Journal of the International Society for Telemedicine and eHealth, 2017
In the broad field of injury and traumatology, injuries affecting the maxillo-facial region have ... more In the broad field of injury and traumatology, injuries affecting the maxillo-facial region have an important role: dental trauma (DT) makes up 35% of facial injuries, and 31-39% of dental emergencies are consequences of DT. Dental trauma is injury to the soft tissue as well as the teeth. Although in the majority of cases dental trauma is not fatal, it still may cause some long-lasting psychological or physical damage to the victims. Consequently, DT is recognised as a major dental public health problem worldwide. However, lack of data reduces the timeliness and effectiveness of dental trauma research. Thus the ‘Dental Trauma Tracker’ project was established to promote the development of research in dental trauma. The aim of this project was to implement a mobile phone-based application for the epidemiologic surveillance of dental and maxillo-facial trauma. The Dental Trauma Tracker application takes advantage of mobile phone data capture capabilities (text, photo, video, and audio)...
The emphasis of Australian Government policy is on the promotion of good health in later life and... more The emphasis of Australian Government policy is on the promotion of good health in later life and positive experiences with ageing. Conceptually, a new gerontology framework has replaced the study of disease, decline, loss and disability. Within this framework, health promotion offers a mechanism by which individuals can be assisted to create environments that offer better opportunities for continued participation in society and improved quality of health and self-care. Oral health is instrumental to older people's health, life satisfaction, quality of life and perception of self. Australia is culturally diverse, composed of numerous ethno-cultural groups coexisting within a larger, predominant culture, creating a multicultural and multiracial society. However, despite this cultural diversity, the well documented ageing profile of the Australian population and repeated calls for comprehensive geriatric assessment, the oral health of older adults remains a challenge for oral heal...
From the earliest times, humans have shown concern for oral diseases and how to repair their effe... more From the earliest times, humans have shown concern for oral diseases and how to repair their effects. Archaeological findings show signs of dental caries in several ancient cultures, with the earliest evidence of any dental intervention found in a pair of 13,000-year-old teeth in Italy. By the middle of the twentieth century, dentistry had become well established as a technical expertise where the dentist could perform delicate operative procedures in the oral cavity. The focus shifted from the surgical to the restorative, which allowed restoring damaged teeth, with the aim of keeping the teeth functioning in the mouth. While modern oral health care has benefited enormously from advances such as fluoridation, the oral health professions still face significant challenges, such as the major inequalities in oral health, both within and between countries in terms of disease severity and prevalence. Looking to the future, there are key trends which will greatly influence how oral health care is conceptualised and organised, how oral health care personnel are trained and how they will deliver health services to the population. These trends are: the pervasive use of communication and information technologies, world globalisation and migratory movements, the ageing of the world population and climate change.
Oral health care offers a wide variety of roles for those considering a career in the oral health... more Oral health care offers a wide variety of roles for those considering a career in the oral health professions. Although the titles and definitions of these professions vary between countries, they are generally described as dental surgeons or dentists, specialist dentists, dental therapists/oral health therapists, dental hygienists, dental technicians, dental prosthetists, and dental assistants. Students considering a career in oral health should note the various different professions and understand that each one is defined by the education and training required. The educational pathway for each profession also varies considerably between countries. For example, in many countries, dental surgeons or dentists are required to complete a 5 or 6 year full-time university degree. In the USA and some European countries, students must undertake a two-part or graduate degree structure, completing a Bachelor degree (e.g., Bachelor in Biomedical Sciences) before progressing to a 4-year profes...
Venereology-the Interdisciplinary International Journal of Sexual Health, 1999
In this paper the authors investigated the place of sexual health within the wider context of men... more In this paper the authors investigated the place of sexual health within the wider context of mens health concerns and explored whether mens health concerns and health service preferences differed according to ethnicity. Data are drawn from a larger study conducted during 1995 and 1996 which examined culture gender and perceptions of risk of sexually transmissible diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS. A questionnaire was administered to 536 men aged 18-45 living in Melbourne Australia from Chilean Greek (second generation) Turkish Vietnamese and Anglo-Saxon/Celtic backgrounds. The authors compare key findings with those from a previous companion study with women from the same ethnic backgrounds. Men and women were similar in that neither group singled out sexual health or STDs as a key concern. Overall men and women shared high levels of knowledge about STDs and HIV/AIDS. However while both men and women identified their family doctor as a key source of information and treatment for s...
