This article presents an integrator model of changes in the externalizing and internalizing facto... more This article presents an integrator model of changes in the externalizing and internalizing factors of personality grouped in the General Factor of Personality (GFP), based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT) [1]. This theory proposes that a continuum exists between personality and psychopathology, as well as the existence of a GFP that occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (externalizing spectrum) to an anxiety-and-introversion pole (internalizing spectrum). With an experimental intra-group design, 30 regular users of stimulant drugs (cocaine and amphetamine) used the Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT). The SRT is a psychological procedure based on classic conditioning and suggestion used to experience a relaxation effect after the first session, and a stimulation effect during the second session. This stimulation is achieved by reproducing, by the SRT, the sensations produced by stimulant drugs. Effects we...
The objective of this paper is to present a mathematical formalism that states a bridge between p... more The objective of this paper is to present a mathematical formalism that states a bridge between physics and psychology, concretely between analytical dynamics and personality theory, in order to open new insights in this theory. In this formalism, energy plays a central role. First, the short-term personality dynamics can be measured by the General Factor of Personality (GFP) response to an arbitrary stimulus. This GFP dynamical response is modeled by a stimulus–response model: an integro-differential equation. The bridge between physics and psychology appears when the stimulus–response model can be formulated as a linear second order differential equation and, subsequently, reformulated as a Newtonian equation. This bridge is strengthened when the Newtonian equation is derived from a minimum action principle, obtaining the current Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions. However, the Hamiltonian function is non-conserved energy. Then, some changes lead to a conserved Hamiltonian funct...
En la actualidad, en la Unión Europea, y sobre todo en España, el paro es elevado y persistente. ... more En la actualidad, en la Unión Europea, y sobre todo en España, el paro es elevado y persistente. Aumenta en las recesiones y no disminuye significativamente en las recuperaciones sino es a costa de generar presiones inflacionistas. Desde la teoría económica clásica se hace responsable de esta situación a factores como la presión salarial, las rigideces del mercado laboral y el creciente déficit público que expulsa inversión privada. En este artículo se propone una interpretación alternativa del fenómeno del paro y una política económica y social, la Política de Pleno Empleo (PPE), que otorga a la intervención del Estado un papel determinante. Se defiende aquí que esta política económica, lejos de generar desequilibrios, constituirá un factor de estabilidad económica a largo plazo que asegurará el crecimiento sostenido. Y para demostrar esto se ha realizado una simulación por ordenador con el MOISEES (programa de simulación de la economía española) para el período 1983-1988.
The Unique Personality Trait Theory (UPTT) postulates that glutamate is the most significant biol... more The Unique Personality Trait Theory (UPTT) postulates that glutamate is the most significant biological substrate of personality. In this study, the analysis of personality dynamics by glutamate's reactivity to one dose of a stimulant drug, the methylphenidate, is performed. Moreover, the conditioned dynamics of drug effects by using the self-regulation therapy is also studied. An ABC single case experimental design with replication with two subjects has been performed. In the three phases each subject fills the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) of the MAACL each 15 minutes (17 registers for each phase). Sensation seeking is considered as an acceptable approximation for the measurement of the unique trait. Blood samples were obtained each one hour (5 samples for each phase). The first phase was the base-line, while for the second phase both subjects consumed 20 mg of methylphenidate. For the third phase, subject 1 consumed 40 mg of methylphenidate and subject 2 applied the self-regu...
We present in this article a first system approach to the society survival theory. This theory pr... more We present in this article a first system approach to the society survival theory. This theory predicts the emergency of some new socio-economic structures and their ideological supra-structures. The causes of these emergencies are pressures and punctual crises. Thus, the evolution of societies is not described by a linear and progressive vision, as a consequence of progress. Oppositely, the society survival theory defends the existence of some mechanisms of survival that are present in all type of societies and in any historic stage. The future mathematical model, based on this system approach, should simulate these mechanisms that would contribute, for instance, to understand the fall of the Ancient Regime and the emergence of the First French Republic. The French Revolution was the most important event of the beginning of Contemporary Age, and it was a great important event for the development of the contemporary world. This event is explained through the society survival theory.
