International journal of research in medical sciences, Jun 29, 2024
brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are b... more brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus behind the retina and in a myopic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus in front of the retina. 1 Ametropia can be defined as a condition in which the image of an object fails to focus upon the retina and can ABSTRACT Background: Uncorrected refractive errors are a major cause of blindness and low vision. Determination of the etiology is essential in planning appropriate treatment modalities. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between axial length and corneal power with refractive status of patients with refractive error in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study in which 385 eligible patients were recruited. Relevant history was obtained from the patients and ocular examination was done. Objective and Subjective refraction were performed. Spherical equivalent was calculated for patients with astigmatism. Keratometric readings (k1 and k2) and measurement of axial length were taken. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.7, r 2 =56.8%, p<0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent objective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.2, r 2 =53.3%, p<0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent subjective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.5, r 2 =8.5%, p<0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent objective refraction and corneal power of the right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.3, r 2 =6.4%, p<0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent subjective refraction and Corneal power of right eye. Negative correlation existed between axial length and corneal power but was not statistically significant (r=-0.0, p<0.4). Conclusions: The study established that axial length and corneal power are the determinants of refractive status and that axial length is a stronger determinant.
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive ... more Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive retinopathies, there are other ocular manifestations of HIV and ocular side effects of HAART which are yet to be determined and evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the effect of HAART on Visual Acuity (VA) and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano State, Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital based cross-sectional study; consented patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and grouped into two groups A and B. Group A was those scheduled to commence HAART referred to as HAART naive, while group B was subdivided into four groups, comprising B1, B2, B3, B4, termed as HAART experience. There were 400 participants aged 25 to 55 years with mean age of 37.86 ± 7.5 years. Their mean CD4+ T cell count was 476.94 ± 272.3 cells/mm3. The mean IOP was 14.14 ± 2.65 mmHg and analysis of variance showed that there was no correlation ...
Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The a... more Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains...
brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are b... more brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus behind the retina and in a myopic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus in front of the retina. 1 Ametropia can be defined as a condition in which the image of an object fails to focus upon the retina and can ABSTRACT Background: Uncorrected refractive errors are a major cause of blindness and low vision. Determination of the etiology is essential in planning appropriate treatment modalities. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between axial length and corneal power with refractive status of patients with refractive error in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study in which 385 eligible patients were recruited. Relevant history was obtained from the patients and ocular examination was done. Objective and Subjective refraction were performed. Spherical equivalent was calculated for patients with astigmatism. Keratometric readings (k1 and k2) and measurement of axial length were taken. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.7, r 2 =56.8%, p<0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent objective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.2, r 2 =53.3%, p<0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent subjective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.5, r 2 =8.5%, p<0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent objective refraction and corneal power of the right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.3, r 2 =6.4%, p<0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent subjective refraction and Corneal power of right eye. Negative correlation existed between axial length and corneal power but was not statistically significant (r=-0.0, p<0.4). Conclusions: The study established that axial length and corneal power are the determinants of refractive status and that axial length is a stronger determinant.
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Albinism is a heterogenous group of disorders of melanin synthesis or distribution that is geneti... more Albinism is a heterogenous group of disorders of melanin synthesis or distribution that is genetically inherited. Refractive errors are common in participants with albinism and high values have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of refractive errors in people living with albinism in North-Western Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital-based study, carried out over 12 months from April 2017-March 2018 (12 months) whereby persons with albinism from Kano and Jigawa states were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. A structured proforma was used to record findings of history, examination and subjective and objective refraction were measured for each patient. Data was analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0. A total of 61 participants with 122 eyes were examined. There were 32 males and 29 females (M: F= 1:1.1). Their ages ranged from 19 months to 60 years with a mean age ...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of opportunistic infection in HIV-inf... more Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. HCMV viraemia is an active infection marker and prelude to end-organ diseases (EODs), such as retinitis. The aim of the study was to assess the burden and associated factors of HCMV infection, viraemia and retinitis among HIV-infected patients in Nigeria.Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study of 160 HIV-infected adults, comprising 80 participants in each of <100/mm3 and ≥100 cells/mm3 CD4+ cell count groups, who attended HIV clinic at a tertiary hospital located in a major Nigerian city. A questionnaire was used to collect data from eligible consenting participants and their case files. Sera from all participants were tested for anti-HCMV IgG using ELISA method, and plasma of seropositive participants were subjected to PCR for HCMV viraemia. Participants whose samples were HCMV viraemic were examined for HCMV retinitis using indirect ophthalmoscopy. Data was analy...
