting and 13 not protected, as they were not suited for surgery due to inappropriate bedding and rejection by the patient. Another group of 30 patients (MRV) with coronary bypass, average of 3.2 grafts. Age ranged from 45 to 74 years (65.7 +/- 11.5) for the PTCA and for MRV from 49 to 77 years (66.9 +/- 7.1); 25 men (83%) in the PTCA group and 23 men (76%) in the MRV group. Systemic arterial hypertension in both groups: 10 (33%), smoking in both groups: 17 (56%); diabetes mellitus PTCA: 11 (36%) and MRV: 3 (10%); hypercholesterolemia PTCA: 19 (63%),...
Since the last decade, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty with Inoue catheter is considere... more Since the last decade, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty with Inoue catheter is considered the treatment of choice for selected patients (mobile valve, no calcification and minimal subvalvular disease) with rheumatic mitral stenosis. We present the seven-year follow-up experience of 456 patients treated with this technique in the catheter laboratory of the Cardiology Hospital in National Medical Center SXXI. It is a retrospective, transversal and observational study performed with data obtained from January 1994 and December 2000, with a follow-up of 58.5 +/- 26.6 months (range 12-96 mean 22). We achieve an initial success of 82.8%, improvement of initial mitral valve area from 0.9 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 cm2, with a gain area from 88 to 106% (p < or = 0.001). At the end of the follow-up, the mean valvular area was maintained in 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm2 in 69.8% of the cases. We found a significant reduction of transmitral gradient and of the pulmonary artery systolic pressure imme...
We evaluated immediate and mid-term clinical and angiographic results in diabetic patients with p... more We evaluated immediate and mid-term clinical and angiographic results in diabetic patients with percutaneous coronary intervention with deployment of drug eluting stents. Between November of 2004 and June of 2005 percutaneous coronary interventions were performed 860 with the deployment of 112 drug eluting stents to 42 diabetic patients. The mean of stents was 2.6 per patient, and the type of drug eluting stent was paclitaxel in 60% and sirolimus in 40%. The average of age was 51.2 +/- 9.6 years old. The gender was male in 25 (60%) of patients and female in 17 (40%). The indication of coronary angiography was unstable angina in 15 (35%) patients and stable angina in 27 (65%). There was history of anterior myocardial infarction in 20 (47%), inferior myocardial infarction in 8 (20%) and multiple vessel disease in 16 (38%). The stenosis severity of the lesion was 85.9% +/- 12.2% and the left ventricular function was (55 +/- 10). The hospital stay was 7 +/- 5.4 days. Both clinical and a...
The present study is aimed at describing the short-term assessment of clinical and angiographic r... more The present study is aimed at describing the short-term assessment of clinical and angiographic results in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (RPTCA). We reviewed retrospectively, from January 2001 to July 2004, the interventional procedures performed in patients with coronary heart disease. From a total of 3,258 patients we selected 32 (0.98%) with acute myocardial infarction and failure of thrombolysis treatment, which were treated with RPTCA to relief the symptoms. Average age was 63 years (range 47-79), there were 24 men (75%); hypertension in 29 (90.6%); diabetes mellitus in 18 (56.3%); currently smoking 24 (75%); dyslipidemia in 11 (34.4%); unstable angina in 9 (28.1%); previous myocardial infarction in 2 (6.3%). The area related to the infarction was anterior and lateral in 14 (43.8%), anteroseptal in 6 (18.8%), postero-inferior in 5 (15.6%) with electric and hemodynamic involvement in 4 (12.5%), latera...
Los polimorfismos del ADN mitocondrial son herramientas en el estudio comparativo de poblaciones ... more Los polimorfismos del ADN mitocondrial son herramientas en el estudio comparativo de poblaciones modernas y antiguas. Entre los más usados están los haplotipos mitocondriales basados en RFLP (polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción) y un sistema de inserción /deleción. El presente estudio establece la frecuencia de estos haplotipos y compara un total de 144 individuos representativos de las islas Taquile y Amantaní (lengua quechua) y de las islas de Los Uros y Anapia (lengua aymara) del lago Titicaca, Perú. Nuestros resultados revelan la predominancia del haplotipo B1: 100% en Taquile (n=57); 88,6% en Amantaní (n=35); 75% en Los Uros (n=28) y 87,5% en Anapia (n=24), siendo las frecuencias más altas registradas en el mundo. Otros haplotipos se observan en menor proporción: 17,9% de A2 y 7,1% de D1 en Los Uros; 11,4% de la variante C1 en Amantaní; 4,2% de cada haplotipo C1, C2 y D1 en Anapia. La alta frecuencia de B1 indica que las poblaciones de Taquile, Amantaní y Anap...
