Fragestellung: Prospektiv erhobene Daten zur Prognose von Patienten mit rezidivierten Osteosarkom... more Fragestellung: Prospektiv erhobene Daten zur Prognose von Patienten mit rezidivierten Osteosarkomen in Relation zu tumorbezogenen Faktoren sowie therapieabhängigen Variablen sind mehr als rar. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, haben die Cooperative Osteosarkom Studiengruppe COSS, die Italian[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
9004 Background: Metastates at diagnosis are the worst prognostic factor in Ewing’s sarcoma. To a... more 9004 Background: Metastates at diagnosis are the worst prognostic factor in Ewing’s sarcoma. To ameliorate the prognosis of patients (pts) with lung-pleural and/or solitary bone metastases, ISG-SSG have designed a trial with high dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and PBSC support. Methods: Since June 1999, 70 pts were registered, median age 15 yrs (2–34), 43 males, 27 females. Sites of primary were pelvis-sacrum in 30%, extremities in 22%, axial in 24%, soft tissue in 10%, others in 14%. Metastatic disease was in the lungs in 83%, pleural in 10%, solitary bone in 7%. The treatment consisted in 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy with VCR 2 mg, ADM 90 mg/ sqm, IFO 3 g /sqm x 3 days (VAI) alternate to CTX 4 g/sqm, Etoposide 200 mg/sqm x 3 days (CE) supported by G-CSF. Harvest of PBSC was planned after the 2° cycle CE. Then the pts. underwent local treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) and 4 cycles of VCR 2 mg, ADM 80 mg/sqm, CTX 1200mg/sqm (VAC) alternate to IFO 1800 mg/sqm x 5 days and Etoposide 100 mg/sqm x 3 day...
10081 Background: EURAMOS is a transAtlantic collaboration formed to improve survival in osteosar... more 10081 Background: EURAMOS is a transAtlantic collaboration formed to improve survival in osteosarcoma by conducting RCTs in a clinically relevant timeframe. EURAMOS-1, the largest study conducted in this rare cancer, has completed accrual. It includes two randomized comparisons investigating treatment optimization on the basis of histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Pts ≤40yrs with resectable, high grade extremity or axial osteosarcoma were eligible for registration. All were planned for 2 cycles of neoadjuvant methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MAP) then surgical resection of the primary tumour. Pts with complete macroscopic resection and no disease progression were eligible for randomization: [i] “good responders”, <10% viable tumor, MAP +/- 18m maintenance pegylated interferon; [ii] “poor responders”, ≥10% viable tumor, MAP vs MAPIE (MAP + ifosfamide, etoposide). Target sample size was ~1,260 pts randomized requiring ~2000 pts registered estimating a ...
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), Jun 30, 2016
The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. We t... more The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. We tested whether a lycopene-rich tomato intervention could reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer patients. Prior to their curative treatment, 79 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to a nutritional intervention with either 1) tomato products containing 30 mg lycopene per day; 2) tomato products plus selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, grape/pomegranate juice, and green/black tea (tomato-plus); or 3) control diet for 3 weeks. The main analysis, which included patients in all risk categories, did not reveal differences in changes of PSA-values between the intervention and control groups. Post-hoc, exploratory analyses within intermediate risk (n = 41) patients based on tumor classification and Gleason score post-surgery, revealed that median PSA decreased significantly in the tomato group as compared to controls (-2.9% and +6.5% respecti...
Objective To explore if there is an increased cancer risk associated with folic acid supplements ... more Objective To explore if there is an increased cancer risk associated with folic acid supplements given orally. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies of folic acid supplementation in humans reporting cancer incidence and/or cancer mortality. Studies on folic acid fortification of foods were not included. Data sources Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and Centre of Reviews and Dissemination, clinical trial registries and hand-searching of key journals. Results From 4104 potential references, 19 studies contributed data to our meta-analyses, including 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Meta-analysis of the 10 RCTs reporting overall cancer incidence (N=38 233) gave an RR of developing cancer in patients randomised to folic acid supplements of 1.07 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.14) compared to controls. Overall cancer incidence was not reported in the seven observational studies. Meta-analyses of six RCTs reporting prostate cancer incidence showed an RR of prostate ca...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 10, 2002
Clinical studies over the last 20 years using more intensive cytostatic regimens show improved re... more Clinical studies over the last 20 years using more intensive cytostatic regimens show improved results in children and adolescents with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in adult patients specifically with Burkitt's lymphoma. We present a retrospective analysis of the use of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) regimen for patients older than 15 years from three Norwegian university hospitals during the 1992-99 period. Survival data for 24 patients 15-69 years old with Burkitt's lymphoma/B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) show an estimated overall five year survival of 70% (75% for Burkitt's lymphoma only). Eight of ten adolescent patients 15-20 years old with other aggressive lymphomas were alive and disease free at last follow-up. All nine patients given the regimen after failure of prior therapy died of lymphoma within six years. The BFM regimen yields impressive results as the primary treatment of adolescent and adult patients with Burkitt's lymph...
ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) may target cancer cells both throughtheir regulation of the immune re... more ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) may target cancer cells both throughtheir regulation of the immune response, effect onangiogenesis and through direct effect on cancer cells.Treatment response has been demonstrated in osteosarcomapatients, but tumour resistance to IFN-a is common. Hence,understanding the molecular mechanisms involved inresponse and resistance is essential for improvingtherapeutic efficacy. Of five xenografts screened for specificgrowth delay in response to treatment with unconjugatedand PEGylated IFN-a2b, one displayed growth inhibitionand tumour shrinkage. Growth inhibition increased on adosing schedule of PEGylated IFN every third day.Xenografts resistant to PEGylated IFN were similarlyresistant to unconjugated IFN. Combination treatment withIFN-a2b and doxorubicin resulted in improved growthcontrol rates. Transcriptional profiling analysis of the onesensitive and two resistant xenografts identified a commonset of 79 genes significantly affected by IFN- a2b treatmentindependent of tumour growth inhibition. All but four ofthe 79 genes were up-regulated. The majority of these geneswere well characterized IFN-stimulated genes and coremembers of the IFN-a signalling pathway. The expressionof a set of 128 unique genes changed only in the sensitivexenograft; 52/128 genes were up-regulated. The specificgeneexpression pattern seen in the responsive xenograftidentified possible pathways important for the antitumoreffect of IFN-a in osteosarcoma, including ssubsets of genesinvolved in cell adhesion and osteogenic tissue development.The observed improved control rates of combined treatmentwith IFN and doxorubicin are encouraging and should befurther explored.
Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, Nov 10, 2000
Physical activity has been an important influence on the evolution of our gene pool and the optim... more Physical activity has been an important influence on the evolution of our gene pool and the optimal functioning of our body. Physical activity has recently been discussed as important in relation to cancer-risk. A total of 182 studies related to the association between physical activity and risk of cancer are included in the present study. We have used international accepted criteria in the validation of the strength of the association between a potential risk factor and cancer-risk. We conclude that there is convincing evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer: the evidence is probable for breast cancer and possible for prostate, endometrial and lung cancer. Physical activity does not have any influence on rectal cancer. The evidence for all the remaining cancer sites reviewed remains insufficient to make any conclusions at this time. No increased risk due to high levels of physical activity has been observed for any cancer type. Physical activity has an inde...
Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B Microbiology, 1986
Antibodies against the Gc2 serotype determinant of gonococcal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and antis... more Antibodies against the Gc2 serotype determinant of gonococcal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and antisera against strains of meningococci were tested by ELISA against the Gc2 LPS, and the antibodies examined for inhibition by bacteria of prototype strains of gonococci and meningococci. From one of the anti-meningococcal sera and anti-lactose (anti-lac) type of antibody was isolated. The results showed that antigenic sites belonging to the serotype, variable, and common sets of determinants as defined for gonococcal LPSs, may cross-react with meningococci. The anti-lac antibody combined with all of 34 strains of gonococci, with 41 out of 44 strains of meningococci tested, and with a Neisseria cinerea strain. The anti-lac showed no reactivity with any of a number of other Gram-negative cocci or bacilli examined. The results indicate that LPS from most strains of the pathogenic Neisseria species share a lactosyl moiety, presumably an inner core structure, of similar or identical configuration.
Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2000
BACKGROUND In the past, patients suffering from cancer and other chronic diseases were told to av... more BACKGROUND In the past, patients suffering from cancer and other chronic diseases were told to avoid physical activity in order to rest and reduce discomfort. Recently, many studies have published new scientific evidence which indicates that physical activity may be an important factor in the rehabilitation for several chronic diseases. However, less is known about the importance of physical activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a search on Medline and Pubmed. A total of 38 studies focusing on the importance of physical activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients are included in the present study. RESULTS The performed studies that have assessed the effects of physical activity on quality of life following cancer diagnosis, consistently suggest that physical activity may improve quality of life for cancer patients and influence fatigue. No information exists on whether physical activity increases surviv...
The most prominent differences between mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate retinol-binding pro... more The most prominent differences between mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are in the C-terminal sequences. We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for chicken RBP. Transfected COS cells that transiently expressed mammalian (human) or non-mammalian (chicken) RBP were used to demonstrate that both proteins were able to bind retinol and human transthyretin. However, we observed an increased retinol-independent secretion in cells expressing chicken RBP and reduced ligand-dependent secretion compared to the human protein. It can therefore be concluded that the C-terminal amino acid tail which is missing in chicken RBP compared to human RBP might play a role in retention and ligand-induced secretion.
