Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2011
White seabass Atractoscion nobilis reared at a production and research hatchery have been observe... more White seabass Atractoscion nobilis reared at a production and research hatchery have been observed to occasionally suffer from ocular emphysemas. To identify a possible cause of these lesions, cultured juvenile white seabass were exposed to five gas saturation levels between 98% and 122% total gas pressure (TGP). Experiments were run for 96 h using fish weighing 3 and 22 g at
Cultured juvenile white seabass Atractoscion nobilis (WSB) can suffer from intraocular emphysemas... more Cultured juvenile white seabass Atractoscion nobilis (WSB) can suffer from intraocular emphysemas and exophthalmia in the hatchery environment. To identify the cause, two size-groups of WSB were exposed to five gas saturation levels, ranging from 98% to 122% total gas pressure (TGP), over a 96-h exposure period in 18 degrees C and 23 degrees C seawater. Histological examination revealed that the gross and subgross lesions associated with gas supersaturation included corneal and orbital emphysema, along with subretinal, optic nerve, and iridial hemorrhage. Corneal emphysema was the most prominent gross lesion, with the severity and prevalence increasing between size-groups and water temperatures as TGP increased. Following the same pattern was orbital emphysema, which affected more than 93% of the fish examined and caused hemorrhage in the subretinal space, around the optic nerve, in the iris, or a combination thereof. Iridial hemorrhage occurred in 91% of the fish examined and decreased significantly with fish size. The prevalence and severity of hemorrhage in the subretinal space increased significantly with TGP and fish size but not with temperature. Optic nerve hemorrhage was absent in small fish exposed at 18 degrees C but increased significantly with temperature and fish size. The reverse was true for the large fish.
ABSTRACT To test feeding selectivity, the diets of three surface-migrating myctophids [Myctophum ... more ABSTRACT To test feeding selectivity, the diets of three surface-migrating myctophids [Myctophum nitidulum (n = 299), Symbolophorus reversus (n = 199), and Gonichthys tenuiculus (n = 82)] were compared to zooplankton prey collections at 32 stations in the eastern Pacific Ocean, August–November 2006. Myctophum nitidulum fed predominately on copepods (42.7 % by number) and ostracods (41.5 %), selected amphipods (p = 0.002) and ostracods (p = 0.014), and avoided copepods (p < 0.001). Symbolophorus reversus fed on copepods (32.5 % by number) and euphausiids (29.6 %) and selected euphausiids (p = 0.002) and amphipods (p = 0.008). Gonichthys tenuiculus fed on ostracods (34.6 %) and amphipods (27.3 %), but showed no significant selectivity.
Page 1. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 14(1): 54-71, 1994 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHEMORECEPTOR... more Page 1. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 14(1): 54-71, 1994 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHEMORECEPTORS IN SCAVENGING LYSIANASSOID AMPHIPODS Ronald S. Kaufmann ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Food ...
Mobile epibenthic megafauna are important components of many deep-sea communities, yet direct obs... more Mobile epibenthic megafauna are important components of many deep-sea communities, yet direct observations of their activities and estimates of their potential impact on benthic processes are scarce. To address this deficiency we deployed a time-lapse camera ...
Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers
ABSTRACT An integrated study using an acoustic array, opening-closing trawl and baited traps was ... more ABSTRACT An integrated study using an acoustic array, opening-closing trawl and baited traps was conducted at an abyssal station in the central North Pacific (31°N, 159°W) to further characterize the near-bottom community. Two split-beam line arrays with beam patterns narrow in the vertical and omnidirectional in the horizontal were moored at 100 and 600 m above bottom (mab), sampling an insonified volume of 7855 m3 each. In addition, a multiple opening-closing trawl (10 m2 mouth opening) and baited traps were used to sample the fauna up to 1800 mab. Fourteen deployments of the acoustic arrays during two cruises detected 26 targets, with twice as many at 100 mab as at 600 mab (2.10 vs 0.97 targets h−1). Backscatter strengths for acoustic targets ranged from −57.2 to −26.8 dB. A total of 31 species, at least eight previously undescribed, were identified from trawl and trap collections within 1800 m of the sea floor. Of these new species, four of the decapod genus Hymenodora and one eel, Monognathus rosenblatti, were the most abundant animals collected by trawl. Other species commonly collected in baited traps included Acanthephyra quadrispinosa (Crustacea, Decapoda), Eurythenes gryllus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), and Coryphaenoides yaquinae (Osteichthyes, Macrouridae). Acoustic target abundances ranged from 0 to 1.6 animals per 105 m3 per deployment, while values measured with the trawl ranged from 1.4 to 11.9 animals per 105 m3. Biomass of the acoustic targets, estimated using a tentative identification based on size, and a series of regressions based on target strength and animal length and weight, ranged from 0 to 72.3 g wet weight per 105 m3. Biomass estimates from the trawl samples ranged from 0.2 to 6.7 g wet weight per 105 m3. The large number of new species collected during this study and the variability in sampling sparse populations using three different sampling techniques illustrate how little we know about the abyssopelagic community.