This study presents a brief scale of adjectives, the Five Adjective Scale (FAS) that attempts to ... more This study presents a brief scale of adjectives, the Five Adjective Scale (FAS) that attempts to assess one trait that defines the overall personality, the Unique Personality Trait. It is composed by five adjectives in trait-format of response. This scale presents adequate internal consistency and construct-validity. Moreover, the relationships with the personality factors of other models (Big Five and Big Three) are as expected. So, FAS is related positively with Extraversion, Psychoticism, Agreeableness and Openness, and negatively with Neuroticism and Conscientiousness. However, the FAS can integrate all of basic traits of personality.
A dynamic response model of brain to a single dose of a stimulant drug is presented. The model is... more A dynamic response model of brain to a single dose of a stimulant drug is presented. The model is characterized by an inhibitor effect that changes progressively from the beginning of the dynamics and is represented by four coupled ordinary differential equations. From this representation, a qualitative analysis and a suitable numerical approximation in order to obtain its solutions are performed. The experimental validation of the model is achieved with data obtained from an individual after caffeine consumption, measuring the brain response with a sensation seeking hedonic scale.
The General Factor of Personality (GFP) is a new psychological approach of the study of the human... more The General Factor of Personality (GFP) is a new psychological approach of the study of the human personality that is based on the idea that, as in the case of General Intelligence, there is a personality super-factor that agglutinates and represents all the other aspects of personality. Therefore, it can be considered as a system of personality subsystems, or a global and integrated system of all the different components from the personality.
En este articulo se estudia la influencia de variables actitudinales y de personalidad sobre el c... more En este articulo se estudia la influencia de variables actitudinales y de personalidad sobre el consumo, el abuso y la dependencia del cannabis y la respuesta a mensajes sobre el consumo de cannabis de dos tipos: uno permisivo sobre el consumo y otro punitivo y atemorizante. Para ello se administro una encuesta sobre drogas a 156 consumidores frecuentes de cannabis, que eran estudiantes de bachillerato, COU y de primer curso de Universidad, en su gran mayoria. La encuesta consta de dos partes: el cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-J y A) y u cuestionario sobre aspectos relacionados con el consumo de drogas y, en particular, de cannabis (patrones de consumo, motivaciones, actitudes, efectos a corto y largo plazo de cannabis, control percibido, y preferencia de mensajes permisivos o punitivos del consumo de drogas). Los resultados confirman que las variables actitudinales y de personalidad (en particular psicoticismo e inconformismo) son buenos predictores del abuso y depend...
Background: This study consists of a brief psychological intervention, which uses the Self-Regula... more Background: This study consists of a brief psychological intervention, which uses the Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT, procedure based on suggestion and classical conditioning), to improve coping with stress and emotionality by reproducing the positive effects of illegal drugs: cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy. Method: 15 volunteers (8 males, 7 females), with a mean age of 24.67 (SD = 4.43), underwent intervention to improve their coping with stress and emotionality using SRT. They carried out pre- and post-intervention scores for 10 days and during a 4-week fol-low-up. The employed instruments were: COPE (Coping Skills Inventory) and PNAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Results: SRT was superior to non-intervention for the 4 coping strategies (2= .829, .453, .411 and .606) and for positive (2= .371) and negative emotionality (2= .419). An improvement in scores was evidenced in the follow-up scores compared to the pre-intervention measures. Conclusions: This study shows for the f...
This paper presents a dynamical integro-differential equation to reproduce the dynamical response... more This paper presents a dynamical integro-differential equation to reproduce the dynamical response of the General Factor of Personality (GFP) to a stimulus dose, particularly to a stimulant drug dose. The model is called in the past authors publications as response model. We refer to it as the old response model, due to a new response model presented here that solves partially the problem of the model validation: how to forecast the GFP dynamical response from a previous model calibration. The application case presented is an individual ABC experimental design where the stimulus used is methylphenidate.
This study demonstrates the efficacy of Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT) to induce effects of cocain... more This study demonstrates the efficacy of Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT) to induce effects of cocaine and speed in a single session. SRT is a suggestion procedure of sensorial recall exercises (salivation, feeling of weight, tension, etc.) that increases the capacity to reproduce all sensation types and those that drugs produce. The Self-Regulation Scale (SRS) measures this capacity. Four groups participated, formed according to drug use: Group 1 (uses no illegal drugs); Group 2 (experimentally uses cannabis only); Group 3 (moderate drug users); Group 4 (regular drug users, especially stimulants). All four groups participated in an SRT session to induce relaxation. No differences in the SRS were found. Group 4 also participated in a session that reproduced effects of drugs with SRT, when Euphoria and the Effects of drugs score (high and rush) substantially increased in relation to the base-line (MD= –5.83;p< .001; andMD= -3;p< .001, respectively) and in relation to the relaxation...