To report the rare case of a patient with bilateral uveitis with meningococcal septicaemia from N... more To report the rare case of a patient with bilateral uveitis with meningococcal septicaemia from Neisseria meningitides, resulting to blindness and adjustment disorder. A 9-years-old boy presented to the Emergency paediatric unit of a hospital with complaints of fever, and neck stiffness of one week duration. There was associated sudden decreased vision, pain and photophobia of both eyes. Neck was stiff and retracted with positive Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs. Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from both the turbid CSF and the blood. Visual Acuity (VA) was Perception of Light (PL) and Counting Finger (CF) in right and left eyes (RE and LE) respectively, with 360 degrees posterior synechiae and pupillary membrane. Diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia with bilateral uveitis was made. Patient was treated with IV ceftriaxone, sub-conjunctival dexamethasone, dexamethasone, atropine and moxifloxacin eye drops and other supporting medications. Although he showed improvement of VA to R...
Purpose: Accommodative-convergence mechanism failure could occur in non presbyopic HIV- sero posi... more Purpose: Accommodative-convergence mechanism failure could occur in non presbyopic HIV- sero positive patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). This could be due to either direct neuronal infection by HIV, pathologic changes of the lens or the ciliary body or adverse effects of some individual drugs constituting the HAART regimen on the cranial nerves which play vital roles in the mechanism of accommodation and convergence. Case report: This is a case report of an accommodative- convergence mechanism failure in HIV positive non presbyopic 32-year-old male patient that was on HAART for more than five years. He presented with distance visual acuity (VA) of OD: 6/9 +2, OS: 6/9, and near visual acuity (NVA) of N24 both eyes, 3Δ esophoria at distance and 4Δ esophoria at near. Amplitude of accommodation (AA) was 3.50D and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio was 6/1. Following comprehensive evaluation, his refractive correction was OD: Plano/-0.50DC X 1...
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic disease affecting all regions across... more Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic disease affecting all regions across the globe and Nigeria having the second highest prevalence worldwide. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has profound negative effect on the optic nerve even though (HAART) has improved the health status of the affected individuals and overall reduction in mortality. Imaging modality especially ultrasound has a great role in the assessment of the optic nerve because of its availability, affordability, and easy operability with reliable sensitivity. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Ophthalmology, AKTH, Kano, from October 2017 to June 2018. A total of 143 consenting HIV-positive adults age 18–60 years on HAART were recruited. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of each eye was measured using 11–14 MHz linear transducer. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethic and research committee of the hospital. Results: The mean ONSD value of the right eye was 3.49 mm ± 1.04 standard deviation (SD) and 3.55 mm ± 1.11 SD for the left eye. The optic nerve diameter was found to be larger on the left eye and increased slightly with age (P < 0.05). There was nonsignificantly higher values of ONSD among female (3.59 mm ± 1.12 SD) when compared with males (3.332 mm ± 0.878) with P value >0.005. Conclusion: ONSD values among HIV-positive patients are significantly higher in the left eye and among female subjects. Also, patients with HIV on HAART have thicker optic nerves when compared with general population in Kano, Nigeria.