Oral health practice is subject to specific laws and regulations. Clinicians need to be aware of ... more Oral health practice is subject to specific laws and regulations. Clinicians need to be aware of a range of issues involving malpractice and complaints that impact on operations and the provision of health services to their patients. This chapter presents an overview of some of the licensing and regulatory practices for Oral Health Professionals (OHPs) around the world, including some specific examples from Australia and Chile, as case studies. The chapter also provides an overview of major areas of the law from a global perspective, with attention to oral health. The primary objective of these laws and regulations is the protection of the health and safety of the public. As the political and socio-demographic framework or conditions change, these guidelines, laws, and regulations should also evolve, but must continue to ensure high standards of safety in health service delivery.
To determine the prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis in the permanent dentition of childr... more To determine the prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis in the permanent dentition of children aged 6-9 years old exposed to fluoride through a milk fluoridation programme in Codegua, Chile. A survey was conducted in 2002 of a sample of school children living in Codegua (n = 215) and La Punta, the control community (n = 206) to compare enamel fluorosis data with those obtained in 1994. Dean's criteria were followed to assess enamel fluorosis. It was found that 16.4% of the children aged 6-9 years from Codegua had questionable fluorosis in 2002, while in 1999 10.3% were classified in this category. In addition, 7.9% and 1.3% of the children in 2002 and 1994, respectively, had at least very mild fluorosis. These increments were not observed in the control community. Comparison of mean community fluorosis indices (CFI) between the children in 2002 (CFI = 0.18) and those in 1994 (CFI = 0.06) was found to be significant (p < 0.001). For La Punta, no statistically significant ...
To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of an ambulant population of older adults, l... more To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of an ambulant population of older adults, living in the Maule Region, Chile, and provide descriptive information on its distribution by selected socio-demographic characteristics. The source of primary data was the Regional Oral Health Survey. A stratified random sample of 438 older adults, aged 65-74 years, living independently in the community was orally examined, and underwent an oral health interview. The sample was largely a dentate one (74.9%); with a mean DMFT score of 25.7 (s.d. 6.5) and an average number of missing teeth of 22.4 (s.d. 5.8). Dentate participants had 41% of their restorative care needs unmet, and 68.4% needed oral hygiene instruction plus removal of calculus on their teeth. Almost 30.1% required complex periodontal therapy. 21% of those fully edentulous were in need of full dentures. Comparing these findings with existing data on the oral health of older adults in Chile, participants in this study appear t...
ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on male sex work... more ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on male sex workers. This review includes developing a model which can be used to research and explain the factors influencing safe sex outcomes in male-to-male sex work. A review of current research knowledge on the socio-demographic content, the sex work context, the personal internal mediating context, the sex worker/client interaction context, and the structure context is presented, and suggestions to guide future research on male sex work outlined.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2012
Demarcated hypomineralization lesions are not uncommon in second primary molars. Data on the prev... more Demarcated hypomineralization lesions are not uncommon in second primary molars. Data on the prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) are scarce. To investigate the prevalence of HSPM, assess the relationship between HSPM and first permanent molars previously diagnosed with demarcated lesions and to determine the severity of HSPM in relation to dental caries severity. A cluster sample of 809, 7- to 9-year-old children was examined. The scoring criteria proposed by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry for hypomineralization in permanent dentition were adapted to score HSPMs. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System was used to assess caries status in the second primary molar of the children diagnosed with demarcated defects. The examination was carried out in schools by a calibrated dentist. Of the children examined, 53 (6.6%) had hypomineralization defects in at least one second primary molar. Combinations of affected first permanent and second primary molars were reported in 21 (39.6%) of cases. Severe carious lesions were found mostly in teeth with enamel breakdown. The prevalence of HSPM was 6.6%. Over one-third of affected second primary molars were associated with demarcated lesions in the first permanent molars. The chance of severe caries increased with the increase in the demarcated lesion severity.
To determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experi... more To determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experience in adults and older adults from central Chile. A sample of 453 adults, 35-44 years of age, and 438 older adults, 65-74 years of age, was interviewed and examined using World Health Organisation (WHO) methods. Sociodemographic variables were also registered. Caries experience was assessed using the Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT) index. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine whether there was an association between the independent variables and caries experience. Caries prevalence was 99.6% for adults [DMFT score = 14.89 (±6.16)] and 99.8% for older adults [DMFT score = 25.68 (±6.49)]. Less than half of the population - 41.7% of adults and 31.5% of older adults - received dental care. Regardless of the age group, there were no differences in the DMFT score between those who received and those who did not receive attention (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). When the DMFT findings were analysed in greater detail, people who received dental care and urban participants had more fillings (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than did those who were not provided with attention or lived in rural areas, who, in turn, had more missing teeth (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). A higher educational level was associated with a decrease of 1.15 DMFT points (P = 0.003) in the group of older adults. Adults and older adults from the Maule Region showed severe dental damage from caries. Although rurality and use of services do not seem to affect caries experience, they are associated with differences in fillings and missing teeth.