A deepening in the biological nature of the general factor of personality (GFP) is suggested: the... more A deepening in the biological nature of the general factor of personality (GFP) is suggested: the activation level of the stress system is here represented by the gene expression of c-fos. The results of a single case experimental design are reported. A model of four coupled differential equations that explains the human personality dynamics as a consequence of a single stimulant drug intake has been fitted to psychological and biological experimental data. The stimulant-drug conditioning and its adaptation to the considered mathematical model is also studied for both kinds of measures. The dynamics of the c-fos expression presents a similar pattern to the dynamics of the psychological measures of personality assessed by the GFP-FAS (Five-Adjective Scale of the General Factor of Personality) as a consequence of a single dose of stimulant drug (methylphenidate). The model predicts similar dynamic patterns for both psychological and biological measures. This study proves that describi...
General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This p... more General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This paper uses a theoretical mathematical model to predict the short-term effects of a dose of a stimulant drug on GFP and reports the results of an experiment showing how caffeine achieves this. This study considers the General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The GFP dynamic mechanism of change is based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (approach tendency) to an anxiety-andintroversion pole (avoidance tendency). An experiment with 25 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed the GFPQ and the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the trait version of MAACL-R (Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist Revised) on an empty stomach. The participants in the...
2012 IEEE International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS), 2012
ABSTRACT The body-mind problem is here posed from the General Factor of Personality Theory and ma... more ABSTRACT The body-mind problem is here posed from the General Factor of Personality Theory and mathematically presented as a relativity theory: 1. A two-level-invariant model; 2. The transformation equation between both levels. On a hand, the investigation of personality dynamics as a consequence of a stimulant drug provides a system of two coupled differential equations, which adapts to both biological (body) and psychological (mind)levels of description. On the other hand, a system of two coupled partial differential equations is here deduced as the transformation model between the biological and psychological levels. Both models are presented and validated in this paper. The experimental design to validate both models consists in giving a dose of methyl phenidate to an individual and to measure the psychological response (mind) by 5 adjectives of the GPF-FAS scores and the biological response (body)by the concentration of L-glutamate and c-fos in blood.
ABSTRACT Self-regulation therapy is based on the use of sensory recall exercises, through which c... more ABSTRACT Self-regulation therapy is based on the use of sensory recall exercises, through which clients learn to respond actively to suggestions. Suggestions are given without a trance induction and without having the client close his or her eyes or adopt a passive attitude. Also, unlike conventional hypnosis, there is no loss of initiative or &quot;subsidence of the planning function&quot; (see Hilgard, 1986, p. 164) during self-regulation therapy. As a result, there is no inhibition of fluent, spontaneous, self-initiated speech and behavior. During emotional self-regulation therapy, the client can speak with the therapist as usual, while maintaining a high level of responsiveness to suggestions. Because there is no inhibition of initiative, the patient is able to play an active role in choosing and improving strategies and suggestions proposed by the therapist. Outcome studies have demonstrated that self-regulation therapy is an effective treatment for smoking cessation and obesity (Capafons, 1993; Capafons &amp; Amigó, 1995; Capafons &amp; Amigó, 1995). In a pilot study, Sanchez and Moix (1993) reported the successful treatment of two dysmenorrheic patients through emotional self-regulation therapy, the most common form of self-regulation therapy. This work, as well as the personal, economic, and social repercussions of dysmenorrhea, encouraged us to apply emotional self-regulation therapy to a patient, Anna, who sought psychological help for dysmenorrhea. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This article presents an integrator model of changes in the externalizing and internalizing facto... more This article presents an integrator model of changes in the externalizing and internalizing factors of personality grouped in the General Factor of Personality (GFP), based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT) [1]. This theory proposes that a continuum exists between personality and psychopathology, as well as the existence of a GFP that occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (externalizing spectrum) to an anxiety-and-introversion pole (internalizing spectrum). With an experimental intra-group design, 30 regular users of stimulant drugs (cocaine and amphetamine) used the Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT). The SRT is a psychological procedure based on classic conditioning and suggestion used to experience a relaxation effect after the first session, and a stimulation effect during the second session. This stimulation is achieved by reproducing, by the SRT, the sensations produced by stimulant drugs. Effects we...
