While the anti-inflammatory activities of Eriodictyol, a plant-derived flavonoid is well-known, r... more While the anti-inflammatory activities of Eriodictyol, a plant-derived flavonoid is well-known, reports on its anti-cancer efficacy and selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells are still emerging. However, little is known regarding its mechanism of selective anti-cancer activities. Here, we show the mechanism of selective cytotoxicity of Eriodictyol towards cancer cells compared to normal cells. Investigation reveals that Eriodictyol significantly upregulates TNFR1 expression in tumor cells (HeLa and SK-RC-45) while sparing the normal cells (HEK, NKE and WI-38), which display negligible TNFR1 expression, irrespective of the absence or presence of Eriodictyol. Further investigation of the molecular events reveal that Eriodictyol induces apoptosis through expression of the pro-apoptotic DISC components leading to activation of the caspase cascade. In addition, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout of TNFR1 completely blocks apoptosis in HeLa cells in response to Eriodictyol, confirming that Eriodictyol induced cancer cell apoptosis is indeed TNFR1-dependent. Finally, in vivo data demonstrates that Eriodictyol not only impedes tumor growth and progression, but also inhibits metastasis in mice implanted with 4T1 breast cancer cells. Thus, our study has identified Eriodictyol as a compound with high selectivity towards cancer cells through TNFR1 and suggests that it can be further explored for its prospect in cancer therapeutics.
Biochar obtained through the pyrolysis of Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) at 550 °C with a heat... more Biochar obtained through the pyrolysis of Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) at 550 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min was characterized and its ability to adsorb the dyes Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of pH, temperature and initial concentration of the dyes on adsorption behavior were investigated. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. Equilibrium data were well fitted for D-R isotherm in case of MB and Langmuir isotherm in case of RB dyes. The kinetics of dye adsorption on PGSC biochar was well described by applying pseudo-second-order rate equations. The surface of adsorbent before and after the removal of dyes was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The study suggested that PGSC biochar could be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of...
Low amylose rice, intermediate amylose rice, and seeded banana were taken for formulation of an e... more Low amylose rice, intermediate amylose rice, and seeded banana were taken for formulation of an extruded product using linear programming (LP) model. The model was designed to develop nutritious low‐cost extrudate products. The optimization for development of extrudates was performed by using central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The formulated extruded product developed at the optimized condition was found to have calorific value of 175 kcal/100 g and protein content of 6.35% with adequate amount of micro‐nutrients like magnesium (15.3 mg/100 g) and potassium (33.2 mg/100 g), respectively. Cytotoxicity assay with various levels of the extrudate showed negligible toxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells.Practical ApplicationReady‐to‐eat (RTE) foods are becoming widely popular due to change in lifestyle. However, RTE products are basically cereal‐based and found to have low nutritional value. Thus, there is a need to increase protein and minerals in cereal‐based ex...
Fresh water streams contaminated with synthetic dye-containing effluents pose a threat to aquatic... more Fresh water streams contaminated with synthetic dye-containing effluents pose a threat to aquatic and human life either by preventing aquatic photosynthesis or by entering into the food chain. Adsorptive removal of such dyes with potent biosorbents is an important technique to reduce bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of the dyes in human life. We report use of betel nut (BN) husk and banana peel (BP), two most abundant ligno-cellulosic wastes, as efficient adsorbents for the removal of the basic dye methylene blue (MB). The adsorption by BN and BP was consistently high over wide ranges of pH and temperature, suggesting their dye removal potential in diverse conditions. Physico-chemical studies, e.g. scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy studies, revealed changes in surface topology and functional moieties of BN and BP post adsorption, implying dye interaction with the biomass surface. The dye adsorption in both cases followed pseudo-second-orde...
ATE1-mediated post-translational addition of arginine to a protein has been shown to regulate act... more ATE1-mediated post-translational addition of arginine to a protein has been shown to regulate activity, interaction, and stability of the protein substrates. Arginylation has been linked to many different stress conditions, namely ER stress, cytosolic misfolded protein stress, and nitrosative stress. However, clear understanding about the effect of arginylation in cellular stress responses is yet to emerge. In this study, we investigated the role of arginylation in heat-stress response. Our findings suggest that Ate1 knock out (KO) cells are more susceptible to heat stress compared with its wild-type counterparts due to the induction of apoptosis in KO cells. Gene expression analysis of inducible heat-shock proteins (HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and HSP40) showed induction of these genes in KO cells early in the heat shock, but were drastically diminished at the later period of heat shock. Further analysis revealed that loss of ATE1 drastically reduced the stability of all three HSP mRNAs. The...