Journal of the International Society for Telemedicine and eHealth, 2017
In the broad field of injury and traumatology, injuries affecting the maxillo-facial region have ... more In the broad field of injury and traumatology, injuries affecting the maxillo-facial region have an important role: dental trauma (DT) makes up 35% of facial injuries, and 31-39% of dental emergencies are consequences of DT. Dental trauma is injury to the soft tissue as well as the teeth. Although in the majority of cases dental trauma is not fatal, it still may cause some long-lasting psychological or physical damage to the victims. Consequently, DT is recognised as a major dental public health problem worldwide. However, lack of data reduces the timeliness and effectiveness of dental trauma research. Thus the ‘Dental Trauma Tracker’ project was established to promote the development of research in dental trauma. The aim of this project was to implement a mobile phone-based application for the epidemiologic surveillance of dental and maxillo-facial trauma. The Dental Trauma Tracker application takes advantage of mobile phone data capture capabilities (text, photo, video, and audio)...
The emphasis of Australian Government policy is on the promotion of good health in later life and... more The emphasis of Australian Government policy is on the promotion of good health in later life and positive experiences with ageing. Conceptually, a new gerontology framework has replaced the study of disease, decline, loss and disability. Within this framework, health promotion offers a mechanism by which individuals can be assisted to create environments that offer better opportunities for continued participation in society and improved quality of health and self-care. Oral health is instrumental to older people's health, life satisfaction, quality of life and perception of self. Australia is culturally diverse, composed of numerous ethno-cultural groups coexisting within a larger, predominant culture, creating a multicultural and multiracial society. However, despite this cultural diversity, the well documented ageing profile of the Australian population and repeated calls for comprehensive geriatric assessment, the oral health of older adults remains a challenge for oral heal...
From the earliest times, humans have shown concern for oral diseases and how to repair their effe... more From the earliest times, humans have shown concern for oral diseases and how to repair their effects. Archaeological findings show signs of dental caries in several ancient cultures, with the earliest evidence of any dental intervention found in a pair of 13,000-year-old teeth in Italy. By the middle of the twentieth century, dentistry had become well established as a technical expertise where the dentist could perform delicate operative procedures in the oral cavity. The focus shifted from the surgical to the restorative, which allowed restoring damaged teeth, with the aim of keeping the teeth functioning in the mouth. While modern oral health care has benefited enormously from advances such as fluoridation, the oral health professions still face significant challenges, such as the major inequalities in oral health, both within and between countries in terms of disease severity and prevalence. Looking to the future, there are key trends which will greatly influence how oral health care is conceptualised and organised, how oral health care personnel are trained and how they will deliver health services to the population. These trends are: the pervasive use of communication and information technologies, world globalisation and migratory movements, the ageing of the world population and climate change.
Oral health care offers a wide variety of roles for those considering a career in the oral health... more Oral health care offers a wide variety of roles for those considering a career in the oral health professions. Although the titles and definitions of these professions vary between countries, they are generally described as dental surgeons or dentists, specialist dentists, dental therapists/oral health therapists, dental hygienists, dental technicians, dental prosthetists, and dental assistants. Students considering a career in oral health should note the various different professions and understand that each one is defined by the education and training required. The educational pathway for each profession also varies considerably between countries. For example, in many countries, dental surgeons or dentists are required to complete a 5 or 6 year full-time university degree. In the USA and some European countries, students must undertake a two-part or graduate degree structure, completing a Bachelor degree (e.g., Bachelor in Biomedical Sciences) before progressing to a 4-year profes...
Venereology-the Interdisciplinary International Journal of Sexual Health, 1999
In this paper the authors investigated the place of sexual health within the wider context of men... more In this paper the authors investigated the place of sexual health within the wider context of mens health concerns and explored whether mens health concerns and health service preferences differed according to ethnicity. Data are drawn from a larger study conducted during 1995 and 1996 which examined culture gender and perceptions of risk of sexually transmissible diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS. A questionnaire was administered to 536 men aged 18-45 living in Melbourne Australia from Chilean Greek (second generation) Turkish Vietnamese and Anglo-Saxon/Celtic backgrounds. The authors compare key findings with those from a previous companion study with women from the same ethnic backgrounds. Men and women were similar in that neither group singled out sexual health or STDs as a key concern. Overall men and women shared high levels of knowledge about STDs and HIV/AIDS. However while both men and women identified their family doctor as a key source of information and treatment for s...