Fragestellung: Prospektiv erhobene Daten zur Prognose von Patienten mit rezidivierten Osteosarkom... more Fragestellung: Prospektiv erhobene Daten zur Prognose von Patienten mit rezidivierten Osteosarkomen in Relation zu tumorbezogenen Faktoren sowie therapieabhängigen Variablen sind mehr als rar. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, haben die Cooperative Osteosarkom Studiengruppe COSS, die Italian[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
9004 Background: Metastates at diagnosis are the worst prognostic factor in Ewing’s sarcoma. To a... more 9004 Background: Metastates at diagnosis are the worst prognostic factor in Ewing’s sarcoma. To ameliorate the prognosis of patients (pts) with lung-pleural and/or solitary bone metastases, ISG-SSG have designed a trial with high dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and PBSC support. Methods: Since June 1999, 70 pts were registered, median age 15 yrs (2–34), 43 males, 27 females. Sites of primary were pelvis-sacrum in 30%, extremities in 22%, axial in 24%, soft tissue in 10%, others in 14%. Metastatic disease was in the lungs in 83%, pleural in 10%, solitary bone in 7%. The treatment consisted in 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy with VCR 2 mg, ADM 90 mg/ sqm, IFO 3 g /sqm x 3 days (VAI) alternate to CTX 4 g/sqm, Etoposide 200 mg/sqm x 3 days (CE) supported by G-CSF. Harvest of PBSC was planned after the 2° cycle CE. Then the pts. underwent local treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) and 4 cycles of VCR 2 mg, ADM 80 mg/sqm, CTX 1200mg/sqm (VAC) alternate to IFO 1800 mg/sqm x 5 days and Etoposide 100 mg/sqm x 3 day...
10081 Background: EURAMOS is a transAtlantic collaboration formed to improve survival in osteosar... more 10081 Background: EURAMOS is a transAtlantic collaboration formed to improve survival in osteosarcoma by conducting RCTs in a clinically relevant timeframe. EURAMOS-1, the largest study conducted in this rare cancer, has completed accrual. It includes two randomized comparisons investigating treatment optimization on the basis of histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Pts ≤40yrs with resectable, high grade extremity or axial osteosarcoma were eligible for registration. All were planned for 2 cycles of neoadjuvant methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MAP) then surgical resection of the primary tumour. Pts with complete macroscopic resection and no disease progression were eligible for randomization: [i] “good responders”, <10% viable tumor, MAP +/- 18m maintenance pegylated interferon; [ii] “poor responders”, ≥10% viable tumor, MAP vs MAPIE (MAP + ifosfamide, etoposide). Target sample size was ~1,260 pts randomized requiring ~2000 pts registered estimating a ...
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), Jun 30, 2016
The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. We t... more The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. We tested whether a lycopene-rich tomato intervention could reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer patients. Prior to their curative treatment, 79 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to a nutritional intervention with either 1) tomato products containing 30 mg lycopene per day; 2) tomato products plus selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, grape/pomegranate juice, and green/black tea (tomato-plus); or 3) control diet for 3 weeks. The main analysis, which included patients in all risk categories, did not reveal differences in changes of PSA-values between the intervention and control groups. Post-hoc, exploratory analyses within intermediate risk (n = 41) patients based on tumor classification and Gleason score post-surgery, revealed that median PSA decreased significantly in the tomato group as compared to controls (-2.9% and +6.5% respecti...
Objective To explore if there is an increased cancer risk associated with folic acid supplements ... more Objective To explore if there is an increased cancer risk associated with folic acid supplements given orally. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies of folic acid supplementation in humans reporting cancer incidence and/or cancer mortality. Studies on folic acid fortification of foods were not included. Data sources Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and Centre of Reviews and Dissemination, clinical trial registries and hand-searching of key journals. Results From 4104 potential references, 19 studies contributed data to our meta-analyses, including 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Meta-analysis of the 10 RCTs reporting overall cancer incidence (N=38 233) gave an RR of developing cancer in patients randomised to folic acid supplements of 1.07 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.14) compared to controls. Overall cancer incidence was not reported in the seven observational studies. Meta-analyses of six RCTs reporting prostate cancer incidence showed an RR of prostate ca...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 10, 2002
Clinical studies over the last 20 years using more intensive cytostatic regimens show improved re... more Clinical studies over the last 20 years using more intensive cytostatic regimens show improved results in children and adolescents with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in adult patients specifically with Burkitt's lymphoma. We present a retrospective analysis of the use of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) regimen for patients older than 15 years from three Norwegian university hospitals during the 1992-99 period. Survival data for 24 patients 15-69 years old with Burkitt's lymphoma/B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) show an estimated overall five year survival of 70% (75% for Burkitt's lymphoma only). Eight of ten adolescent patients 15-20 years old with other aggressive lymphomas were alive and disease free at last follow-up. All nine patients given the regimen after failure of prior therapy died of lymphoma within six years. The BFM regimen yields impressive results as the primary treatment of adolescent and adult patients with Burkitt's lymph...
ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) may target cancer cells both throughtheir regulation of the immune re... more ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) may target cancer cells both throughtheir regulation of the immune response, effect onangiogenesis and through direct effect on cancer cells.Treatment response has been demonstrated in osteosarcomapatients, but tumour resistance to IFN-a is common. Hence,understanding the molecular mechanisms involved inresponse and resistance is essential for improvingtherapeutic efficacy. Of five xenografts screened for specificgrowth delay in response to treatment with unconjugatedand PEGylated IFN-a2b, one displayed growth inhibitionand tumour shrinkage. Growth inhibition increased on adosing schedule of PEGylated IFN every third day.Xenografts resistant to PEGylated IFN were similarlyresistant to unconjugated IFN. Combination treatment withIFN-a2b and doxorubicin resulted in improved growthcontrol rates. Transcriptional profiling analysis of the onesensitive and two resistant xenografts identified a commonset of 79 genes significantly affected by IFN- a2b treatmentindependent of tumour growth inhibition. All but four ofthe 79 genes were up-regulated. The majority of these geneswere well characterized IFN-stimulated genes and coremembers of the IFN-a signalling pathway. The expressionof a set of 128 unique genes changed only in the sensitivexenograft; 52/128 genes were up-regulated. The specificgeneexpression pattern seen in the responsive xenograftidentified possible pathways important for the antitumoreffect of IFN-a in osteosarcoma, including ssubsets of genesinvolved in cell adhesion and osteogenic tissue development.The observed improved control rates of combined treatmentwith IFN and doxorubicin are encouraging and should befurther explored.
Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, Nov 10, 2000
Physical activity has been an important influence on the evolution of our gene pool and the optim... more Physical activity has been an important influence on the evolution of our gene pool and the optimal functioning of our body. Physical activity has recently been discussed as important in relation to cancer-risk. A total of 182 studies related to the association between physical activity and risk of cancer are included in the present study. We have used international accepted criteria in the validation of the strength of the association between a potential risk factor and cancer-risk. We conclude that there is convincing evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer: the evidence is probable for breast cancer and possible for prostate, endometrial and lung cancer. Physical activity does not have any influence on rectal cancer. The evidence for all the remaining cancer sites reviewed remains insufficient to make any conclusions at this time. No increased risk due to high levels of physical activity has been observed for any cancer type. Physical activity has an inde...
Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B Microbiology, 1986
Antibodies against the Gc2 serotype determinant of gonococcal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and antis... more Antibodies against the Gc2 serotype determinant of gonococcal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and antisera against strains of meningococci were tested by ELISA against the Gc2 LPS, and the antibodies examined for inhibition by bacteria of prototype strains of gonococci and meningococci. From one of the anti-meningococcal sera and anti-lactose (anti-lac) type of antibody was isolated. The results showed that antigenic sites belonging to the serotype, variable, and common sets of determinants as defined for gonococcal LPSs, may cross-react with meningococci. The anti-lac antibody combined with all of 34 strains of gonococci, with 41 out of 44 strains of meningococci tested, and with a Neisseria cinerea strain. The anti-lac showed no reactivity with any of a number of other Gram-negative cocci or bacilli examined. The results indicate that LPS from most strains of the pathogenic Neisseria species share a lactosyl moiety, presumably an inner core structure, of similar or identical configuration.
Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2000
BACKGROUND In the past, patients suffering from cancer and other chronic diseases were told to av... more BACKGROUND In the past, patients suffering from cancer and other chronic diseases were told to avoid physical activity in order to rest and reduce discomfort. Recently, many studies have published new scientific evidence which indicates that physical activity may be an important factor in the rehabilitation for several chronic diseases. However, less is known about the importance of physical activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a search on Medline and Pubmed. A total of 38 studies focusing on the importance of physical activity in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients are included in the present study. RESULTS The performed studies that have assessed the effects of physical activity on quality of life following cancer diagnosis, consistently suggest that physical activity may improve quality of life for cancer patients and influence fatigue. No information exists on whether physical activity increases surviv...
The most prominent differences between mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate retinol-binding pro... more The most prominent differences between mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are in the C-terminal sequences. We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for chicken RBP. Transfected COS cells that transiently expressed mammalian (human) or non-mammalian (chicken) RBP were used to demonstrate that both proteins were able to bind retinol and human transthyretin. However, we observed an increased retinol-independent secretion in cells expressing chicken RBP and reduced ligand-dependent secretion compared to the human protein. It can therefore be concluded that the C-terminal amino acid tail which is missing in chicken RBP compared to human RBP might play a role in retention and ligand-induced secretion.
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Papers by S. Smeland