The objective of this paper is to present a mathematical formalism that states a bridge between p... more The objective of this paper is to present a mathematical formalism that states a bridge between physics and psychology, concretely between analytical dynamics and personality theory, in order to open new insights in this theory. In this formalism, energy plays a central role. First, the short-term personality dynamics can be measured by the General Factor of Personality (GFP) response to an arbitrary stimulus. This GFP dynamical response is modeled by a stimulus–response model: an integro-differential equation. The bridge between physics and psychology appears when the stimulus–response model can be formulated as a linear second order differential equation and, subsequently, reformulated as a Newtonian equation. This bridge is strengthened when the Newtonian equation is derived from a minimum action principle, obtaining the current Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions. However, the Hamiltonian function is non-conserved energy. Then, some changes lead to a conserved Hamiltonian funct...
En la actualidad, en la Unión Europea, y sobre todo en España, el paro es elevado y persistente. ... more En la actualidad, en la Unión Europea, y sobre todo en España, el paro es elevado y persistente. Aumenta en las recesiones y no disminuye significativamente en las recuperaciones sino es a costa de generar presiones inflacionistas. Desde la teoría económica clásica se hace responsable de esta situación a factores como la presión salarial, las rigideces del mercado laboral y el creciente déficit público que expulsa inversión privada. En este artículo se propone una interpretación alternativa del fenómeno del paro y una política económica y social, la Política de Pleno Empleo (PPE), que otorga a la intervención del Estado un papel determinante. Se defiende aquí que esta política económica, lejos de generar desequilibrios, constituirá un factor de estabilidad económica a largo plazo que asegurará el crecimiento sostenido. Y para demostrar esto se ha realizado una simulación por ordenador con el MOISEES (programa de simulación de la economía española) para el período 1983-1988.
The Unique Personality Trait Theory (UPTT) postulates that glutamate is the most significant biol... more The Unique Personality Trait Theory (UPTT) postulates that glutamate is the most significant biological substrate of personality. In this study, the analysis of personality dynamics by glutamate's reactivity to one dose of a stimulant drug, the methylphenidate, is performed. Moreover, the conditioned dynamics of drug effects by using the self-regulation therapy is also studied. An ABC single case experimental design with replication with two subjects has been performed. In the three phases each subject fills the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) of the MAACL each 15 minutes (17 registers for each phase). Sensation seeking is considered as an acceptable approximation for the measurement of the unique trait. Blood samples were obtained each one hour (5 samples for each phase). The first phase was the base-line, while for the second phase both subjects consumed 20 mg of methylphenidate. For the third phase, subject 1 consumed 40 mg of methylphenidate and subject 2 applied the self-regu...
We present in this article a first system approach to the society survival theory. This theory pr... more We present in this article a first system approach to the society survival theory. This theory predicts the emergency of some new socio-economic structures and their ideological supra-structures. The causes of these emergencies are pressures and punctual crises. Thus, the evolution of societies is not described by a linear and progressive vision, as a consequence of progress. Oppositely, the society survival theory defends the existence of some mechanisms of survival that are present in all type of societies and in any historic stage. The future mathematical model, based on this system approach, should simulate these mechanisms that would contribute, for instance, to understand the fall of the Ancient Regime and the emergence of the First French Republic. The French Revolution was the most important event of the beginning of Contemporary Age, and it was a great important event for the development of the contemporary world. This event is explained through the society survival theory.
This study presents a brief scale of adjectives, the Five Adjective Scale (FAS) that attempts to ... more This study presents a brief scale of adjectives, the Five Adjective Scale (FAS) that attempts to assess one trait that defines the overall personality, the Unique Personality Trait. It is composed by five adjectives in trait-format of response. This scale presents adequate internal consistency and construct-validity. Moreover, the relationships with the personality factors of other models (Big Five and Big Three) are as expected. So, FAS is related positively with Extraversion, Psychoticism, Agreeableness and Openness, and negatively with Neuroticism and Conscientiousness. However, the FAS can integrate all of basic traits of personality.