As populacoes peruanas atuais devem sua formacao a dois movimentos migratorios principais, um ant... more As populacoes peruanas atuais devem sua formacao a dois movimentos migratorios principais, um antigo ou pre-colombiano e outro mais recente ou pos-colombiano. Neste estudo, tentamos reconstruir o impacto destes fluxos migratorios atraves do estudo genomico dos peruanos atuais usando a comparacao de genotipos (marcadores autossomicos INDELs) e haplotipos (mtDNA e Y-DNA) dos mesmos com populacoes nativas continentais da Europa, Asia, Africa, Oceania e America. Nossos resultados com dados autossomicos mostram que ha uma elevada proporcao de ancestralidade autoctone americana (entre 53,8% e 96,5%) e um gradiente de miscigenacaopos-colombiana nas populacoes peruanas que e consistente com os registros que deixaram os cronistas e historiadores. Em conjunto, a populacao atual do Peru apresenta uma proporcao de ancestralidade autoctone de aproximadamente 80%. Nos estudos com linhagens maternas (mtDNA), a distribuicao de suas frequencias indica que a contribuicao matrilinear e em grande parte...
Journal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 2014
Given that health is so relevant for global productivity and competitiveness, and that the ICTs p... more Given that health is so relevant for global productivity and competitiveness, and that the ICTs play an important role in all of the productivity factors, this work makes use of the ICTs in health matters proposing the to use a WiFi oximeter. This article describes the operating principles of a Pulse Oximeter (PO) which is an opto-electronic non-invasive medical instrument capable of measuring changes in HR and SpO2 at the fingertip and its upgrade to the standards; HL7 and IEEE 11073-10404:2008, its design, and its validation against the three existing devices. Variables (SpO2%, Ppm, Temperature) were compared, and its performance and impact were discussed the addition of the WiFi technology allows a better comunication between devices, causing a greate impact in global competiveness.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G participates in several biological processes, including reproduct... more Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G participates in several biological processes, including reproduction, vascular remodeling, immune tolerance, and hypoxia response. HLA-G is a potential candidate gene for high altitude adaptation since its expression is modulated in both micro and macro environment under hypoxia and constant cellular stress. Besides the promoter region, the HLA-G 3'untranslated region (UTR) influences HLA-G expression patterns through several post-transcriptional mechanisms. Currently, the 3'UTR genetic diversity in terms of altitude adaptation of Native American populations is still unexplored, particularly at high altitude ecoregions. Here, we evaluated 288 Native Americans from 9 communities located in the Andes [highland (HL); ≥2,500 m (range = 2,838-4,433 m)] and 8 populations located in lowland (LL) regions [<2,500 m (range = 80-431 m); Amazonian tropical forest, Brazilian central plateau, and Chaco] of South America. In total, nine polymorphic sites and ten haplotypes were observed. The most frequent haplotypes (UTR-1, UTR-2, and UTR-3) accounted for ∼ 77% of haplotypes found in LL, while in the HL, the same haplotypes reach ∼ 93%. Also, a remarkable high frequency of putative ancestral UTR-5 haplotype was observed in LL (21.5%), while in HL UTR-2 reaches up to 47%. Further, UTR-2 frequency positively correlates with altitude-related variables, while a negative correlation for UTR-5 was observed. From an evolutionary perspective, we observed a tendency towards balancing selection in HL and LL populations thus suggesting that haplotypes of ancient and more derived alleles may have been co-opted for relatively recent adaptations such as those experienced by modern humans in the highland and lowland of South America. We also discuss how long-term balancing selection can be a reservoir of genetic variants that can be positively selected. Finally, our study provides some pieces of evidence that HLA-G 3'UTR haplotypes may have contributed to high altitude adaptation in the Andes.
Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG, Jan 3, 2018
This study focuses on the descendants of the royal Inka family. The Inkas ruled Tawantinsuyu, the... more This study focuses on the descendants of the royal Inka family. The Inkas ruled Tawantinsuyu, the largest pre-Columbian empire in South America, which extended from southern Colombia to central Chile. The origin of the royal Inkas is currently unknown. While the mummies of the Inka rulers could have been informative, most were destroyed by Spaniards and the few remaining disappeared without a trace. Moreover, no genetic studies have been conducted on present-day descendants of the Inka rulers. In the present study, we analysed uniparental DNA markers in 18 individuals predominantly from the districts of San Sebastian and San Jerónimo in Cusco (Peru), who belong to 12 families of putative patrilineal descent of Inka rulers, according to documented registries. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeat (STR) markers of the Y chromosome (Y-STRs), as well as mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, to investigate the paternal and maternal descent of the 18 alleged Inka d...
American journal of physical anthropology, Jul 2, 2017
To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native Amer... more To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native American populations for selected metabolism-related markers and to test whether Neel's thrifty genotype hypothesis (TGH) could explain the genetic patterns observed in these populations. 375 Native South American individuals from 17 populations were genotyped using six markers (APOE rs429358 and rs7412; APOA2 rs5082; CD36 rs3211883; TCF7L2 rs11196205; and IGF2BP2 rs11705701). Additionally, APOE genotypes from 39 individuals were obtained from the literature. AMOVA, main effects, and gene-gene interaction tests were performed. We observed differences in allele distribution patterns between agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers for some markers. For instance, between-groups component of genetic variance (FCT ) for APOE rs429358 showed strong differences in allelic distributions between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists (p = 0.00196). Gene-gene interaction analysis indicated that the A...
El polimorfismo -511 citosina/timina (-511 C/T) en la región promotora del gen interleuquina 1 be... more El polimorfismo -511 citosina/timina (-511 C/T) en la región promotora del gen interleuquina 1 beta (IL1β) está implicado en la producción diferencial de la citoquina y por tanto puede estar asociado a la respuesta inmuno-inflamatoria en obesidad, dislipidemias, cardiopatías, cáncer, infecciones, y el tratamiento con nutrientes y fármacos. Objetivos: Establecer la distribución de frecuencias de los genotipos y alelos del polimorfismo -511 C/T del gen IL1β en diferentes subpoblaciones peruanas. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Instituciones: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición e Instituto de Medicina Tropical D.A. Carrión, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM y Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, USMP, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pobladores peruanos. Intervenciones: Extracción de ADN genómico a partir de muestras sanguíneas o epitelio bucal según metodología estándar, de 168 individuos de 9 grupos subpoblacionales: 23 mestizos de...
The goal of the study is to describe our experience in percutaneous transluminal coronary angiopl... more The goal of the study is to describe our experience in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with cutting balloon, evaluating the immediate and mid-term outcomes. The cutting balloon is a device used as a strategy to promote plaque rupture and to allow for its distribution. This is a descriptive study to evaluate the clinical and angiographic restenosis rate (Binary restenosis). Patients with incomplete clinical data were excluded. From January 2003 to June 2004, 1,300 PTCA with stent were made; we selected a group of 39 patients in whom the cutting balloon was used (3.3%). Average age was 60.4+/-9.2 years. There were 32 men (80%) and 8 women (20%). Diabetes Mellitus in 10 (25%), dyslipidemia in 18 (45%), systemic hypertension in 22 (55%), smoking in 22 (55%). The indication for coronary angiography was stable angina in 21 (52.5%), unstable angina in 15 (37.5%), acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation in 3 (7.5%). We treated 45 lesions: 4 (8.8%) main left, ...
We analyzed the clinical and angiographic results, as well as the follow-up of patients with left... more We analyzed the clinical and angiographic results, as well as the follow-up of patients with left coronary trunk disease (LCT) subjected to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting and compared them with those subjected to myocardial revascularization surgery (MRV). From May 1998 to October 2003, 3,680 procedures were performed in 2,900 patients; 30 of them were selected to form group PTCA, 17 protected with stenting and 13 not protected, as they were not suited for surgery due to inappropriate bedding and rejection by the patient. Another group of 30 patients (MRV) with coronary bypass, average of 3.2 grafts. Age ranged from 45 to 74 years (65.7 +/- 11.5) for the PTCA and for MRV from 49 to 77 years (66.9 +/- 7.1); 25 men (83%) in the PTCA group and 23 men (76%) in the MRV group. Systemic arterial hypertension in both groups: 10 (33%), smoking in both groups: 17 (56%); diabetes mellitus PTCA: 11 (36%) and MRV: 3 (10%); hypercholesterolemia PTCA: 19 (63%),...
