International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research
Rapid urbanization is essential for growth and economic viability at global level, promoting the ... more Rapid urbanization is essential for growth and economic viability at global level, promoting the extensive industrialization. Rapid industrialization also comes with more water demand with higher water pollution. Industrial wastewater may contain heavy metal, carcinogens, mutagens and radioactive materials which must be prevented to be incorporated into the food chain. Therefore, treatments of wastewater for removal of these toxicants are a necessary and unavoidable measure. There are various modes of treatments for removal of toxicants depending on the type of contaminants. It includes physical, chemical and biological treatment alone or in combination. Here a review is carried to identify major sources of industrial wastewaters with their major pollutants. Various studies are also considered in the review for determination of the hazardous effect of wastewater on ecosystems and biological systems. Details about treatments of wastewater based on the sources were also included. More...
This paper revises the fundamental facts about potentially toxic elements belonging to the group ... more This paper revises the fundamental facts about potentially toxic elements belonging to the group of heavy metals. The study highlights the ongoing soil pollution status affected by these non-biodegradable elements, the basic characteristics of these metals that make them toxic, their mode of accumulation in different trophic levels, their toxic effect on human beings and the probable remediation technologies being used to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metal when the pollution problem has evolved. The technologies focused on solidification, soil washing, soil flushing, electro-kinetic remediation and phytoremediation are presented. The choice of the technology to be used for remediation depends on the condition of the soil and the extent of contamination. Conventional electro-kinetics is the most effective and rapid technology, but on the scale of ecosystem restoration, phytoremediation is an eco-friendly, green and cost-effective solution.
Structure, species composition, and soil properties of a dry tropical forest in Rajasthan Western... more Structure, species composition, and soil properties of a dry tropical forest in Rajasthan Western India, were examined by establishment of 2� plots. The forest was characterized by a relatively low canopy and a large number of smalldiameter trees. Mean canopy height for this forest was 10 m and stands contained an aver� age of 99� stems ha�1 (≥ 3.0 cm DBH); 52% of those stems were smaller than 10 cm DBH. The total basal area was 46.35 m2ha�1, of which Tectona grandis L. con� tributed 48%. The forest showed high species diversity of trees. 50 tree species (≥ 3.0 cm DBH) from 29 families were identified in the 25 sampling plots. T. grandis (20.81%) and Butea monosperma (9%) were the dominant and subdominant species in terms of importance value. The mean tree species diversity indices for the plots were 1.08 for Shannon diversity indexH´�, 0.71 for equitability indexJ´� and �.�7 for species richness indexS´�, all of which strongly declined with the increase of importance value of the d...
The study was carried out to determine the nutrient budget of plants, sediments and nutrient dyna... more The study was carried out to determine the nutrient budget of plants, sediments and nutrient dynamics in an Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., dominated forest in Vamleshwar near Narmada estuary, West Coast of Gujarat for a period of one year from November 2008 to October 2009. The average tree height of the mangrove is 1.5 to 2 m without much vertical stratification. Allometric methodology was used to measure the biomass, and yield a figure of 86.47 t ha-1 and the litter fall rate amounted to 2.9 t ha-1. Nutrient stocks of N, P and K in this mangrove were 137.05, 14.38 and 241.29 kg ha-1, with an annual accumulation of 55.74, 12.38 and 83.94 kg ha-1, and an annual return of 51.30, 10.83 and 13.52 kg ha-1, respectively, in the form of litter. The annual uptake for N, P and K were 61.04, 14.28 and 97.46 kg ha-1, and turnover rates of N, P and K were estimated at 3, 6 and 14 years, respectively, for the study period. Flow coefficients, which reveal the dynamic processes of nutrients be...