AbstractLactococcus lactis AMD17 isolated from free range goat milk was screened for potential pr... more AbstractLactococcus lactis AMD17 isolated from free range goat milk was screened for potential probiotic attributes based on functional traits such as resistance to simulated gastric acid and bile salts, antimicrobial activity and inhibition of pathogen adhesion to intestinal epithelium cell line Caco-2. The isolate significantly reduced the adherence of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes AMDK2 (47.46 ± 0.17 %) to Caco-2 cells. Honey was used as an adjuvant of L. lactis AMD17 for preparation of dahi (curd) from buffalo milk and was found to support its survivability during storage (P <0.05). Sensory evaluation studies revealed that dahi prepared with L. lactis AMD17 and the addition of 3 % honey exhibited the highest score in taste and color. The texture characteristics were found to be superior to dahi prepared with only L. lactis AMD17. Moreover, the Nisin gene was amplified and showed a similarity of 100 % to other NisR-producing L. lactis strains. The present study suggests that dahi prepared using honey-enriched milk with nisin-producing probiotic strain L. lactis AMD17 imparts health benefits and combats foodborne pathogens, possibly due to the antibacterial features of nisin peptide. Graphical abstractPreparation of dahi using L. lactis AMD17 and honey
Antigen-specific immune modulation is emerging as an attractive therapeutic option to prevent ath... more Antigen-specific immune modulation is emerging as an attractive therapeutic option to prevent atherosclerosis. We compared the efficacy of oral administration of peptides derived from apolipoprotein B (ApoB; 661–680) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60; 153–163), in the prevention of atherosclerotic lesion formation hyperlipidemic low density lipoprotein receptordeficient (LDLr−/−), apolipoprotein B-100 only (apoB100/100) mice model. Oral administration of peptides induced tolerance as seen by an increase in regulatory T cells in the peripheral immune system. Tolerance to ApoB peptide reduced plaque development by 28.7% (P<0.001) while HSP60 was effective in reducing lesion development by 26.8% in ApoB48/LDLr−/− mice. While tolerance to HSP60 resulted in increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 and TGF-β), ApoB tolerance was effective in reducing the lipid deposition in the lesion. Our results suggest that the two peptides have distinct mechanisms of controlling the development...
Biomass of food yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis (MTCC 188) grown on deproteinized whey supplemented ... more Biomass of food yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis (MTCC 188) grown on deproteinized whey supplemented with 0.8% diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 10 ppm indole-3-acetic acid, had a crude protein content of 37%. The true protein content based on nitrogen fractionation procedure was 28.1%. Total nucleic acid content was 4.82%. This amount does not appear to be toxicologically offensive. Crude fiber, ash, and lipid content of K.fragilis dry cells were found to be 4.9%, 16%, and 7.8%, respectively. Essential fatty acids of both omega-3 and omega-6 series were found present in the fat of the yeast and represented 21.5% of the total fatty acids. All the essential amino acids were present in the proteins of K. fragilis; however, sulfur containing amino acids were found in lower amounts. Calculated protein scores indicate moderate biological value. B vitamins in the biomass were present as expected, but folic acid and pyridoxine were present in high concentration.
Medicinal plant-based therapies can be important for treatment of cancer owing to high efficiency... more Medicinal plant-based therapies can be important for treatment of cancer owing to high efficiency, low cost and minimal side effects. Here, we report the anti-cancer efficacy of Ricinus communis L. fruit extract (RCFE) using estrogen positive MCF-7 and highly aggressive, triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RCFE induced cytotoxicity in these cells in dose and time-dependent manner. It also demonstrated robust anti-metastatic activity as it significantly inhibited migration, adhesion, invasion and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in both cell lines. Further, flow cytometry analysis suggested RCFE-mediated induction of apoptosis in these cells. This was supported by attenuation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, induction of pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-7 expressions as well as PARP cleavage upon RCFE treatment. RCFE (0.5 mg/Kg body weight) treatment led to significant reduction in tumor volume in 4T1 syngeneic mouse model. HPLC and ESI-MS analysis of active et...