Edwardsiella andrillae is a sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) only known to live embed... more Edwardsiella andrillae is a sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) only known to live embedded in the ice at the seawater interface on the underside of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Although the anatomy and morphological characteristics of E. andrillae have been described, the adaptations of this species to the under-ice ecosystem have yet to be examined. One feature that may be important to the physiology and ecology of E. andrillae is its microbiome, which may play a role in health and survival, as has been deduced in other metazoans, including anthozoans. Here we describe the microbiome of five specimens of E. andrillae, compare the diversity we recovered to that known for temperate anemones and another Antarctic cnidarian, and consider the phylogenetic and functional implications of microbial diversity for these animals. The E. andrillae microbiome was relatively low in diversity, with seven phyla detected, yet included substantial phylogenetic novelty. Among the five an...
ABSTRACT A review of the literature and unpublished data has identified 1045 species of plants, i... more ABSTRACT A review of the literature and unpublished data has identified 1045 species of plants, invertebrates and fishes collected from more than 100 seamounts worldwide at depths of 29 to 3800 m. Cnidarians and decapod crustaceans among invertebrates, and scorpaenids and morids among fishes, were the most widely distributed groups on seamounts, according to published reports. Biota of seamounts is dominated by organisms inhabiting the nearest continental areas, especially at high latitudes. On shallow seamounts (<1000 m) provincial species with distributions limited to the region in which the seamount is located and widespread/cosmopolitan species are nearly equally represented. On deeper seamounts, the widespread/cosmopolitan categories dominate. Seamounts appear to provide "stepping stones" for trans-oceanic dispersal in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Dispersal onto seamounts probably occurs both actively (swimming) and passively )drift of pelagic and planktonic stages). Seamount endemism is estimated maximally at 15.4% among invertebrates and 11.6% among fishes. Population divergence and possibly speciation have occurred on seamounts of varying depths and distances from continental margins.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2011
White seabass Atractoscion nobilis reared at a production and research hatchery have been observe... more White seabass Atractoscion nobilis reared at a production and research hatchery have been observed to occasionally suffer from ocular emphysemas. To identify a possible cause of these lesions, cultured juvenile white seabass were exposed to five gas saturation levels between 98% and 122% total gas pressure (TGP). Experiments were run for 96 h using fish weighing 3 and 22 g at
Cultured juvenile white seabass Atractoscion nobilis (WSB) can suffer from intraocular emphysemas... more Cultured juvenile white seabass Atractoscion nobilis (WSB) can suffer from intraocular emphysemas and exophthalmia in the hatchery environment. To identify the cause, two size-groups of WSB were exposed to five gas saturation levels, ranging from 98% to 122% total gas pressure (TGP), over a 96-h exposure period in 18 degrees C and 23 degrees C seawater. Histological examination revealed that the gross and subgross lesions associated with gas supersaturation included corneal and orbital emphysema, along with subretinal, optic nerve, and iridial hemorrhage. Corneal emphysema was the most prominent gross lesion, with the severity and prevalence increasing between size-groups and water temperatures as TGP increased. Following the same pattern was orbital emphysema, which affected more than 93% of the fish examined and caused hemorrhage in the subretinal space, around the optic nerve, in the iris, or a combination thereof. Iridial hemorrhage occurred in 91% of the fish examined and decreased significantly with fish size. The prevalence and severity of hemorrhage in the subretinal space increased significantly with TGP and fish size but not with temperature. Optic nerve hemorrhage was absent in small fish exposed at 18 degrees C but increased significantly with temperature and fish size. The reverse was true for the large fish.
ABSTRACT To test feeding selectivity, the diets of three surface-migrating myctophids [Myctophum ... more ABSTRACT To test feeding selectivity, the diets of three surface-migrating myctophids [Myctophum nitidulum (n = 299), Symbolophorus reversus (n = 199), and Gonichthys tenuiculus (n = 82)] were compared to zooplankton prey collections at 32 stations in the eastern Pacific Ocean, August–November 2006. Myctophum nitidulum fed predominately on copepods (42.7 % by number) and ostracods (41.5 %), selected amphipods (p = 0.002) and ostracods (p = 0.014), and avoided copepods (p < 0.001). Symbolophorus reversus fed on copepods (32.5 % by number) and euphausiids (29.6 %) and selected euphausiids (p = 0.002) and amphipods (p = 0.008). Gonichthys tenuiculus fed on ostracods (34.6 %) and amphipods (27.3 %), but showed no significant selectivity.
