Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 2007
A prospective study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-If... more A prospective study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between 3 January and 31May 2004, to compare the accuracy of clinical and ultrasonographic estimation of foetal weight at term. One hundred pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria had their foetal weight estimated independently using clinical and ultrasonographic methods. Accuracy was determined by percentage error, absolute percentage error, and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birthweight (birthweight of +10%). Statistical analysis was done using the paired t-test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the chi-square test. The study sample had an actual average birthweight of 3,255+622 (range 2,150–4,950) g. Overall, the clinical method overestimated birthweight, while ultrasound underestimated it. The mean absolute percentage error of the clinical method was smaller than that of the sonographic method, and the number of estimates within 10% of actual b...
Assessing health related quality of life (HR-QOL) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has the ... more Assessing health related quality of life (HR-QOL) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has the potential to give an insight into the patients' perception of the burden of the disease and assess the effect of management. The aim of this study was to assess the HR-QOL in HIV patients who present for treatment in Uyo. The study is a prospective longitudinal study of PLWHA attending HIV clinics. One hundred and sixty-one newly diagnosed HIV patients were recruited by systematic sampling technique proportionately to the two public hospitals in Uyo. The patients were classified into Pre-HAART and HAART groups based on their eligibility to commence HAART. WHOQOL-HIV Bref was the instrument used at recruitment and at four months. Data was analyzed using STATA 10 statistical package. At recruitment, the HR-QOL of the Pre-HAART respondents was better than the HAART respondents across the domains, except for spirituality. While at four months both groups became similar except at social a...
Background: Universal healthcare coverage (UHC) leads to access to quality healthcare. Improved q... more Background: Universal healthcare coverage (UHC) leads to access to quality healthcare. Improved quality healthcare can stem outward medical tourism (MT). This review examined challenges and best practice policy options to implement UHC and how it can reduce outward MT in Nigeria. Methodology: The designed search terms used were “universal health coverage,” “quality healthcare” “medical tourism,” “access to healthcare,” “primary health care,” “healthcare financing,” “private health insurance,” “social health insurance,” and “Nigeria healthcare system.” Peer-reviewed research articles and institutional reports published between January 2000 and March 2020 were searched using four databases: PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Web of Science, and Library of Congress. EndNote X9 software and Google search engine were used to access these databases and documents, and 124 publications were retrieved and 106 were reviewed. Results: Majority of publications reviewed emphasized building he...
Child health, growth and development can be affected by the level of knowledge of caregivers and ... more Child health, growth and development can be affected by the level of knowledge of caregivers and utilization of available child health care services. The study objectives was to assess the knowledge and pattern of utilization of child health care services among caregivers of children under 5 years attending Primary Health Care (PHC) centres and factors influencing their utilization in Ejigbo Local Council Development Area (LCDA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from 148 caregivers of children under 5 years attending the three PHC facilities in the LCDA. Caregivers were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi InfoTM statistical software. The mean age of caregivers was 30 years (± 7.10 SD), about 53 percent are married, 74 percent had at least secondary school education, 43 percent are traders and 75 percent had access to med...
This study evaluated the impact of nutritional education on knowledge, attitude and practices (KA... more This study evaluated the impact of nutritional education on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of mothers concerning infants and young children feeding and their children's nutritional status in two semi-urban communities of south-west Nigeria. This is a community intervention study. We recruited 150 mothers of children aged 0-18 months independently from the intervention and control communities through a multi-stage sampling technique. We collected data with the aid of an interviewer-administered questionnaire at baseline and at six months after intervention from both communities to obtain information on feeding of infants and young children. In addition, we measured weights and heights of recruited children. Intervention involved group counselling of mothers and food demonstrations at designated health facilities. Data analysis for quantitative data was done using Epi-Info software, and for qualitative data, content analysis of major themes was used. Before intervention, ...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
Diarrhoea diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries especiall... more Diarrhoea diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially among children. Diarrhoea diseases have [corrected] been linked to specific behavioural practices and host factors that increase susceptibility such as failure to breastfeed until at least one year of age, malnutrition and immunodeficiency state e.g. AIDS. The objective of this paper is to design a training method for the prevention and control of diarrhoea diseases for Local Government (LGA) workers. This is a descriptive programme design for training highlighting the various steps essential for training on the prevention and control of diarrhoea diseases to LGA workers at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level. Programme design for the purpose of improving skills, knowledge and practices involves planning, implementation and evaluation. Planning involves identifying training needs by the collection and analysis of information related to specific need of each LGA worker at PHC level, set...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
This paper critically appraises the importance of community participation in health and developme... more This paper critically appraises the importance of community participation in health and development and the methods of involving them. It also emphasizes the role of every stakeholder in health and development. These involved the review of some literature on this subject and examination of issues arising from the review. Community participation in health offers various advantages in health care and development among which are helping communities to develop problem solving skills, making them to take responsibility for their health and welfare, ensuring that the need and problems of the community are adequately addressed, ensuring that the strategies and methods used are culturally and socially appropriate or acceptable and finally it enhances sustainability. It is the responsibility of the government at various level, non-governmental organizations, international health agencies and health care programme planners and providers to help the community to organize themselves and be invo...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
This is a descriptive case series study that attempt to identify the common presenting complaints... more This is a descriptive case series study that attempt to identify the common presenting complaints why children are brought to the Multipurpose Primary Health Centre (MPHC) at Ilesa and also to examine the treatment pattern of the common illnesses from birth to the first five years of life, from October 2000 to March 2001. Information was collected by reviewing the case records of all under five children who presented for treatment at the MPHC, Ilesa from October 2000 to March 2001 using a spreadsheet. The age, sex and presenting complaint as reported by their mothers were extracted from the records. The treatment given as recorded by the attending physician was also recorded. The findings of the study reveals that for every 20 outpatient visits to the centre, 11 were children under five years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Overall, fever, cough and diarrhoea were the commonest presenting complaint (77.2% of all presenting complaints) with fever taking the highest percentage (48....