Craniofacial duplication known as diprosopus is a rare congenital disorder whereby parts or all o... more Craniofacial duplication known as diprosopus is a rare congenital disorder whereby parts or all of the face are duplicated on the head. This is a case of a 1-year-old boy referred to our hospital with an extra eye (third eye) on the left side of the head and an abnormally shaped head, which were noticed since birth. Pregnancy and delivery were uneventful. Apart from routine antenatal medication, there was no history suggestive of ingestion of traditional or other medication during pregnancy. No history of smoking during pregnancy and no history of exposure to radiation. The child was born in a rural area to a “nonconsanguineous marriage.” Examination revealed posterior plagiocephaly, a depressed anterior fontanelle, and a bulging posterior fontanelle. There was an extra eye (third eye) in the left temporal region. Radiologic findings showed the presence of two normally situated bony orbits and two extra orbits in the left temporal region. Well-formed globes were seen in the normal orbits while only one of the extra orbits contained a globe. The importance of prenatal diagnosis is emphasized.
SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...
SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2020
Context: Conjunctiva is a transparent membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the gl... more Context: Conjunctiva is a transparent membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the globe up to the corneoscleral limbus. It is a common site for the growth of lesions in the eye. Depending on their origin, conjunctival lesions could be non-neoplastic and neoplastic. The neoplastic lesions are either benign or malignant. These lesions can be distinguished based on the patient's history, clinical presentation and histopathological features. Aims: In this study, the pattern of excised conjunctival lesions was determined. Methods and Material: This was a 6-year (2010–2015) retrospective study of all excised conjunctival lesions diagnosed at the Pathology Laboratory of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Statistical analysis used: Data were analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 198 conjunctival lesions were diagnosed during the period. The male patients were 136 (68.70%), whereas the females were 62 (31.30%) with male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 37.69 ± 16.39 years. The neoplastic nature of the lesions was as follows: 54 (27.3%) were malignant, 61 (30.8%) were pre-malignant and 83 (41.9%) were benign. The most common lesions observed were conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia and squamous papilloma with frequencies of 50 (25.30%), 46 (23.20%) and 24 (12.10%), respectively. Conclusions: Benign lesions are the most common conjunctival lesions, whereas squamous papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common benign and malignant lesions, respectively.
International journal of research in medical sciences, Jun 29, 2024
brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are b... more brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus behind the retina and in a myopic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus in front of the retina. 1 Ametropia can be defined as a condition in which the image of an object fails to focus upon the retina and can ABSTRACT Background: Uncorrected refractive errors are a major cause of blindness and low vision. Determination of the etiology is essential in planning appropriate treatment modalities. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between axial length and corneal power with refractive status of patients with refractive error in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study in which 385 eligible patients were recruited. Relevant history was obtained from the patients and ocular examination was done. Objective and Subjective refraction were performed. Spherical equivalent was calculated for patients with astigmatism. Keratometric readings (k1 and k2) and measurement of axial length were taken. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.7, r 2 =56.8%, p&lt;0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent objective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.2, r 2 =53.3%, p&lt;0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent subjective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.5, r 2 =8.5%, p&lt;0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent objective refraction and corneal power of the right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.3, r 2 =6.4%, p&lt;0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent subjective refraction and Corneal power of right eye. Negative correlation existed between axial length and corneal power but was not statistically significant (r=-0.0, p&lt;0.4). Conclusions: The study established that axial length and corneal power are the determinants of refractive status and that axial length is a stronger determinant.
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive ... more Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive retinopathies, there are other ocular manifestations of HIV and ocular side effects of HAART which are yet to be determined and evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the effect of HAART on Visual Acuity (VA) and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano State, Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital based cross-sectional study; consented patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and grouped into two groups A and B. Group A was those scheduled to commence HAART referred to as HAART naive, while group B was subdivided into four groups, comprising B1, B2, B3, B4, termed as HAART experience. There were 400 participants aged 25 to 55 years with mean age of 37.86 ± 7.5 years. Their mean CD4+ T cell count was 476.94 ± 272.3 cells/mm3. The mean IOP was 14.14 ± 2.65 mmHg and analysis of variance showed that there was no correlation ...
Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The a... more Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains...
brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are b... more brought to a focus upon the retina. In a hypermetropic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus behind the retina and in a myopic eye, incident parallel rays of light are brought to a focus in front of the retina. 1 Ametropia can be defined as a condition in which the image of an object fails to focus upon the retina and can ABSTRACT Background: Uncorrected refractive errors are a major cause of blindness and low vision. Determination of the etiology is essential in planning appropriate treatment modalities. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between axial length and corneal power with refractive status of patients with refractive error in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study in which 385 eligible patients were recruited. Relevant history was obtained from the patients and ocular examination was done. Objective and Subjective refraction were performed. Spherical equivalent was calculated for patients with astigmatism. Keratometric readings (k1 and k2) and measurement of axial length were taken. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.7, r 2 =56.8%, p<0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent objective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-1.2, r 2 =53.3%, p<0.0001) was found between Spherical equivalent subjective refraction and axial length of right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.5, r 2 =8.5%, p<0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent objective refraction and corneal power of the right eye. Statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.3, r 2 =6.4%, p<0.0001) was found between spherical equivalent subjective refraction and Corneal power of right eye. Negative correlation existed between axial length and corneal power but was not statistically significant (r=-0.0, p<0.4). Conclusions: The study established that axial length and corneal power are the determinants of refractive status and that axial length is a stronger determinant.
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Albinism is a heterogenous group of disorders of melanin synthesis or distribution that is geneti... more Albinism is a heterogenous group of disorders of melanin synthesis or distribution that is genetically inherited. Refractive errors are common in participants with albinism and high values have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of refractive errors in people living with albinism in North-Western Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital-based study, carried out over 12 months from April 2017-March 2018 (12 months) whereby persons with albinism from Kano and Jigawa states were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. A structured proforma was used to record findings of history, examination and subjective and objective refraction were measured for each patient. Data was analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0. A total of 61 participants with 122 eyes were examined. There were 32 males and 29 females (M: F= 1:1.1). Their ages ranged from 19 months to 60 years with a mean age ...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of opportunistic infection in HIV-inf... more Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. HCMV viraemia is an active infection marker and prelude to end-organ diseases (EODs), such as retinitis. The aim of the study was to assess the burden and associated factors of HCMV infection, viraemia and retinitis among HIV-infected patients in Nigeria.Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study of 160 HIV-infected adults, comprising 80 participants in each of <100/mm3 and ≥100 cells/mm3 CD4+ cell count groups, who attended HIV clinic at a tertiary hospital located in a major Nigerian city. A questionnaire was used to collect data from eligible consenting participants and their case files. Sera from all participants were tested for anti-HCMV IgG using ELISA method, and plasma of seropositive participants were subjected to PCR for HCMV viraemia. Participants whose samples were HCMV viraemic were examined for HCMV retinitis using indirect ophthalmoscopy. Data was analy...
To report the rare case of a patient with bilateral uveitis with meningococcal septicaemia from N... more To report the rare case of a patient with bilateral uveitis with meningococcal septicaemia from Neisseria meningitides, resulting to blindness and adjustment disorder. A 9-years-old boy presented to the Emergency paediatric unit of a hospital with complaints of fever, and neck stiffness of one week duration. There was associated sudden decreased vision, pain and photophobia of both eyes. Neck was stiff and retracted with positive Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs. Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from both the turbid CSF and the blood. Visual Acuity (VA) was Perception of Light (PL) and Counting Finger (CF) in right and left eyes (RE and LE) respectively, with 360 degrees posterior synechiae and pupillary membrane. Diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia with bilateral uveitis was made. Patient was treated with IV ceftriaxone, sub-conjunctival dexamethasone, dexamethasone, atropine and moxifloxacin eye drops and other supporting medications. Although he showed improvement of VA to R...
