There is an art and a craft to making an appealing fine fragrance that takes perfumers many years... more There is an art and a craft to making an appealing fine fragrance that takes perfumers many years to master. The IBM Research AI for Product Composition system was created to assist perfumers to design novel fragrances that are appealing, well balanced and technically sound. The system has been used by Master Perfumers at Symrise to develop 2 fragrances for Brazilian millennials. This creative submission presents the two fragrances, one designed for men and the other for women.
Monitoring of events at key points in a process flow model is necessary for successfully integrat... more Monitoring of events at key points in a process flow model is necessary for successfully integrating and managing business processes. If the business processes manifest as Web services, the monitoring translates to a matching of service requests with service advertisements, followed by invocation of the matched advertisement. Frequently, in addition to service capabilities, other service attributes such as quality guarantees and service types may also form the criteria for a match. Furthermore certain process integration tasks may necessitate exact matches as opposed to sufficiently close matches. In this paper we propose a matching engine that allows flexible parameterized semantic matching of service requests with advertisements. The matching engine is specfically designed to function in the context of integrating business processes. We describe in detail our matching engine architecture and its functioning. The engine enables parsing of declarative service definitions represented in markups such as DAML-S and combines programmer-specified matching criteria with an intuitive matching algorithm to produce the match-pairs. The semantic matching utilizes the notion of concept-indexing which is performed by reasoning on ontologies that specify the domain concepts. The engine also performs look-up of augmented UDDIbased services. The UDDI markup is augmented with pointers to semantic information that are utilized by the matching engine during the look-up. Furthermore, we enhance service discovery by rendering service compositions using standard planning algorithms. In order to satisfy a request, our semantic matching engine automatically finds ways in which two or more services could be composed to meet the request.
NY {rgoodwin,rachlin,murthy, akkiraj u } @watson.ibm.corn Effective production scheduling is at t... more NY {rgoodwin,rachlin,murthy, akkiraj u } @watson.ibm.corn Effective production scheduling is at the heart of any efficient manufacturing process and is the key to profitability. Because scheduling is complex, manufactures use computers to generate near optimal schedules. However, using a computer to find a single near optimal schedule requires a precise definition of optimality which must tradeoff the competing interests of production efficiemy, customer satisfaction, profitability and product quality. Performing these tradeoffs automatically is beyond the fidelity of any utility model that could be constructed with reasonable effort. Scheduling systems work best as assistants to human schedulers, keeping track of complex constraints and presenting the a set of alternatives that highlight the tradeoffs. The system must allow the human scheduler to examine and manipulate the schedules in order for the human to arrive at the best schedule. The utility model must capture the high level...
Much of the attention in artificial intelligence (AI) for e-Business has focused on business to c... more Much of the attention in artificial intelligence (AI) for e-Business has focused on business to consumer transactions. Shopping bots, systems to recommend movies and books based on similar opinions by other users and news filtering agents, are just some examples. However, we feel that AI can have a larger impact on the supply chain that delivers goods and services to the end consumer. Reductions in costs and the pervasiveness of the Internet have encouraged companies to move towards using ecommerce for transactions with their business partners. Companies are willing to invest resource because of the reduced product cycle times and the lower transaction costs that they expect. A result of this movement is that companies can afford to interact with a larger number of trading partners and form project and customer specific partnerships that would have been too costly in the past. To manage a larger and more dynamic set of partnerships and to be able to take advantage of transient oppor...
Current business process flow representation languages such as BPEL4WS do not accommodate abstrac... more Current business process flow representation languages such as BPEL4WS do not accommodate abstract specifications of business activities and dynamic binding of web services at run time. Moreover, dynamic selection of individual web services for a process is often not a stand-alone operation. There may be many inter-service dependencies and domain constraints that need to be considered in selecting legal and appropriate services for realizing an abstract flow. In this paper, we present a prototype workflow engine that accepts abstract BPEL4WS flows augmented with semantic annotations in DAML-S and performs runtime discovery, composition, binding and execution of web services. Building on prior work in this area [Mandel and McIlraith 2003], we provide a way of modeling and accommodating domain constraints and inter-service dependencies within a process flow. The result is a system that allows workflow designers to focus on creating appropriate high-level flows, while providing a robus...