Oral health practice is subject to specific laws and regulations. Clinicians need to be aware of ... more Oral health practice is subject to specific laws and regulations. Clinicians need to be aware of a range of issues involving malpractice and complaints that impact on operations and the provision of health services to their patients. This chapter presents an overview of some of the licensing and regulatory practices for Oral Health Professionals (OHPs) around the world, including some specific examples from Australia and Chile, as case studies. The chapter also provides an overview of major areas of the law from a global perspective, with attention to oral health. The primary objective of these laws and regulations is the protection of the health and safety of the public. As the political and socio-demographic framework or conditions change, these guidelines, laws, and regulations should also evolve, but must continue to ensure high standards of safety in health service delivery.
To determine the prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis in the permanent dentition of childr... more To determine the prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis in the permanent dentition of children aged 6-9 years old exposed to fluoride through a milk fluoridation programme in Codegua, Chile. A survey was conducted in 2002 of a sample of school children living in Codegua (n = 215) and La Punta, the control community (n = 206) to compare enamel fluorosis data with those obtained in 1994. Dean's criteria were followed to assess enamel fluorosis. It was found that 16.4% of the children aged 6-9 years from Codegua had questionable fluorosis in 2002, while in 1999 10.3% were classified in this category. In addition, 7.9% and 1.3% of the children in 2002 and 1994, respectively, had at least very mild fluorosis. These increments were not observed in the control community. Comparison of mean community fluorosis indices (CFI) between the children in 2002 (CFI = 0.18) and those in 1994 (CFI = 0.06) was found to be significant (p < 0.001). For La Punta, no statistically significant ...
To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of an ambulant population of older adults, l... more To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of an ambulant population of older adults, living in the Maule Region, Chile, and provide descriptive information on its distribution by selected socio-demographic characteristics. The source of primary data was the Regional Oral Health Survey. A stratified random sample of 438 older adults, aged 65-74 years, living independently in the community was orally examined, and underwent an oral health interview. The sample was largely a dentate one (74.9%); with a mean DMFT score of 25.7 (s.d. 6.5) and an average number of missing teeth of 22.4 (s.d. 5.8). Dentate participants had 41% of their restorative care needs unmet, and 68.4% needed oral hygiene instruction plus removal of calculus on their teeth. Almost 30.1% required complex periodontal therapy. 21% of those fully edentulous were in need of full dentures. Comparing these findings with existing data on the oral health of older adults in Chile, participants in this study appear t...
ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on male sex work... more ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on male sex workers. This review includes developing a model which can be used to research and explain the factors influencing safe sex outcomes in male-to-male sex work. A review of current research knowledge on the socio-demographic content, the sex work context, the personal internal mediating context, the sex worker/client interaction context, and the structure context is presented, and suggestions to guide future research on male sex work outlined.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2012
Demarcated hypomineralization lesions are not uncommon in second primary molars. Data on the prev... more Demarcated hypomineralization lesions are not uncommon in second primary molars. Data on the prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) are scarce. To investigate the prevalence of HSPM, assess the relationship between HSPM and first permanent molars previously diagnosed with demarcated lesions and to determine the severity of HSPM in relation to dental caries severity. A cluster sample of 809, 7- to 9-year-old children was examined. The scoring criteria proposed by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry for hypomineralization in permanent dentition were adapted to score HSPMs. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System was used to assess caries status in the second primary molar of the children diagnosed with demarcated defects. The examination was carried out in schools by a calibrated dentist. Of the children examined, 53 (6.6%) had hypomineralization defects in at least one second primary molar. Combinations of affected first permanent and second primary molars were reported in 21 (39.6%) of cases. Severe carious lesions were found mostly in teeth with enamel breakdown. The prevalence of HSPM was 6.6%. Over one-third of affected second primary molars were associated with demarcated lesions in the first permanent molars. The chance of severe caries increased with the increase in the demarcated lesion severity.
To determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experi... more To determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experience in adults and older adults from central Chile. A sample of 453 adults, 35-44 years of age, and 438 older adults, 65-74 years of age, was interviewed and examined using World Health Organisation (WHO) methods. Sociodemographic variables were also registered. Caries experience was assessed using the Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT) index. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine whether there was an association between the independent variables and caries experience. Caries prevalence was 99.6% for adults [DMFT score = 14.89 (±6.16)] and 99.8% for older adults [DMFT score = 25.68 (±6.49)]. Less than half of the population - 41.7% of adults and 31.5% of older adults - received dental care. Regardless of the age group, there were no differences in the DMFT score between those who received and those who did not receive attention (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). When the DMFT findings were analysed in greater detail, people who received dental care and urban participants had more fillings (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than did those who were not provided with attention or lived in rural areas, who, in turn, had more missing teeth (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). A higher educational level was associated with a decrease of 1.15 DMFT points (P = 0.003) in the group of older adults. Adults and older adults from the Maule Region showed severe dental damage from caries. Although rurality and use of services do not seem to affect caries experience, they are associated with differences in fillings and missing teeth.
Uploads
Papers by Rodrigo Mariño