Purpose: Accommodative-convergence mechanism failure could occur in non presbyopic HIV- sero posi... more Purpose: Accommodative-convergence mechanism failure could occur in non presbyopic HIV- sero positive patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). This could be due to either direct neuronal infection by HIV, pathologic changes of the lens or the ciliary body or adverse effects of some individual drugs constituting the HAART regimen on the cranial nerves which play vital roles in the mechanism of accommodation and convergence. Case report: This is a case report of an accommodative- convergence mechanism failure in HIV positive non presbyopic 32-year-old male patient that was on HAART for more than five years. He presented with distance visual acuity (VA) of OD: 6/9 +2, OS: 6/9, and near visual acuity (NVA) of N24 both eyes, 3Δ esophoria at distance and 4Δ esophoria at near. Amplitude of accommodation (AA) was 3.50D and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio was 6/1. Following comprehensive evaluation, his refractive correction was OD: Plano/-0.50DC X 1...
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic disease affecting all regions across... more Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic disease affecting all regions across the globe and Nigeria having the second highest prevalence worldwide. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has profound negative effect on the optic nerve even though (HAART) has improved the health status of the affected individuals and overall reduction in mortality. Imaging modality especially ultrasound has a great role in the assessment of the optic nerve because of its availability, affordability, and easy operability with reliable sensitivity. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Ophthalmology, AKTH, Kano, from October 2017 to June 2018. A total of 143 consenting HIV-positive adults age 18–60 years on HAART were recruited. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of each eye was measured using 11–14 MHz linear transducer. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethic and research committee of the hospital. Results: The mean ONSD value of the right eye was 3.49 mm ± 1.04 standard deviation (SD) and 3.55 mm ± 1.11 SD for the left eye. The optic nerve diameter was found to be larger on the left eye and increased slightly with age (P < 0.05). There was nonsignificantly higher values of ONSD among female (3.59 mm ± 1.12 SD) when compared with males (3.332 mm ± 0.878) with P value >0.005. Conclusion: ONSD values among HIV-positive patients are significantly higher in the left eye and among female subjects. Also, patients with HIV on HAART have thicker optic nerves when compared with general population in Kano, Nigeria.
Craniofacial duplication known as diprosopus is a rare congenital disorder whereby parts or all o... more Craniofacial duplication known as diprosopus is a rare congenital disorder whereby parts or all of the face are duplicated on the head. This is a case of a 1-year-old boy referred to our hospital with an extra eye (third eye) on the left side of the head and an abnormally shaped head, which were noticed since birth. Pregnancy and delivery were uneventful. Apart from routine antenatal medication, there was no history suggestive of ingestion of traditional or other medication during pregnancy. No history of smoking during pregnancy and no history of exposure to radiation. The child was born in a rural area to a “nonconsanguineous marriage.” Examination revealed posterior plagiocephaly, a depressed anterior fontanelle, and a bulging posterior fontanelle. There was an extra eye (third eye) in the left temporal region. Radiologic findings showed the presence of two normally situated bony orbits and two extra orbits in the left temporal region. Well-formed globes were seen in the normal orbits while only one of the extra orbits contained a globe. The importance of prenatal diagnosis is emphasized.
SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...
SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2020
Context: Conjunctiva is a transparent membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the gl... more Context: Conjunctiva is a transparent membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the globe up to the corneoscleral limbus. It is a common site for the growth of lesions in the eye. Depending on their origin, conjunctival lesions could be non-neoplastic and neoplastic. The neoplastic lesions are either benign or malignant. These lesions can be distinguished based on the patient's history, clinical presentation and histopathological features. Aims: In this study, the pattern of excised conjunctival lesions was determined. Methods and Material: This was a 6-year (2010–2015) retrospective study of all excised conjunctival lesions diagnosed at the Pathology Laboratory of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Statistical analysis used: Data were analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 198 conjunctival lesions were diagnosed during the period. The male patients were 136 (68.70%), whereas the females were 62 (31.30%) with male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 37.69 ± 16.39 years. The neoplastic nature of the lesions was as follows: 54 (27.3%) were malignant, 61 (30.8%) were pre-malignant and 83 (41.9%) were benign. The most common lesions observed were conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia and squamous papilloma with frequencies of 50 (25.30%), 46 (23.20%) and 24 (12.10%), respectively. Conclusions: Benign lesions are the most common conjunctival lesions, whereas squamous papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common benign and malignant lesions, respectively.
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Papers by Sadiq Hassan