While the anti-inflammatory activities of Eriodictyol, a plant-derived flavonoid is well-known, r... more While the anti-inflammatory activities of Eriodictyol, a plant-derived flavonoid is well-known, reports on its anti-cancer efficacy and selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells are still emerging. However, little is known regarding its mechanism of selective anti-cancer activities. Here, we show the mechanism of selective cytotoxicity of Eriodictyol towards cancer cells compared to normal cells. Investigation reveals that Eriodictyol significantly upregulates TNFR1 expression in tumor cells (HeLa and SK-RC-45) while sparing the normal cells (HEK, NKE and WI-38), which display negligible TNFR1 expression, irrespective of the absence or presence of Eriodictyol. Further investigation of the molecular events reveal that Eriodictyol induces apoptosis through expression of the pro-apoptotic DISC components leading to activation of the caspase cascade. In addition, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout of TNFR1 completely blocks apoptosis in HeLa cells in response to Eriodictyol, confirming that Eriodictyol induced cancer cell apoptosis is indeed TNFR1-dependent. Finally, in vivo data demonstrates that Eriodictyol not only impedes tumor growth and progression, but also inhibits metastasis in mice implanted with 4T1 breast cancer cells. Thus, our study has identified Eriodictyol as a compound with high selectivity towards cancer cells through TNFR1 and suggests that it can be further explored for its prospect in cancer therapeutics.
Biochar obtained through the pyrolysis of Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) at 550 °C with a heat... more Biochar obtained through the pyrolysis of Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) at 550 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min was characterized and its ability to adsorb the dyes Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of pH, temperature and initial concentration of the dyes on adsorption behavior were investigated. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. Equilibrium data were well fitted for D-R isotherm in case of MB and Langmuir isotherm in case of RB dyes. The kinetics of dye adsorption on PGSC biochar was well described by applying pseudo-second-order rate equations. The surface of adsorbent before and after the removal of dyes was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The study suggested that PGSC biochar could be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of...
Low amylose rice, intermediate amylose rice, and seeded banana were taken for formulation of an e... more Low amylose rice, intermediate amylose rice, and seeded banana were taken for formulation of an extruded product using linear programming (LP) model. The model was designed to develop nutritious low‐cost extrudate products. The optimization for development of extrudates was performed by using central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The formulated extruded product developed at the optimized condition was found to have calorific value of 175 kcal/100 g and protein content of 6.35% with adequate amount of micro‐nutrients like magnesium (15.3 mg/100 g) and potassium (33.2 mg/100 g), respectively. Cytotoxicity assay with various levels of the extrudate showed negligible toxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells.Practical ApplicationReady‐to‐eat (RTE) foods are becoming widely popular due to change in lifestyle. However, RTE products are basically cereal‐based and found to have low nutritional value. Thus, there is a need to increase protein and minerals in cereal‐based ex...
Fresh water streams contaminated with synthetic dye-containing effluents pose a threat to aquatic... more Fresh water streams contaminated with synthetic dye-containing effluents pose a threat to aquatic and human life either by preventing aquatic photosynthesis or by entering into the food chain. Adsorptive removal of such dyes with potent biosorbents is an important technique to reduce bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of the dyes in human life. We report use of betel nut (BN) husk and banana peel (BP), two most abundant ligno-cellulosic wastes, as efficient adsorbents for the removal of the basic dye methylene blue (MB). The adsorption by BN and BP was consistently high over wide ranges of pH and temperature, suggesting their dye removal potential in diverse conditions. Physico-chemical studies, e.g. scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy studies, revealed changes in surface topology and functional moieties of BN and BP post adsorption, implying dye interaction with the biomass surface. The dye adsorption in both cases followed pseudo-second-orde...
ATE1-mediated post-translational addition of arginine to a protein has been shown to regulate act... more ATE1-mediated post-translational addition of arginine to a protein has been shown to regulate activity, interaction, and stability of the protein substrates. Arginylation has been linked to many different stress conditions, namely ER stress, cytosolic misfolded protein stress, and nitrosative stress. However, clear understanding about the effect of arginylation in cellular stress responses is yet to emerge. In this study, we investigated the role of arginylation in heat-stress response. Our findings suggest that Ate1 knock out (KO) cells are more susceptible to heat stress compared with its wild-type counterparts due to the induction of apoptosis in KO cells. Gene expression analysis of inducible heat-shock proteins (HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and HSP40) showed induction of these genes in KO cells early in the heat shock, but were drastically diminished at the later period of heat shock. Further analysis revealed that loss of ATE1 drastically reduced the stability of all three HSP mRNAs. The...
