Heritage is composed of tangible and intangible assets, as well as cultural and natural sites thr... more Heritage is composed of tangible and intangible assets, as well as cultural and natural sites threatened by the effects of climate change. The sustainability of heritage is significant for its transmission to the next generations, future progress, cultural development and diversity. Thus, this paper is focused on the protection and management of heritage, presenting as case study the ancient Greek Theatre of Dodoni, located in Epirus. Stakeholders are related to scientists for climate change, heritage managers, society (including educational organizations), local community as well as the visitors. The interaction of these groups offers a management plan focused on the needs of the place. Moreover, the research of the local identity of the landscape should be combined with climatic data showing the course of the climate change and its effects on the site of study. This information of climate indices is retrieved by meteorological stations in North-Western Greece. In particular, we an...
In our days, the urgent need for minimizing energy consumption, forces governments to take immedi... more In our days, the urgent need for minimizing energy consumption, forces governments to take immediate actions in all directions. A review of the existing norms along with a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis has been conducted, with reference to façade and road lighting in the urban structure. This methodology was selected as a tool for outlining energy issues of high importance in these two areas that consist a major component of the total energy consumption in the urban environment and provide helpful insights. This approach shows that there is a wide range of steps that could be followed towards this direction, not only in terms of proposals through the norms, but also through the implementation of the LED technology along with the use of the latest management systems can support the reduction of energy consumption to a large extent.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Light pollution is a phenomenon that affects both humans and the environment negatively. Currentl... more Light pollution is a phenomenon that affects both humans and the environment negatively. Currently there are no established means to calculate light pollution. This work proposes a method for calculating the levels of light pollution on the facades of buildings, specifically historical buildings, which are the most difficult to light, using simulation techniques. The proposed methodology tested different simulation grid densities and concluded that the highest density produces most accurate results, since lower densities are prone to software errors. Moreover, this research proves that the visual perception of a lit façade is the wrong way to determine if a lighting design produces light pollution and that the comprehensive methodology proposed should be used to determine the percentage of light that spills into the environment.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This research aims to accentuate the sustainability of the atrium, as an architectural suggestion... more This research aims to accentuate the sustainability of the atrium, as an architectural suggestion and a tool with environmental value. As it has a recognizable structure with form and well-known function applied in the history of architecture, it is also related to beneficial results in the heating and cooling of the building of which it is part. It should be accentuated that, especially in Mediterranean climates, the atrium is encountered with particular types and connections to the wholeness of the structure. In the urban web there are buildings with courtyard, backyard, interior atrium, garden, or semi-outdoor spaces. The pre-mentioned instances contribute with vital importance to the heating and cooling of the building, as well as to the ventilation and the reception of natural light. Thus, the atrium presents a substantial solution to the amelioration of the microclimate of a building and even of a neighbourhood, via the exploitation of the characteristics of the construction (...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The objective of this research is the study of lighting the facades of historic buildings having ... more The objective of this research is the study of lighting the facades of historic buildings having as an orientation the reduction of dire effects of light pollution on the environment and humans. Lighting is an important way of underlining characteristics of historic buildings, such as beauty and identity, which form part of our cultural heritage. Scientists have outlined the effects of light pollution on the environment and people and therefore the lighting designer should apply efficient lighting design proposals that are environmentally and human friendly, according to the architecture of a building. This research proposes a methodology for calculating the levels of light pollution that are caused by different exterior lighting scenarios for historic buildings.