There is an art and a craft to making an appealing fine fragrance that takes perfumers many years... more There is an art and a craft to making an appealing fine fragrance that takes perfumers many years to master. The IBM Research AI for Product Composition system was created to assist perfumers to design novel fragrances that are appealing, well balanced and technically sound. The system has been used by Master Perfumers at Symrise to develop 2 fragrances for Brazilian millennials. This creative submission presents the two fragrances, one designed for men and the other for women.
Monitoring of events at key points in a process flow model is necessary for successfully integrat... more Monitoring of events at key points in a process flow model is necessary for successfully integrating and managing business processes. If the business processes manifest as Web services, the monitoring translates to a matching of service requests with service advertisements, followed by invocation of the matched advertisement. Frequently, in addition to service capabilities, other service attributes such as quality guarantees and service types may also form the criteria for a match. Furthermore certain process integration tasks may necessitate exact matches as opposed to sufficiently close matches. In this paper we propose a matching engine that allows flexible parameterized semantic matching of service requests with advertisements. The matching engine is specfically designed to function in the context of integrating business processes. We describe in detail our matching engine architecture and its functioning. The engine enables parsing of declarative service definitions represented in markups such as DAML-S and combines programmer-specified matching criteria with an intuitive matching algorithm to produce the match-pairs. The semantic matching utilizes the notion of concept-indexing which is performed by reasoning on ontologies that specify the domain concepts. The engine also performs look-up of augmented UDDIbased services. The UDDI markup is augmented with pointers to semantic information that are utilized by the matching engine during the look-up. Furthermore, we enhance service discovery by rendering service compositions using standard planning algorithms. In order to satisfy a request, our semantic matching engine automatically finds ways in which two or more services could be composed to meet the request.
NY {rgoodwin,rachlin,murthy, akkiraj u } @watson.ibm.corn Effective production scheduling is at t... more NY {rgoodwin,rachlin,murthy, akkiraj u } @watson.ibm.corn Effective production scheduling is at the heart of any efficient manufacturing process and is the key to profitability. Because scheduling is complex, manufactures use computers to generate near optimal schedules. However, using a computer to find a single near optimal schedule requires a precise definition of optimality which must tradeoff the competing interests of production efficiemy, customer satisfaction, profitability and product quality. Performing these tradeoffs automatically is beyond the fidelity of any utility model that could be constructed with reasonable effort. Scheduling systems work best as assistants to human schedulers, keeping track of complex constraints and presenting the a set of alternatives that highlight the tradeoffs. The system must allow the human scheduler to examine and manipulate the schedules in order for the human to arrive at the best schedule. The utility model must capture the high level...
Much of the attention in artificial intelligence (AI) for e-Business has focused on business to c... more Much of the attention in artificial intelligence (AI) for e-Business has focused on business to consumer transactions. Shopping bots, systems to recommend movies and books based on similar opinions by other users and news filtering agents, are just some examples. However, we feel that AI can have a larger impact on the supply chain that delivers goods and services to the end consumer. Reductions in costs and the pervasiveness of the Internet have encouraged companies to move towards using ecommerce for transactions with their business partners. Companies are willing to invest resource because of the reduced product cycle times and the lower transaction costs that they expect. A result of this movement is that companies can afford to interact with a larger number of trading partners and form project and customer specific partnerships that would have been too costly in the past. To manage a larger and more dynamic set of partnerships and to be able to take advantage of transient oppor...
Current business process flow representation languages such as BPEL4WS do not accommodate abstrac... more Current business process flow representation languages such as BPEL4WS do not accommodate abstract specifications of business activities and dynamic binding of web services at run time. Moreover, dynamic selection of individual web services for a process is often not a stand-alone operation. There may be many inter-service dependencies and domain constraints that need to be considered in selecting legal and appropriate services for realizing an abstract flow. In this paper, we present a prototype workflow engine that accepts abstract BPEL4WS flows augmented with semantic annotations in DAML-S and performs runtime discovery, composition, binding and execution of web services. Building on prior work in this area [Mandel and McIlraith 2003], we provide a way of modeling and accommodating domain constraints and inter-service dependencies within a process flow. The result is a system that allows workflow designers to focus on creating appropriate high-level flows, while providing a robus...
Uploads
Papers by Richard Goodwin