There are many regions in Indonesia where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some ... more There are many regions in Indonesia where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some still do not enjoy access to electricity. Low electrification is especially felt by Indonesians living in 3T areas (terdepan/frontier, terluar/outermost, and tertinggal/disadvantaged). On the other side, as archipelagic and tropical country, Indonesia has high potential in the development of renewable energy for electrical generation especially solar energy. This study aims to design a solar home & pumping system (SHPS) model and assess its feasibility. In this concept SHPS scheme is purposed to provide electricity access to 3T community for the needs of lighting and access to clean water. A total of 4 units of 3 watt LED lights integrated with batteries are used for lighting each household, while a 600 watt water pump can be used communally for 150 households. Both LED light and water pump are supplied with electrical energy from their respective solar panels. There are 3 scenarios in the implementation of SHPS for a total of 150 households with a discount rate for investments of 10%. Full grant by the government/private sector with a budget of Rp 480.5 million is the most recommended scenario. Another advantage of SHPS is environmentally friendly.
The lack of electricity supply from PLN (The Indonesia State Electricity Enterprise) due to the r... more The lack of electricity supply from PLN (The Indonesia State Electricity Enterprise) due to the remote and far geographical location, Some of the BTS rely on diesel generators as the main power plant. So, the cost of electricity generation in the BTS is very high because of the high cost of transportation of these fuels. Therefore, to make efficient use of diesel fuel requires a renewable energy-based power generation model by utilizing the natural potential around the area. This study to analyse the system models hybridization of Photovoltaic System with Palm oil Diesel (POD) to get power plants that have high reliability, low energy costs and low emissions for powering BTS in remote area located at a Sungai Ketupak Village of Ogan Komering Ilir-South Sumatera (Latitude 3o19.9’S and Longitude 105o38.9’E). The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable Energy (HOMER) has been carried out to obtain an optimal design based on energy cost/kWh, annual operating costs, the daily loads demand, the NPV cost. The combination PV system and palm oil diesel will provide benefits for telecommunications companies in the savings for fuel generators. This system could also reduce gas emissions from hydrocarbon fuels. Therefore, the join of PV and palm oil diesel systems shows a good prospect of alternative energy for BTS tower energy sources.
The increasing use and use of electricity in Indonesia causes the potential for greater losses in... more The increasing use and use of electricity in Indonesia causes the potential for greater losses in the transmission and distribution system. This causes many problems that arise, one of which is the corona in the transmission and distribution system. Corona mapping can only be detected through several ways, namely sound, light and distinctive smell. In this thesis, the aim is to detect the corona with the characteristics of a distinctive sense of smell, then the results of the detection are compared with the calculated corona losses. This distinctive odor is the smell of ozone which is produced from ionization at high voltage with the surrounding air, namely oxygen to form ozone molecules that are not permanent. The metal electrode to be tested is the copper tip metal. After testing the voltage of the appearance of the corona occurs at 7kV, high voltage when testing the tip of the copper metal point at a voltage of 21 kV is greater than the corona losses. The greater the voltage, the...
2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Power and Energy Applications (ICPEA)
Manufacturing process of oil immersed Power Transformer (PT) has significant effect to the value ... more Manufacturing process of oil immersed Power Transformer (PT) has significant effect to the value of its partial discharge (PD). PD is one of the most important parameters of PT to ensures the reliability and quality of the PT's operation PT. As PT is one of the most important parts in electrical power system, PD becomes one of the key performance indicators for PT. The quality of manufacturing process of both liquid and solid insulations will reflect to the PD value of PT. Both solid and liquid insulation will form the overall insulation of integration of PT. One of the important manufacturing processes is vacuum and oil impregnation process. These processes ensure the removal of the moisture from PT insulation and keep maintaining PT from moisture ingress. In this study, the experiment is conducted to investigate the relation between vacuum and impregnation process duration to partial discharge value of 167 MVA 500/150 kV on single phase power transformer. Twelve (12) samples are investigated during manufacturing process and final acceptance testing by measuring vacuum and impregnation process duration as well as the value of partial discharge. The result shows that vacuum process duration has significant effect to PD values. Combined with oil impregnation process of the insulation, the results show that to achieve PD below 70pC (<70pC), the optimum vacuum duration is 57 hours and the oil impregnation duration is ranged 75-120 hours. This practical study is beneficial for both the owner and the manufacturer of PT, so it gives the optimum duration for manufacturing process to get lower partial discharge at optimum duration and cost.