2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 06), 2006
This paper presents ongoing research on an experiment that concerns the spatial perception and co... more This paper presents ongoing research on an experiment that concerns the spatial perception and cognition in real and virtual architectural environments and is part of a series of experiments that took place in the same field. The differences in perception and cognition of a real building and its virtual counterpart are studied through the processes of navigation and representation. Intelligent features, such as actors and interactive objects are used to determine their influence in the perception and cognition of virtual architectural space. For these reasons a computer gaming engine is used, which can provide a fully interactive intelligent virtual environment that is used to enhance the above factors. Preliminary results confirm earlier findings from previous similar experiments. It was found that there was a statistically significant tendency of the students towards larger scatter in more luminous virtual space as well as a tendency to visit the lit part of virtual space. Visitors of the photorealistic spaces also seem to have better knowledge of the depth of space in comparison to those navigating in the non photorealistic space
Climate change has led to national, regional and local adaptation measures. However, these measur... more Climate change has led to national, regional and local adaptation measures. However, these measures are not usually implemented in a targeted way, i.e. in urban areas with the most significant problem, or they are not designed in the optimal way to have the maximum efficiency at local scale. Towards this perspective the evaluation of human thermal stress in different urban environments, using appropriate models at very high resolution is considered fully appropriate. The assessment and quantification of the thermal comfort for selected urban districts within the wider Athens area, are performed by the application of PET (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature) and UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) indexes, which are based on the energy balance of the human body. The above indexes are calculated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model ENVI-met, at city scale (resolution 1 × 1m). Measurements from the nearest meteorological stations as well as sub-scaling of the ERA5 da...
The study presents a time-dependent analysis of threats from man-made climate change at 244 UNESC... more The study presents a time-dependent analysis of threats from man-made climate change at 244 UNESCO cultural and natural heritage sites in the Mediterranean. The hazards in our research are estimated by indices based on extremes of heat, fire weather conditions, heavy rainfall days, frost days, changes in mean sea level and aridity at each site. These indices were calculated from regional EUROCORDEX simulations, cover the period 1971–2100 and refer to two IPCC emission scenarios, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. A combined threat index was next calculated, as explained in the text, together with its synergy with local exposure geophysical threats, such as seismicity, topography and proximity to forests and seas. All indices related to man-made climate change show an overall increasing trend from present to the end of the twenty-first century. Some of these increasing trends are intensified after the 2030s and 2040s, except for the case of the days with frost. As the global warming evolves, ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The use of municipal football fields by a large number of citizens and amateur athletes on a dail... more The use of municipal football fields by a large number of citizens and amateur athletes on a daily basis during evenings is a popular activity. Usually, the aiming of the pitch lighting, without taking into account the dense urban environment in the surroundings, causes light pollution. Obtrusive lighting in most cases is the rule and not the exception. This situation could be justified in football fields of the professional football leagues so as to address the needs of television broadcasts of the matches for two days per month per field. However, in amateur activities due to the lack of rules and the initial incorrect lighting design, the problem of light pollution is deteriorated. The scope of this research is to identify the main issue and the repercussions of obtrusive lighting in the urban fabric, propose a quick method to quantify light pollution in sport fields using IDA-Criteria for Community-Friendly Outdoor Sports Lighting guidelines and to further set some parameters fo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) of lighting products is a methodology that analyses and evalu... more Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) of lighting products is a methodology that analyses and evaluates environmental impacts throughout their total life cycle, from the extraction and processing of raw materials, design, construction, transportation, distribution, use, recycling and re-use of materials, and last their final disposal. According to the results of a large number of LCIAs, lighting products have a substantial environmental impact in multiple areas, as for example in primary energy, toxicological effects, the effect on global warming, the level of environmental acidification, etc. All of those impacts could result in more efficient products by enhancing the product design process (using Ecodesign). At the initial design stage of lighting products, the manufacturer should also take into consideration circular economy aspects at the End of Life stage (EoL) such as repair, reuse, remanufacturing, retrofitting, recycling, and upcycling and not only the energy savings from the...
The scope of the present paper is to promote social, cultural and environmental sustainability in... more The scope of the present paper is to promote social, cultural and environmental sustainability in cities by establishing a conceptual framework and the relationship amongst safety in urban public space (UPS), lighting and Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based surveillance. This framework uses available technologies and tools, as these can be found in urban equipment such as lighting posts, to enhance security and safety in UPS, ensuring protection against attempted criminal activity. Through detailed literary research, publications on security and safety concerning crime and lighting can be divided into two periods, the first one pre-1994, and the second one from 2004–2008. Since then, a significant reduction in the number of publications dealing with lighting and crime is observed, while at the same time, the urban nightscape has been reshaped with the immersion of light-emitting diode (LED) technologies. Especially in the last decade, where most municipalities in th...
