To develop an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus There were used 17 r... more To develop an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus There were used 17 rats. Ten animals were inoculated with Taenia crassiceps cysts into the subarachnoid. Five animals were injected with 0.1ml of 25% kaolin (a standard solution for the development of experimental hydrocephalus) and two animals were injected with saline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate enlargement of the ventricles after one or three months of inoculation. Volumetric study was used to quantify the ventricle enlargement. Seven of the 10 animals in the cyst group developed hydrocephalus, two of them within one month and five within three months after inoculation. Three of the five animals in the kaolin group had hydrocephalus and none in the saline group. Ventricle volumes were significantly higher in the 3-months MRI cyst subgroup than in the 1-month cyst subgroup. Differences between cyst subgroups and kaolin group did not reach statistical significance. The developed model may reproduce the human condition of neurocysticercosis-related hydrocephalus, which exhibits a slowly progressive chronic course.
We refer to the effectiveness (known as pragmatic or real world) and efficacy (known as explanato... more We refer to the effectiveness (known as pragmatic or real world) and efficacy (known as explanatory or desired or ideal world) of interventions. However, these terms seem to be randomly chosen by investigators who design clinical trials and do not always reflect the true purpose of the study. A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary tool was thus developed with the aim of identifying the characteristics of clinical trials that distinguish between effectiveness and efficacy issues. We verified whether clinical trials used the criteria proposed by the indicator summary tool, and we categorized these clinical trials according to a new classification. A systematic survey of randomized clinical trials was performed. We added a score ranging from 0 (more efficacious) to 10 (more effective) to each domain of the indicator summary tool and proposed the following classifications: high efficacy (<25), moderate efficacy (25-50), moderate effectiveness (51-75), and high effectiven...
Patients with TIA have high risk of recurrent stroke and require rapid assessment and treatment. ... more Patients with TIA have high risk of recurrent stroke and require rapid assessment and treatment. The ABCD2 clinical risk prediction score is recommended for patient triage by stroke risk, but its ability to stratify by known risk factors and effect on clinic workload are unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies published between January 2005 and September 2014 that reported proportions of true TIA/minor stroke or mimics, risk factors, and recurrent stroke rates, dichotomized to ABCD2 score </≥4. We calculated the effect per 1,000 patients triaged on stroke prevention services. Twenty-nine studies, 13,766 TIA patients (range 69-1,679), were relevant: 48% calculated the ABCD2 score retrospectively; few reported on the ABCD2 score's ability to identify TIA mimics or use by nonspecialists. Meta-analysis showed that ABCD2 ≥4 was sensitive (86.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 81.4%-90.7%) but not specific (35.4%, 95% CI 33.3%-37.6%) for recurrent s...
With the purpose to verify clinical aspects of hydrocephalus (HC) in patients with neurocysticerc... more With the purpose to verify clinical aspects of hydrocephalus (HC) in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC), a retrospective study of 47 patients was performed. The majority of patients (70.2%) were men aging 21-50 years. Intracranial hypertension (ICH) occurred in all patients, headache (HA) in 42 (89.4%), meningoencephalitis (ME) in 38 (80.8%) and psychiatric disorders (PD) in 34 (72.3%). The cerebrospinal fluid syndrome of NCC was detected in 31 patients (65.9%). In addition to HC, computed tomography (CT) scans showed cystic lesions in 28 (59.6%) patients, diffuse brain edema also in 28 (59.6%), and calcifications in 26 (55.3%). Shunts were inserted in 41 (87.2%) patients and 22 (53.7%) of them were submitted to 1-7 surgical revision/patient (mean=3) that were higher (mean=4) in those who died than in survivors (mean=2). Evolution was satisfactory in 24 (51.1%) patients and fatal in 15 (31.9%). It is possible to conclude that, in patients with NCC, HC occurs predominantly in men...
To develop an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus There were used 17 r... more To develop an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus There were used 17 rats. Ten animals were inoculated with Taenia crassiceps cysts into the subarachnoid. Five animals were injected with 0.1ml of 25% kaolin (a standard solution for the development of experimental hydrocephalus) and two animals were injected with saline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate enlargement of the ventricles after one or three months of inoculation. Volumetric study was used to quantify the ventricle enlargement. Seven of the 10 animals in the cyst group developed hydrocephalus, two of them within one month and five within three months after inoculation. Three of the five animals in the kaolin group had hydrocephalus and none in the saline group. Ventricle volumes were significantly higher in the 3-months MRI cyst subgroup than in the 1-month cyst subgroup. Differences between cyst subgroups and kaolin group did not reach statistical significance. The developed model may reproduce the human condition of neurocysticercosis-related hydrocephalus, which exhibits a slowly progressive chronic course.
We refer to the effectiveness (known as pragmatic or real world) and efficacy (known as explanato... more We refer to the effectiveness (known as pragmatic or real world) and efficacy (known as explanatory or desired or ideal world) of interventions. However, these terms seem to be randomly chosen by investigators who design clinical trials and do not always reflect the true purpose of the study. A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary tool was thus developed with the aim of identifying the characteristics of clinical trials that distinguish between effectiveness and efficacy issues. We verified whether clinical trials used the criteria proposed by the indicator summary tool, and we categorized these clinical trials according to a new classification. A systematic survey of randomized clinical trials was performed. We added a score ranging from 0 (more efficacious) to 10 (more effective) to each domain of the indicator summary tool and proposed the following classifications: high efficacy (<25), moderate efficacy (25-50), moderate effectiveness (51-75), and high effectiven...
Patients with TIA have high risk of recurrent stroke and require rapid assessment and treatment. ... more Patients with TIA have high risk of recurrent stroke and require rapid assessment and treatment. The ABCD2 clinical risk prediction score is recommended for patient triage by stroke risk, but its ability to stratify by known risk factors and effect on clinic workload are unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies published between January 2005 and September 2014 that reported proportions of true TIA/minor stroke or mimics, risk factors, and recurrent stroke rates, dichotomized to ABCD2 score </≥4. We calculated the effect per 1,000 patients triaged on stroke prevention services. Twenty-nine studies, 13,766 TIA patients (range 69-1,679), were relevant: 48% calculated the ABCD2 score retrospectively; few reported on the ABCD2 score's ability to identify TIA mimics or use by nonspecialists. Meta-analysis showed that ABCD2 ≥4 was sensitive (86.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 81.4%-90.7%) but not specific (35.4%, 95% CI 33.3%-37.6%) for recurrent s...
With the purpose to verify clinical aspects of hydrocephalus (HC) in patients with neurocysticerc... more With the purpose to verify clinical aspects of hydrocephalus (HC) in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC), a retrospective study of 47 patients was performed. The majority of patients (70.2%) were men aging 21-50 years. Intracranial hypertension (ICH) occurred in all patients, headache (HA) in 42 (89.4%), meningoencephalitis (ME) in 38 (80.8%) and psychiatric disorders (PD) in 34 (72.3%). The cerebrospinal fluid syndrome of NCC was detected in 31 patients (65.9%). In addition to HC, computed tomography (CT) scans showed cystic lesions in 28 (59.6%) patients, diffuse brain edema also in 28 (59.6%), and calcifications in 26 (55.3%). Shunts were inserted in 41 (87.2%) patients and 22 (53.7%) of them were submitted to 1-7 surgical revision/patient (mean=3) that were higher (mean=4) in those who died than in survivors (mean=2). Evolution was satisfactory in 24 (51.1%) patients and fatal in 15 (31.9%). It is possible to conclude that, in patients with NCC, HC occurs predominantly in men...
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