The heavy metals or trace elements play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the gr... more The heavy metals or trace elements play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the growth and development of plants, when available in appreciable concentration. The heavy metal concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) was analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer (ICPA) (Perkin-Elmer ICP Optima 3300 RL) in 18 vegetable crop plants and their parts along with their soil, collected from various agricultural fields around Anand province, Gujarat, India. The vegetables crop plants were Anthem (Anthum graveolens), Beat (Brassica oleracea), Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Chilli (Capsicum annum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum), Garlic (Alium sativum), Coccinia indica, Lufa (Luffa acutangula), Lady's Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus), Mint (Mentha piperata), Radish (Raphanus sativum), Spin...
Monthly and seasonal field sampling was conducted to characterize the variations in water column ... more Monthly and seasonal field sampling was conducted to characterize the variations in water column nutrients along four stations in the Mahi estuary, west coast of India from July 2008 to June 2009. Water samples from five stations were studied, from which Stations 1 and 2 are contaminated with effluents released by surrounding industrial complexes. The samples were analyzed for temperature and pH insitu, and salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, silicate-silicon, phosphate and calcium and magnesium, as per standard methods. The results showed an increased content of sulfate, nitrate, and total nitrogen in both Stations 1 and 2. The entire data has been factorized using principal component analysis to extract total variability and linear relationships for a set of different physico-chemical parameters of the Mahi estuarine system. The results revealed that all the physico-chemical processes depend on the seasonal fluctuations in freshw...
The aim of this work was to determine the consequences of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Pyre... more The aim of this work was to determine the consequences of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Pyrene in response to growth, pigments and metabolic study on Anabaena fertilissima Rao. Test organisms were treated at different doses and encountered LC50 (Lethal concentration at which 50% growth reduction occur) concentration separately at 1.5 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l respectively for Anabaena fertilissima Rao. The influence of Pyrene on growth, pigments, release of metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, phenols was carried out. The test doses caused a concentration dependent decrease in pigments like carotenoids and phycobilliproteins and showed more sensitivity to pyrene. Depletion of carbohydrate by 13% to 81% and proteins by 47% to 93% was encountered with rise in pyrene concentrations after 16th day of exposure. However, phenols were found to rise by 27% to 50% with increased pyrene concentrations on the contrary, amino acids were reported to decline by 79% to 92...
International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research
Rapid urbanization is essential for growth and economic viability at global level, promoting the ... more Rapid urbanization is essential for growth and economic viability at global level, promoting the extensive industrialization. Rapid industrialization also comes with more water demand with higher water pollution. Industrial wastewater may contain heavy metal, carcinogens, mutagens and radioactive materials which must be prevented to be incorporated into the food chain. Therefore, treatments of wastewater for removal of these toxicants are a necessary and unavoidable measure. There are various modes of treatments for removal of toxicants depending on the type of contaminants. It includes physical, chemical and biological treatment alone or in combination. Here a review is carried to identify major sources of industrial wastewaters with their major pollutants. Various studies are also considered in the review for determination of the hazardous effect of wastewater on ecosystems and biological systems. Details about treatments of wastewater based on the sources were also included. More...
This paper revises the fundamental facts about potentially toxic elements belonging to the group ... more This paper revises the fundamental facts about potentially toxic elements belonging to the group of heavy metals. The study highlights the ongoing soil pollution status affected by these non-biodegradable elements, the basic characteristics of these metals that make them toxic, their mode of accumulation in different trophic levels, their toxic effect on human beings and the probable remediation technologies being used to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metal when the pollution problem has evolved. The technologies focused on solidification, soil washing, soil flushing, electro-kinetic remediation and phytoremediation are presented. The choice of the technology to be used for remediation depends on the condition of the soil and the extent of contamination. Conventional electro-kinetics is the most effective and rapid technology, but on the scale of ecosystem restoration, phytoremediation is an eco-friendly, green and cost-effective solution.