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) is a plantation which growth well in tropical countries, such as In... more Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) is a plantation which growth well in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. According to the recent studies, Jatropha seeds can yield oil, however raw Jatropha oil needs transesterification process, results in Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME), in order to reach suitable properties as biofuel and substitute diesel fuel for generating electricity, especially for area that is lack in electricity or low of electrification ratio. Meanwhile, Sumba is one of thousand islands in Indonesia that is still lack of electricity access but rich of solar energy potential, hence suitable for photovoltaic (PV) energy development.This study aimed to explore the potential hybridization of PV system with JME based biofuel. In order to reach this milestone, author analyzed properties of JME in comparison to those of diesel fuel and unveil several benefits of Jatropha, particularly related to the utilization for energy alternative. Analysis of the hybrid system was carried out by applying HOMER simulation. In addition, literature study of recent observations was also used for this study.According to NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy database, annual average of solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in the Sumba island is 5,84 kWh/m2/day which is potential for PV utilization. On the other hand, Jatropha seeds can produce biofuel for generator. Subsequently, combination of PV and Jatropha based fuel generator yields NPC and COE of US$ 46,283 and US$ 0.248 respectively, which is much lower in cost than single feed diesel generator. This hybrid system will also potentially reduce gas emission of hydrocarbon fuel. Finally, combination of both PV system and Jatropha oil-based biofuel shows bright prospect of energy alternative as well as support electrification access for Indonesian society.
In this study, the extremely high specific surface area of activated carbon originated from sugar... more In this study, the extremely high specific surface area of activated carbon originated from sugarcane bagasse was produced by dry chemical activation. In this process, KOH was used as a chemical agent and directly mixed sugarcane bagasse carbon with KOH powder, which has been treated in a solid form. In particular, the influences of the impregnation ratio and activation temperature were investigated. The as-prepared activated carbons were characterized by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), which aims to determine the surface area of activated carbon and Raman Spectra analysis to examine the vibration modes of material characteristics. The maximum specific surface area of the activated carbon reached 3554 m2/g at 800 °C and an impregnation ratio of 1:4. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of activated carbon exhibited graphite structure for sample in impregnation ratio 1:2 and 1:3 due to having of G and G−1 band. This material is essential for make battery.
The use of renewable energy source (RES) in meet the demand of electrical energy is getting into ... more The use of renewable energy source (RES) in meet the demand of electrical energy is getting into attention as solution of the problem a deficit of electrical energy. Application of RES in electricity generation system is done in a variety of configurations, among others in microgrid system. Implementation of microgrid systems provide many advantages both from the user and from the electric utility provider. Many microgrid development carried out in several countries, because microgrid offers many advantages, including better power quality and more environmentally friendly. Microgrid development concern in technology generation, microgrid architecture, power electronics, control systems, protection systems. This paper reviewing various technological developments related to microgrid system and case study about microgrid system development using grid tie inverter (GTI). Microgrid system can implemented using GTI, power transfer can occur from GTI to grid when GTI has power excess and grid supplying power to GTI when GTI power shortage.
There are many regions in Indonesia where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some ... more There are many regions in Indonesia where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some still do not enjoy access to electricity. Low electrification is especially felt by Indonesians living in 3T areas (terdepan/frontier, terluar/outermost, and tertinggal/disadvantaged). On the other side, as archipelagic and tropical country, Indonesia has high potential in the development of renewable energy for electrical generation especially solar energy. This study aims to design a solar home &amp;amp; pumping system (SHPS) model and assess its feasibility. In this concept SHPS scheme is purposed to provide electricity access to 3T community for the needs of lighting and access to clean water. A total of 4 units of 3 watt LED lights integrated with batteries are used for lighting each household, while a 600 watt water pump can be used communally for 150 households. Both LED light and water pump are supplied with electrical energy from their respective solar panels. There are 3 scenarios in the implementation of SHPS for a total of 150 households with a discount rate for investments of 10%. Full grant by the government/private sector with a budget of Rp 480.5 million is the most recommended scenario. Another advantage of SHPS is environmentally friendly.
The lack of electricity supply from PLN (The Indonesia State Electricity Enterprise) due to the r... more The lack of electricity supply from PLN (The Indonesia State Electricity Enterprise) due to the remote and far geographical location, Some of the BTS rely on diesel generators as the main power plant. So, the cost of electricity generation in the BTS is very high because of the high cost of transportation of these fuels. Therefore, to make efficient use of diesel fuel requires a renewable energy-based power generation model by utilizing the natural potential around the area. This study to analyse the system models hybridization of Photovoltaic System with Palm oil Diesel (POD) to get power plants that have high reliability, low energy costs and low emissions for powering BTS in remote area located at a Sungai Ketupak Village of Ogan Komering Ilir-South Sumatera (Latitude 3o19.9’S and Longitude 105o38.9’E). The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable Energy (HOMER) has been carried out to obtain an optimal design based on energy cost/kWh, annual operating costs, the daily loads demand, the NPV cost. The combination PV system and palm oil diesel will provide benefits for telecommunications companies in the savings for fuel generators. This system could also reduce gas emissions from hydrocarbon fuels. Therefore, the join of PV and palm oil diesel systems shows a good prospect of alternative energy for BTS tower energy sources.