Adequate birth preparedness and emergency/complication readiness (BP/CR) planning could determine... more Adequate birth preparedness and emergency/complication readiness (BP/CR) planning could determine the survival of a pregnant woman and her unborn child in maternal emergency. The study assessed adequacy of BP/CR plans of antenatal clinic attendees in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Pregnant women (less than 36 weeks gestation) attending antenatal clinics in selected health facilities were serially recruited into the study after they had given verbal informed consent. Data were collected with a purpose-designed questionnaire. SPSS version 11 statistical software was used for data entry and analysis. Four hundred pregnant women were recruited; 284 (71%) registered for antenatal care by 20 weeks of gestation. Concerning delivery planning, 350 (87.5%) had decided their place of delivery although 32 (9.1%) of these planned to deliver in mission houses or at home; 351 (87.8%) had started to purchase items needed for delivery or newborn care, 289 (71.0%) had identified someone to accompany t...
This study assessed the level of awareness and perception of women of child bearing age to tetanu... more This study assessed the level of awareness and perception of women of child bearing age to tetanus immunisation and determines the cover- age rate in Ojodu Local Council Development Area (LCDA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 288 women of child bearing age selected using multistage sampling technique. Information was obtained using structured close-ended questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Epi-InfoTM software, version 3.5.1. There was high level of awareness of tetanus immunisation among respondents (89%) and as a method of prevention of tetanus (76%). There was a positive association between the level of awareness and respondents' educational level and occupation (p < 0.05). However, there is a low level of awareness regarding the number of doses of the vaccine required in pregnancy(14.4%) and for life protection (19.5%). Those who ever received the vaccine,got it post-injury (48.9%) and in pregnancy (45.2%). Age, occupation an...
A prospective randomised study of 54 patients undergoing caesarean section was carried out to det... more A prospective randomised study of 54 patients undergoing caesarean section was carried out to determine if non-closure of peritoneum at lower segment caesarean section has advantages over suture peritonisation with regard to postoperative morbidity. A total of 27 women were randomised to closure and 27 to non-closure of peritoneum. Management decisions were made without reference to treatment groups. Statistical analysis compared the outcome between the two groups. The results revealed that anaesthesia and operating times were significantly shorter in patients that had the peritoneum left open. The incidence of febrile morbidity, wound infection, duration of postoperative and duration of hospital stay were not significantly different in both groups ( p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The study concludes that non-closure of peritoneum is associated with significantly reduced operation and anaesthesia time with a non-significant difference in immediate postoperative outcome. Non-closure of peritoneum should be adopted at caesarean delivery.
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of amniotomy on the outcome of spontaneous... more The objective of this study is to determine the effect of amniotomy on the outcome of spontaneous labour in uncomplicated pregnancy. A prospective randomised study of low-risk parous women with spontaneous onset of labour at term with singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and intact amniotic membranes and a cervical dilatation between 4 and 5 cm were randomly assigned to have amniotomy (Case) or no amniotomy (Control) during the course of labour. Maternal demographics, labour-delivery data and newborn outcome were compared. A total of 128 women were studied. The duration of labour was significantly shorter in the amniotomy group than the control group (208 vs 292 min; p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) with the only difference being in the first stage of labour. There was however no difference on the oxytocin requirement for labour augmentation, caesarean section rate, incidence of suspected fetal distress or instrumental delivery in both groups. Newborn outcome measured by Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min showed no significant difference. In conclusion, amniotomy significantly reduced the duration of the first stage of labour without affecting the oxytocin requirement, the rate of caesarean section and newborn outcome.
Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 2007
A prospective study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-If... more A prospective study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between 3 January and 31May 2004, to compare the accuracy of clinical and ultrasonographic estimation of foetal weight at term. One hundred pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria had their foetal weight estimated independently using clinical and ultrasonographic methods. Accuracy was determined by percentage error, absolute percentage error, and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birthweight (birthweight of +10%). Statistical analysis was done using the paired t-test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the chi-square test. The study sample had an actual average birthweight of 3,255+622 (range 2,150–4,950) g. Overall, the clinical method overestimated birthweight, while ultrasound underestimated it. The mean absolute percentage error of the clinical method was smaller than that of the sonographic method, and the number of estimates within 10% of actual b...
Assessing health related quality of life (HR-QOL) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has the ... more Assessing health related quality of life (HR-QOL) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has the potential to give an insight into the patients' perception of the burden of the disease and assess the effect of management. The aim of this study was to assess the HR-QOL in HIV patients who present for treatment in Uyo. The study is a prospective longitudinal study of PLWHA attending HIV clinics. One hundred and sixty-one newly diagnosed HIV patients were recruited by systematic sampling technique proportionately to the two public hospitals in Uyo. The patients were classified into Pre-HAART and HAART groups based on their eligibility to commence HAART. WHOQOL-HIV Bref was the instrument used at recruitment and at four months. Data was analyzed using STATA 10 statistical package. At recruitment, the HR-QOL of the Pre-HAART respondents was better than the HAART respondents across the domains, except for spirituality. While at four months both groups became similar except at social a...
Background: Universal healthcare coverage (UHC) leads to access to quality healthcare. Improved q... more Background: Universal healthcare coverage (UHC) leads to access to quality healthcare. Improved quality healthcare can stem outward medical tourism (MT). This review examined challenges and best practice policy options to implement UHC and how it can reduce outward MT in Nigeria. Methodology: The designed search terms used were “universal health coverage,” “quality healthcare” “medical tourism,” “access to healthcare,” “primary health care,” “healthcare financing,” “private health insurance,” “social health insurance,” and “Nigeria healthcare system.” Peer-reviewed research articles and institutional reports published between January 2000 and March 2020 were searched using four databases: PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Web of Science, and Library of Congress. EndNote X9 software and Google search engine were used to access these databases and documents, and 124 publications were retrieved and 106 were reviewed. Results: Majority of publications reviewed emphasized building he...
Child health, growth and development can be affected by the level of knowledge of caregivers and ... more Child health, growth and development can be affected by the level of knowledge of caregivers and utilization of available child health care services. The study objectives was to assess the knowledge and pattern of utilization of child health care services among caregivers of children under 5 years attending Primary Health Care (PHC) centres and factors influencing their utilization in Ejigbo Local Council Development Area (LCDA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from 148 caregivers of children under 5 years attending the three PHC facilities in the LCDA. Caregivers were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi InfoTM statistical software. The mean age of caregivers was 30 years (± 7.10 SD), about 53 percent are married, 74 percent had at least secondary school education, 43 percent are traders and 75 percent had access to med...
This study evaluated the impact of nutritional education on knowledge, attitude and practices (KA... more This study evaluated the impact of nutritional education on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of mothers concerning infants and young children feeding and their children's nutritional status in two semi-urban communities of south-west Nigeria. This is a community intervention study. We recruited 150 mothers of children aged 0-18 months independently from the intervention and control communities through a multi-stage sampling technique. We collected data with the aid of an interviewer-administered questionnaire at baseline and at six months after intervention from both communities to obtain information on feeding of infants and young children. In addition, we measured weights and heights of recruited children. Intervention involved group counselling of mothers and food demonstrations at designated health facilities. Data analysis for quantitative data was done using Epi-Info software, and for qualitative data, content analysis of major themes was used. Before intervention, ...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
Diarrhoea diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries especiall... more Diarrhoea diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially among children. Diarrhoea diseases have [corrected] been linked to specific behavioural practices and host factors that increase susceptibility such as failure to breastfeed until at least one year of age, malnutrition and immunodeficiency state e.g. AIDS. The objective of this paper is to design a training method for the prevention and control of diarrhoea diseases for Local Government (LGA) workers. This is a descriptive programme design for training highlighting the various steps essential for training on the prevention and control of diarrhoea diseases to LGA workers at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level. Programme design for the purpose of improving skills, knowledge and practices involves planning, implementation and evaluation. Planning involves identifying training needs by the collection and analysis of information related to specific need of each LGA worker at PHC level, set...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
This paper critically appraises the importance of community participation in health and developme... more This paper critically appraises the importance of community participation in health and development and the methods of involving them. It also emphasizes the role of every stakeholder in health and development. These involved the review of some literature on this subject and examination of issues arising from the review. Community participation in health offers various advantages in health care and development among which are helping communities to develop problem solving skills, making them to take responsibility for their health and welfare, ensuring that the need and problems of the community are adequately addressed, ensuring that the strategies and methods used are culturally and socially appropriate or acceptable and finally it enhances sustainability. It is the responsibility of the government at various level, non-governmental organizations, international health agencies and health care programme planners and providers to help the community to organize themselves and be invo...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
This is a descriptive case series study that attempt to identify the common presenting complaints... more This is a descriptive case series study that attempt to identify the common presenting complaints why children are brought to the Multipurpose Primary Health Centre (MPHC) at Ilesa and also to examine the treatment pattern of the common illnesses from birth to the first five years of life, from October 2000 to March 2001. Information was collected by reviewing the case records of all under five children who presented for treatment at the MPHC, Ilesa from October 2000 to March 2001 using a spreadsheet. The age, sex and presenting complaint as reported by their mothers were extracted from the records. The treatment given as recorded by the attending physician was also recorded. The findings of the study reveals that for every 20 outpatient visits to the centre, 11 were children under five years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Overall, fever, cough and diarrhoea were the commonest presenting complaint (77.2% of all presenting complaints) with fever taking the highest percentage (48....