Structure, species composition, and soil properties of a dry tropical forest in Rajasthan Western... more Structure, species composition, and soil properties of a dry tropical forest in Rajasthan Western India, were examined by establishment of 2� plots. The forest was characterized by a relatively low canopy and a large number of smalldiameter trees. Mean canopy height for this forest was 10 m and stands contained an aver� age of 99� stems ha�1 (≥ 3.0 cm DBH); 52% of those stems were smaller than 10 cm DBH. The total basal area was 46.35 m2ha�1, of which Tectona grandis L. con� tributed 48%. The forest showed high species diversity of trees. 50 tree species (≥ 3.0 cm DBH) from 29 families were identified in the 25 sampling plots. T. grandis (20.81%) and Butea monosperma (9%) were the dominant and subdominant species in terms of importance value. The mean tree species diversity indices for the plots were 1.08 for Shannon diversity indexH´�, 0.71 for equitability indexJ´� and �.�7 for species richness indexS´�, all of which strongly declined with the increase of importance value of the d...
The study was carried out to determine the nutrient budget of plants, sediments and nutrient dyna... more The study was carried out to determine the nutrient budget of plants, sediments and nutrient dynamics in an Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., dominated forest in Vamleshwar near Narmada estuary, West Coast of Gujarat for a period of one year from November 2008 to October 2009. The average tree height of the mangrove is 1.5 to 2 m without much vertical stratification. Allometric methodology was used to measure the biomass, and yield a figure of 86.47 t ha-1 and the litter fall rate amounted to 2.9 t ha-1. Nutrient stocks of N, P and K in this mangrove were 137.05, 14.38 and 241.29 kg ha-1, with an annual accumulation of 55.74, 12.38 and 83.94 kg ha-1, and an annual return of 51.30, 10.83 and 13.52 kg ha-1, respectively, in the form of litter. The annual uptake for N, P and K were 61.04, 14.28 and 97.46 kg ha-1, and turnover rates of N, P and K were estimated at 3, 6 and 14 years, respectively, for the study period. Flow coefficients, which reveal the dynamic processes of nutrients be...
The heavy metals or trace elements play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the gr... more The heavy metals or trace elements play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the growth and development of plants, when available in appreciable concentration. The heavy metal concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) was analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer (ICPA) (Perkin-Elmer ICP Optima 3300 RL) in 18 vegetable crop plants and their parts along with their soil, collected from various agricultural fields around Anand province, Gujarat, India. The vegetables crop plants were Anthem (Anthum graveolens), Beat (Brassica oleracea), Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Chilli (Capsicum annum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum), Garlic (Alium sativum), Coccinia indica, Lufa (Luffa acutangula), Lady's Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus), Mint (Mentha piperata), Radish (Raphanus sativum), Spin...
Monthly and seasonal field sampling was conducted to characterize the variations in water column ... more Monthly and seasonal field sampling was conducted to characterize the variations in water column nutrients along four stations in the Mahi estuary, west coast of India from July 2008 to June 2009. Water samples from five stations were studied, from which Stations 1 and 2 are contaminated with effluents released by surrounding industrial complexes. The samples were analyzed for temperature and pH insitu, and salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, silicate-silicon, phosphate and calcium and magnesium, as per standard methods. The results showed an increased content of sulfate, nitrate, and total nitrogen in both Stations 1 and 2. The entire data has been factorized using principal component analysis to extract total variability and linear relationships for a set of different physico-chemical parameters of the Mahi estuarine system. The results revealed that all the physico-chemical processes depend on the seasonal fluctuations in freshw...
The aim of this work was to determine the consequences of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Pyre... more The aim of this work was to determine the consequences of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Pyrene in response to growth, pigments and metabolic study on Anabaena fertilissima Rao. Test organisms were treated at different doses and encountered LC50 (Lethal concentration at which 50% growth reduction occur) concentration separately at 1.5 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l respectively for Anabaena fertilissima Rao. The influence of Pyrene on growth, pigments, release of metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, phenols was carried out. The test doses caused a concentration dependent decrease in pigments like carotenoids and phycobilliproteins and showed more sensitivity to pyrene. Depletion of carbohydrate by 13% to 81% and proteins by 47% to 93% was encountered with rise in pyrene concentrations after 16th day of exposure. However, phenols were found to rise by 27% to 50% with increased pyrene concentrations on the contrary, amino acids were reported to decline by 79% to 92...
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