Since the last decade, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty with Inoue catheter is considere... more Since the last decade, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty with Inoue catheter is considered the treatment of choice for selected patients (mobile valve, no calcification and minimal subvalvular disease) with rheumatic mitral stenosis. We present the seven-year follow-up experience of 456 patients treated with this technique in the catheter laboratory of the Cardiology Hospital in National Medical Center SXXI. It is a retrospective, transversal and observational study performed with data obtained from January 1994 and December 2000, with a follow-up of 58.5 +/- 26.6 months (range 12-96 mean 22). We achieve an initial success of 82.8%, improvement of initial mitral valve area from 0.9 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 cm2, with a gain area from 88 to 106% (p < or = 0.001). At the end of the follow-up, the mean valvular area was maintained in 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm2 in 69.8% of the cases. We found a significant reduction of transmitral gradient and of the pulmonary artery systolic pressure imme...
We evaluated immediate and mid-term clinical and angiographic results in diabetic patients with p... more We evaluated immediate and mid-term clinical and angiographic results in diabetic patients with percutaneous coronary intervention with deployment of drug eluting stents. Between November of 2004 and June of 2005 percutaneous coronary interventions were performed 860 with the deployment of 112 drug eluting stents to 42 diabetic patients. The mean of stents was 2.6 per patient, and the type of drug eluting stent was paclitaxel in 60% and sirolimus in 40%. The average of age was 51.2 +/- 9.6 years old. The gender was male in 25 (60%) of patients and female in 17 (40%). The indication of coronary angiography was unstable angina in 15 (35%) patients and stable angina in 27 (65%). There was history of anterior myocardial infarction in 20 (47%), inferior myocardial infarction in 8 (20%) and multiple vessel disease in 16 (38%). The stenosis severity of the lesion was 85.9% +/- 12.2% and the left ventricular function was (55 +/- 10). The hospital stay was 7 +/- 5.4 days. Both clinical and a...
The present study is aimed at describing the short-term assessment of clinical and angiographic r... more The present study is aimed at describing the short-term assessment of clinical and angiographic results in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (RPTCA). We reviewed retrospectively, from January 2001 to July 2004, the interventional procedures performed in patients with coronary heart disease. From a total of 3,258 patients we selected 32 (0.98%) with acute myocardial infarction and failure of thrombolysis treatment, which were treated with RPTCA to relief the symptoms. Average age was 63 years (range 47-79), there were 24 men (75%); hypertension in 29 (90.6%); diabetes mellitus in 18 (56.3%); currently smoking 24 (75%); dyslipidemia in 11 (34.4%); unstable angina in 9 (28.1%); previous myocardial infarction in 2 (6.3%). The area related to the infarction was anterior and lateral in 14 (43.8%), anteroseptal in 6 (18.8%), postero-inferior in 5 (15.6%) with electric and hemodynamic involvement in 4 (12.5%), latera...
Los polimorfismos del ADN mitocondrial son herramientas en el estudio comparativo de poblaciones ... more Los polimorfismos del ADN mitocondrial son herramientas en el estudio comparativo de poblaciones modernas y antiguas. Entre los más usados están los haplotipos mitocondriales basados en RFLP (polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción) y un sistema de inserción /deleción. El presente estudio establece la frecuencia de estos haplotipos y compara un total de 144 individuos representativos de las islas Taquile y Amantaní (lengua quechua) y de las islas de Los Uros y Anapia (lengua aymara) del lago Titicaca, Perú. Nuestros resultados revelan la predominancia del haplotipo B1: 100% en Taquile (n=57); 88,6% en Amantaní (n=35); 75% en Los Uros (n=28) y 87,5% en Anapia (n=24), siendo las frecuencias más altas registradas en el mundo. Otros haplotipos se observan en menor proporción: 17,9% de A2 y 7,1% de D1 en Los Uros; 11,4% de la variante C1 en Amantaní; 4,2% de cada haplotipo C1, C2 y D1 en Anapia. La alta frecuencia de B1 indica que las poblaciones de Taquile, Amantaní y Anap...
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