Adequate birth preparedness and emergency/complication readiness (BP/CR) planning could determine... more Adequate birth preparedness and emergency/complication readiness (BP/CR) planning could determine the survival of a pregnant woman and her unborn child in maternal emergency. The study assessed adequacy of BP/CR plans of antenatal clinic attendees in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Pregnant women (less than 36 weeks gestation) attending antenatal clinics in selected health facilities were serially recruited into the study after they had given verbal informed consent. Data were collected with a purpose-designed questionnaire. SPSS version 11 statistical software was used for data entry and analysis. Four hundred pregnant women were recruited; 284 (71%) registered for antenatal care by 20 weeks of gestation. Concerning delivery planning, 350 (87.5%) had decided their place of delivery although 32 (9.1%) of these planned to deliver in mission houses or at home; 351 (87.8%) had started to purchase items needed for delivery or newborn care, 289 (71.0%) had identified someone to accompany t...
This study assessed the level of awareness and perception of women of child bearing age to tetanu... more This study assessed the level of awareness and perception of women of child bearing age to tetanus immunisation and determines the cover- age rate in Ojodu Local Council Development Area (LCDA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 288 women of child bearing age selected using multistage sampling technique. Information was obtained using structured close-ended questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Epi-InfoTM software, version 3.5.1. There was high level of awareness of tetanus immunisation among respondents (89%) and as a method of prevention of tetanus (76%). There was a positive association between the level of awareness and respondents' educational level and occupation (p < 0.05). However, there is a low level of awareness regarding the number of doses of the vaccine required in pregnancy(14.4%) and for life protection (19.5%). Those who ever received the vaccine,got it post-injury (48.9%) and in pregnancy (45.2%). Age, occupation an...
A prospective randomised study of 54 patients undergoing caesarean section was carried out to det... more A prospective randomised study of 54 patients undergoing caesarean section was carried out to determine if non-closure of peritoneum at lower segment caesarean section has advantages over suture peritonisation with regard to postoperative morbidity. A total of 27 women were randomised to closure and 27 to non-closure of peritoneum. Management decisions were made without reference to treatment groups. Statistical analysis compared the outcome between the two groups. The results revealed that anaesthesia and operating times were significantly shorter in patients that had the peritoneum left open. The incidence of febrile morbidity, wound infection, duration of postoperative and duration of hospital stay were not significantly different in both groups ( p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The study concludes that non-closure of peritoneum is associated with significantly reduced operation and anaesthesia time with a non-significant difference in immediate postoperative outcome. Non-closure of peritoneum should be adopted at caesarean delivery.
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of amniotomy on the outcome of spontaneous... more The objective of this study is to determine the effect of amniotomy on the outcome of spontaneous labour in uncomplicated pregnancy. A prospective randomised study of low-risk parous women with spontaneous onset of labour at term with singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and intact amniotic membranes and a cervical dilatation between 4 and 5 cm were randomly assigned to have amniotomy (Case) or no amniotomy (Control) during the course of labour. Maternal demographics, labour-delivery data and newborn outcome were compared. A total of 128 women were studied. The duration of labour was significantly shorter in the amniotomy group than the control group (208 vs 292 min; p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) with the only difference being in the first stage of labour. There was however no difference on the oxytocin requirement for labour augmentation, caesarean section rate, incidence of suspected fetal distress or instrumental delivery in both groups. Newborn outcome measured by Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min showed no significant difference. In conclusion, amniotomy significantly reduced the duration of the first stage of labour without affecting the oxytocin requirement, the rate of caesarean section and newborn outcome.
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