The increasing use and use of electricity in Indonesia causes the potential for greater losses in... more The increasing use and use of electricity in Indonesia causes the potential for greater losses in the transmission and distribution system. This causes many problems that arise, one of which is the corona in the transmission and distribution system. Corona mapping can only be detected through several ways, namely sound, light and distinctive smell. In this thesis, the aim is to detect the corona with the characteristics of a distinctive sense of smell, then the results of the detection are compared with the calculated corona losses. This distinctive odor is the smell of ozone which is produced from ionization at high voltage with the surrounding air, namely oxygen to form ozone molecules that are not permanent. The metal electrode to be tested is the copper tip metal. After testing the voltage of the appearance of the corona occurs at 7kV, high voltage when testing the tip of the copper metal point at a voltage of 21 kV is greater than the corona losses. The greater the voltage, the...
2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Power and Energy Applications (ICPEA)
Manufacturing process of oil immersed Power Transformer (PT) has significant effect to the value ... more Manufacturing process of oil immersed Power Transformer (PT) has significant effect to the value of its partial discharge (PD). PD is one of the most important parameters of PT to ensures the reliability and quality of the PT's operation PT. As PT is one of the most important parts in electrical power system, PD becomes one of the key performance indicators for PT. The quality of manufacturing process of both liquid and solid insulations will reflect to the PD value of PT. Both solid and liquid insulation will form the overall insulation of integration of PT. One of the important manufacturing processes is vacuum and oil impregnation process. These processes ensure the removal of the moisture from PT insulation and keep maintaining PT from moisture ingress. In this study, the experiment is conducted to investigate the relation between vacuum and impregnation process duration to partial discharge value of 167 MVA 500/150 kV on single phase power transformer. Twelve (12) samples are investigated during manufacturing process and final acceptance testing by measuring vacuum and impregnation process duration as well as the value of partial discharge. The result shows that vacuum process duration has significant effect to PD values. Combined with oil impregnation process of the insulation, the results show that to achieve PD below 70pC (<70pC), the optimum vacuum duration is 57 hours and the oil impregnation duration is ranged 75-120 hours. This practical study is beneficial for both the owner and the manufacturer of PT, so it gives the optimum duration for manufacturing process to get lower partial discharge at optimum duration and cost.
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) is a plantation which growth well in tropical countries, such as In... more Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) is a plantation which growth well in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. According to the recent studies, Jatropha seeds can yield oil, however raw Jatropha oil needs transesterification process, results in Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME), in order to reach suitable properties as biofuel and substitute diesel fuel for generating electricity, especially for area that is lack in electricity or low of electrification ratio. Meanwhile, Sumba is one of thousand islands in Indonesia that is still lack of electricity access but rich of solar energy potential, hence suitable for photovoltaic (PV) energy development.This study aimed to explore the potential hybridization of PV system with JME based biofuel. In order to reach this milestone, author analyzed properties of JME in comparison to those of diesel fuel and unveil several benefits of Jatropha, particularly related to the utilization for energy alternative. Analysis of the hybrid system was carried out by applying HOMER simulation. In addition, literature study of recent observations was also used for this study.According to NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy database, annual average of solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in the Sumba island is 5,84 kWh/m2/day which is potential for PV utilization. On the other hand, Jatropha seeds can produce biofuel for generator. Subsequently, combination of PV and Jatropha based fuel generator yields NPC and COE of US$ 46,283 and US$ 0.248 respectively, which is much lower in cost than single feed diesel generator. This hybrid system will also potentially reduce gas emission of hydrocarbon fuel. Finally, combination of both PV system and Jatropha oil-based biofuel shows bright prospect of energy alternative as well as support electrification access for Indonesian society.
In this study, the extremely high specific surface area of activated carbon originated from sugar... more In this study, the extremely high specific surface area of activated carbon originated from sugarcane bagasse was produced by dry chemical activation. In this process, KOH was used as a chemical agent and directly mixed sugarcane bagasse carbon with KOH powder, which has been treated in a solid form. In particular, the influences of the impregnation ratio and activation temperature were investigated. The as-prepared activated carbons were characterized by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), which aims to determine the surface area of activated carbon and Raman Spectra analysis to examine the vibration modes of material characteristics. The maximum specific surface area of the activated carbon reached 3554 m2/g at 800 °C and an impregnation ratio of 1:4. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of activated carbon exhibited graphite structure for sample in impregnation ratio 1:2 and 1:3 due to having of G and G−1 band. This material is essential for make battery.
The use of renewable energy source (RES) in meet the demand of electrical energy is getting into ... more The use of renewable energy source (RES) in meet the demand of electrical energy is getting into attention as solution of the problem a deficit of electrical energy. Application of RES in electricity generation system is done in a variety of configurations, among others in microgrid system. Implementation of microgrid systems provide many advantages both from the user and from the electric utility provider. Many microgrid development carried out in several countries, because microgrid offers many advantages, including better power quality and more environmentally friendly. Microgrid development concern in technology generation, microgrid architecture, power electronics, control systems, protection systems. This paper reviewing various technological developments related to microgrid system and case study about microgrid system development using grid tie inverter (GTI). Microgrid system can implemented using GTI, power transfer can occur from GTI to grid when GTI has power excess and grid supplying power to GTI when GTI power shortage.
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