AbstractLactococcus lactis AMD17 isolated from free range goat milk was screened for potential pr... more AbstractLactococcus lactis AMD17 isolated from free range goat milk was screened for potential probiotic attributes based on functional traits such as resistance to simulated gastric acid and bile salts, antimicrobial activity and inhibition of pathogen adhesion to intestinal epithelium cell line Caco-2. The isolate significantly reduced the adherence of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes AMDK2 (47.46 ± 0.17 %) to Caco-2 cells. Honey was used as an adjuvant of L. lactis AMD17 for preparation of dahi (curd) from buffalo milk and was found to support its survivability during storage (P <0.05). Sensory evaluation studies revealed that dahi prepared with L. lactis AMD17 and the addition of 3 % honey exhibited the highest score in taste and color. The texture characteristics were found to be superior to dahi prepared with only L. lactis AMD17. Moreover, the Nisin gene was amplified and showed a similarity of 100 % to other NisR-producing L. lactis strains. The present study suggests that dahi prepared using honey-enriched milk with nisin-producing probiotic strain L. lactis AMD17 imparts health benefits and combats foodborne pathogens, possibly due to the antibacterial features of nisin peptide. Graphical abstractPreparation of dahi using L. lactis AMD17 and honey
Antigen-specific immune modulation is emerging as an attractive therapeutic option to prevent ath... more Antigen-specific immune modulation is emerging as an attractive therapeutic option to prevent atherosclerosis. We compared the efficacy of oral administration of peptides derived from apolipoprotein B (ApoB; 661–680) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60; 153–163), in the prevention of atherosclerotic lesion formation hyperlipidemic low density lipoprotein receptordeficient (LDLr−/−), apolipoprotein B-100 only (apoB100/100) mice model. Oral administration of peptides induced tolerance as seen by an increase in regulatory T cells in the peripheral immune system. Tolerance to ApoB peptide reduced plaque development by 28.7% (P<0.001) while HSP60 was effective in reducing lesion development by 26.8% in ApoB48/LDLr−/− mice. While tolerance to HSP60 resulted in increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 and TGF-β), ApoB tolerance was effective in reducing the lipid deposition in the lesion. Our results suggest that the two peptides have distinct mechanisms of controlling the development...
Biomass of food yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis (MTCC 188) grown on deproteinized whey supplemented ... more Biomass of food yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis (MTCC 188) grown on deproteinized whey supplemented with 0.8% diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 10 ppm indole-3-acetic acid, had a crude protein content of 37%. The true protein content based on nitrogen fractionation procedure was 28.1%. Total nucleic acid content was 4.82%. This amount does not appear to be toxicologically offensive. Crude fiber, ash, and lipid content of K.fragilis dry cells were found to be 4.9%, 16%, and 7.8%, respectively. Essential fatty acids of both omega-3 and omega-6 series were found present in the fat of the yeast and represented 21.5% of the total fatty acids. All the essential amino acids were present in the proteins of K. fragilis; however, sulfur containing amino acids were found in lower amounts. Calculated protein scores indicate moderate biological value. B vitamins in the biomass were present as expected, but folic acid and pyridoxine were present in high concentration.
Medicinal plant-based therapies can be important for treatment of cancer owing to high efficiency... more Medicinal plant-based therapies can be important for treatment of cancer owing to high efficiency, low cost and minimal side effects. Here, we report the anti-cancer efficacy of Ricinus communis L. fruit extract (RCFE) using estrogen positive MCF-7 and highly aggressive, triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RCFE induced cytotoxicity in these cells in dose and time-dependent manner. It also demonstrated robust anti-metastatic activity as it significantly inhibited migration, adhesion, invasion and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in both cell lines. Further, flow cytometry analysis suggested RCFE-mediated induction of apoptosis in these cells. This was supported by attenuation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, induction of pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-7 expressions as well as PARP cleavage upon RCFE treatment. RCFE (0.5 mg/Kg body weight) treatment led to significant reduction in tumor volume in 4T1 syngeneic mouse model. HPLC and ESI-MS analysis of active et...
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Papers by Rupak Mukhopadhyay