Page 1. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 14(1): 54-71, 1994 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHEMORECEPTOR... more Page 1. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 14(1): 54-71, 1994 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHEMORECEPTORS IN SCAVENGING LYSIANASSOID AMPHIPODS Ronald S. Kaufmann ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Food ...
Mobile epibenthic megafauna are important components of many deep-sea communities, yet direct obs... more Mobile epibenthic megafauna are important components of many deep-sea communities, yet direct observations of their activities and estimates of their potential impact on benthic processes are scarce. To address this deficiency we deployed a time-lapse camera ...
Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers
ABSTRACT An integrated study using an acoustic array, opening-closing trawl and baited traps was ... more ABSTRACT An integrated study using an acoustic array, opening-closing trawl and baited traps was conducted at an abyssal station in the central North Pacific (31°N, 159°W) to further characterize the near-bottom community. Two split-beam line arrays with beam patterns narrow in the vertical and omnidirectional in the horizontal were moored at 100 and 600 m above bottom (mab), sampling an insonified volume of 7855 m3 each. In addition, a multiple opening-closing trawl (10 m2 mouth opening) and baited traps were used to sample the fauna up to 1800 mab. Fourteen deployments of the acoustic arrays during two cruises detected 26 targets, with twice as many at 100 mab as at 600 mab (2.10 vs 0.97 targets h−1). Backscatter strengths for acoustic targets ranged from −57.2 to −26.8 dB. A total of 31 species, at least eight previously undescribed, were identified from trawl and trap collections within 1800 m of the sea floor. Of these new species, four of the decapod genus Hymenodora and one eel, Monognathus rosenblatti, were the most abundant animals collected by trawl. Other species commonly collected in baited traps included Acanthephyra quadrispinosa (Crustacea, Decapoda), Eurythenes gryllus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), and Coryphaenoides yaquinae (Osteichthyes, Macrouridae). Acoustic target abundances ranged from 0 to 1.6 animals per 105 m3 per deployment, while values measured with the trawl ranged from 1.4 to 11.9 animals per 105 m3. Biomass of the acoustic targets, estimated using a tentative identification based on size, and a series of regressions based on target strength and animal length and weight, ranged from 0 to 72.3 g wet weight per 105 m3. Biomass estimates from the trawl samples ranged from 0.2 to 6.7 g wet weight per 105 m3. The large number of new species collected during this study and the variability in sampling sparse populations using three different sampling techniques illustrate how little we know about the abyssopelagic community.
Edwardsiella andrillae is a sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) only known to live embed... more Edwardsiella andrillae is a sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) only known to live embedded in the ice at the seawater interface on the underside of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Although the anatomy and morphological characteristics of E. andrillae have been described, the adaptations of this species to the under-ice ecosystem have yet to be examined. One feature that may be important to the physiology and ecology of E. andrillae is its microbiome, which may play a role in health and survival, as has been deduced in other metazoans, including anthozoans. Here we describe the microbiome of five specimens of E. andrillae, compare the diversity we recovered to that known for temperate anemones and another Antarctic cnidarian, and consider the phylogenetic and functional implications of microbial diversity for these animals. The E. andrillae microbiome was relatively low in diversity, with seven phyla detected, yet included substantial phylogenetic novelty. Among the five an...
ABSTRACT A review of the literature and unpublished data has identified 1045 species of plants, i... more ABSTRACT A review of the literature and unpublished data has identified 1045 species of plants, invertebrates and fishes collected from more than 100 seamounts worldwide at depths of 29 to 3800 m. Cnidarians and decapod crustaceans among invertebrates, and scorpaenids and morids among fishes, were the most widely distributed groups on seamounts, according to published reports. Biota of seamounts is dominated by organisms inhabiting the nearest continental areas, especially at high latitudes. On shallow seamounts (<1000 m) provincial species with distributions limited to the region in which the seamount is located and widespread/cosmopolitan species are nearly equally represented. On deeper seamounts, the widespread/cosmopolitan categories dominate. Seamounts appear to provide "stepping stones" for trans-oceanic dispersal in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Dispersal onto seamounts probably occurs both actively (swimming) and passively )drift of pelagic and planktonic stages). Seamount endemism is estimated maximally at 15.4% among invertebrates and 11.6% among fishes. Population divergence and possibly speciation have occurred on seamounts of varying depths and distances from continental margins.
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Papers by Ronald Kaufmann