Heritage is composed of tangible and intangible assets, as well as cultural and natural sites thr... more Heritage is composed of tangible and intangible assets, as well as cultural and natural sites threatened by the effects of climate change. The sustainability of heritage is significant for its transmission to the next generations, future progress, cultural development and diversity. Thus, this paper is focused on the protection and management of heritage, presenting as case study the ancient Greek Theatre of Dodoni, located in Epirus. Stakeholders are related to scientists for climate change, heritage managers, society (including educational organizations), local community as well as the visitors. The interaction of these groups offers a management plan focused on the needs of the place. Moreover, the research of the local identity of the landscape should be combined with climatic data showing the course of the climate change and its effects on the site of study. This information of climate indices is retrieved by meteorological stations in North-Western Greece. In particular, we an...
In our days, the urgent need for minimizing energy consumption, forces governments to take immedi... more In our days, the urgent need for minimizing energy consumption, forces governments to take immediate actions in all directions. A review of the existing norms along with a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis has been conducted, with reference to façade and road lighting in the urban structure. This methodology was selected as a tool for outlining energy issues of high importance in these two areas that consist a major component of the total energy consumption in the urban environment and provide helpful insights. This approach shows that there is a wide range of steps that could be followed towards this direction, not only in terms of proposals through the norms, but also through the implementation of the LED technology along with the use of the latest management systems can support the reduction of energy consumption to a large extent.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Light pollution is a phenomenon that affects both humans and the environment negatively. Currentl... more Light pollution is a phenomenon that affects both humans and the environment negatively. Currently there are no established means to calculate light pollution. This work proposes a method for calculating the levels of light pollution on the facades of buildings, specifically historical buildings, which are the most difficult to light, using simulation techniques. The proposed methodology tested different simulation grid densities and concluded that the highest density produces most accurate results, since lower densities are prone to software errors. Moreover, this research proves that the visual perception of a lit façade is the wrong way to determine if a lighting design produces light pollution and that the comprehensive methodology proposed should be used to determine the percentage of light that spills into the environment.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This research aims to accentuate the sustainability of the atrium, as an architectural suggestion... more This research aims to accentuate the sustainability of the atrium, as an architectural suggestion and a tool with environmental value. As it has a recognizable structure with form and well-known function applied in the history of architecture, it is also related to beneficial results in the heating and cooling of the building of which it is part. It should be accentuated that, especially in Mediterranean climates, the atrium is encountered with particular types and connections to the wholeness of the structure. In the urban web there are buildings with courtyard, backyard, interior atrium, garden, or semi-outdoor spaces. The pre-mentioned instances contribute with vital importance to the heating and cooling of the building, as well as to the ventilation and the reception of natural light. Thus, the atrium presents a substantial solution to the amelioration of the microclimate of a building and even of a neighbourhood, via the exploitation of the characteristics of the construction (...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The objective of this research is the study of lighting the facades of historic buildings having ... more The objective of this research is the study of lighting the facades of historic buildings having as an orientation the reduction of dire effects of light pollution on the environment and humans. Lighting is an important way of underlining characteristics of historic buildings, such as beauty and identity, which form part of our cultural heritage. Scientists have outlined the effects of light pollution on the environment and people and therefore the lighting designer should apply efficient lighting design proposals that are environmentally and human friendly, according to the architecture of a building. This research proposes a methodology for calculating the levels of light pollution that are caused by different exterior lighting scenarios for historic buildings.
2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 06), 2006
This paper presents ongoing research on an experiment that concerns the spatial perception and co... more This paper presents ongoing research on an experiment that concerns the spatial perception and cognition in real and virtual architectural environments and is part of a series of experiments that took place in the same field. The differences in perception and cognition of a real building and its virtual counterpart are studied through the processes of navigation and representation. Intelligent features, such as actors and interactive objects are used to determine their influence in the perception and cognition of virtual architectural space. For these reasons a computer gaming engine is used, which can provide a fully interactive intelligent virtual environment that is used to enhance the above factors. Preliminary results confirm earlier findings from previous similar experiments. It was found that there was a statistically significant tendency of the students towards larger scatter in more luminous virtual space as well as a tendency to visit the lit part of virtual space. Visitors of the photorealistic spaces also seem to have better knowledge of the depth of space in comparison to those navigating in the non photorealistic space
Climate change has led to national, regional and local adaptation measures. However, these measur... more Climate change has led to national, regional and local adaptation measures. However, these measures are not usually implemented in a targeted way, i.e. in urban areas with the most significant problem, or they are not designed in the optimal way to have the maximum efficiency at local scale. Towards this perspective the evaluation of human thermal stress in different urban environments, using appropriate models at very high resolution is considered fully appropriate. The assessment and quantification of the thermal comfort for selected urban districts within the wider Athens area, are performed by the application of PET (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature) and UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) indexes, which are based on the energy balance of the human body. The above indexes are calculated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model ENVI-met, at city scale (resolution 1 × 1m). Measurements from the nearest meteorological stations as well as sub-scaling of the ERA5 da...
The study presents a time-dependent analysis of threats from man-made climate change at 244 UNESC... more The study presents a time-dependent analysis of threats from man-made climate change at 244 UNESCO cultural and natural heritage sites in the Mediterranean. The hazards in our research are estimated by indices based on extremes of heat, fire weather conditions, heavy rainfall days, frost days, changes in mean sea level and aridity at each site. These indices were calculated from regional EUROCORDEX simulations, cover the period 1971–2100 and refer to two IPCC emission scenarios, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. A combined threat index was next calculated, as explained in the text, together with its synergy with local exposure geophysical threats, such as seismicity, topography and proximity to forests and seas. All indices related to man-made climate change show an overall increasing trend from present to the end of the twenty-first century. Some of these increasing trends are intensified after the 2030s and 2040s, except for the case of the days with frost. As the global warming evolves, ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The use of municipal football fields by a large number of citizens and amateur athletes on a dail... more The use of municipal football fields by a large number of citizens and amateur athletes on a daily basis during evenings is a popular activity. Usually, the aiming of the pitch lighting, without taking into account the dense urban environment in the surroundings, causes light pollution. Obtrusive lighting in most cases is the rule and not the exception. This situation could be justified in football fields of the professional football leagues so as to address the needs of television broadcasts of the matches for two days per month per field. However, in amateur activities due to the lack of rules and the initial incorrect lighting design, the problem of light pollution is deteriorated. The scope of this research is to identify the main issue and the repercussions of obtrusive lighting in the urban fabric, propose a quick method to quantify light pollution in sport fields using IDA-Criteria for Community-Friendly Outdoor Sports Lighting guidelines and to further set some parameters fo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) of lighting products is a methodology that analyses and evalu... more Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) of lighting products is a methodology that analyses and evaluates environmental impacts throughout their total life cycle, from the extraction and processing of raw materials, design, construction, transportation, distribution, use, recycling and re-use of materials, and last their final disposal. According to the results of a large number of LCIAs, lighting products have a substantial environmental impact in multiple areas, as for example in primary energy, toxicological effects, the effect on global warming, the level of environmental acidification, etc. All of those impacts could result in more efficient products by enhancing the product design process (using Ecodesign). At the initial design stage of lighting products, the manufacturer should also take into consideration circular economy aspects at the End of Life stage (EoL) such as repair, reuse, remanufacturing, retrofitting, recycling, and upcycling and not only the energy savings from the...
The scope of the present paper is to promote social, cultural and environmental sustainability in... more The scope of the present paper is to promote social, cultural and environmental sustainability in cities by establishing a conceptual framework and the relationship amongst safety in urban public space (UPS), lighting and Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based surveillance. This framework uses available technologies and tools, as these can be found in urban equipment such as lighting posts, to enhance security and safety in UPS, ensuring protection against attempted criminal activity. Through detailed literary research, publications on security and safety concerning crime and lighting can be divided into two periods, the first one pre-1994, and the second one from 2004–2008. Since then, a significant reduction in the number of publications dealing with lighting and crime is observed, while at the same time, the urban nightscape has been reshaped with the immersion of light-emitting diode (LED) technologies. Especially in the last decade, where most municipalities in th...
Uploads
Papers by Stelios Zerefos