A dynamic response model of brain to a single dose of a stimulant drug is presented. The model is... more A dynamic response model of brain to a single dose of a stimulant drug is presented. The model is characterized by an inhibitor effect that changes progressively from the beginning of the dynamics and is represented by four coupled ordinary differential equations. From this representation, a qualitative analysis and a suitable numerical approximation in order to obtain its solutions are performed. The experimental validation of the model is achieved with data obtained from an individual after caffeine consumption, measuring the brain response with a sensation seeking hedonic scale.
The General Factor of Personality (GFP) is a new psychological approach of the study of the human... more The General Factor of Personality (GFP) is a new psychological approach of the study of the human personality that is based on the idea that, as in the case of General Intelligence, there is a personality super-factor that agglutinates and represents all the other aspects of personality. Therefore, it can be considered as a system of personality subsystems, or a global and integrated system of all the different components from the personality.
En este articulo se estudia la influencia de variables actitudinales y de personalidad sobre el c... more En este articulo se estudia la influencia de variables actitudinales y de personalidad sobre el consumo, el abuso y la dependencia del cannabis y la respuesta a mensajes sobre el consumo de cannabis de dos tipos: uno permisivo sobre el consumo y otro punitivo y atemorizante. Para ello se administro una encuesta sobre drogas a 156 consumidores frecuentes de cannabis, que eran estudiantes de bachillerato, COU y de primer curso de Universidad, en su gran mayoria. La encuesta consta de dos partes: el cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-J y A) y u cuestionario sobre aspectos relacionados con el consumo de drogas y, en particular, de cannabis (patrones de consumo, motivaciones, actitudes, efectos a corto y largo plazo de cannabis, control percibido, y preferencia de mensajes permisivos o punitivos del consumo de drogas). Los resultados confirman que las variables actitudinales y de personalidad (en particular psicoticismo e inconformismo) son buenos predictores del abuso y depend...
Background: This study consists of a brief psychological intervention, which uses the Self-Regula... more Background: This study consists of a brief psychological intervention, which uses the Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT, procedure based on suggestion and classical conditioning), to improve coping with stress and emotionality by reproducing the positive effects of illegal drugs: cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy. Method: 15 volunteers (8 males, 7 females), with a mean age of 24.67 (SD = 4.43), underwent intervention to improve their coping with stress and emotionality using SRT. They carried out pre- and post-intervention scores for 10 days and during a 4-week fol-low-up. The employed instruments were: COPE (Coping Skills Inventory) and PNAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Results: SRT was superior to non-intervention for the 4 coping strategies (2= .829, .453, .411 and .606) and for positive (2= .371) and negative emotionality (2= .419). An improvement in scores was evidenced in the follow-up scores compared to the pre-intervention measures. Conclusions: This study shows for the f...
This paper presents a dynamical integro-differential equation to reproduce the dynamical response... more This paper presents a dynamical integro-differential equation to reproduce the dynamical response of the General Factor of Personality (GFP) to a stimulus dose, particularly to a stimulant drug dose. The model is called in the past authors publications as response model. We refer to it as the old response model, due to a new response model presented here that solves partially the problem of the model validation: how to forecast the GFP dynamical response from a previous model calibration. The application case presented is an individual ABC experimental design where the stimulus used is methylphenidate.
This study demonstrates the efficacy of Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT) to induce effects of cocain... more This study demonstrates the efficacy of Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT) to induce effects of cocaine and speed in a single session. SRT is a suggestion procedure of sensorial recall exercises (salivation, feeling of weight, tension, etc.) that increases the capacity to reproduce all sensation types and those that drugs produce. The Self-Regulation Scale (SRS) measures this capacity. Four groups participated, formed according to drug use: Group 1 (uses no illegal drugs); Group 2 (experimentally uses cannabis only); Group 3 (moderate drug users); Group 4 (regular drug users, especially stimulants). All four groups participated in an SRT session to induce relaxation. No differences in the SRS were found. Group 4 also participated in a session that reproduced effects of drugs with SRT, when Euphoria and the Effects of drugs score (high and rush) substantially increased in relation to the base-line (MD= –5.83;p< .001; andMD= -3;p< .001, respectively) and in relation to the relaxation...
A deepening in the biological nature of the general factor of personality (GFP) is suggested: the... more A deepening in the biological nature of the general factor of personality (GFP) is suggested: the activation level of the stress system is here represented by the gene expression of c-fos. The results of a single case experimental design are reported. A model of four coupled differential equations that explains the human personality dynamics as a consequence of a single stimulant drug intake has been fitted to psychological and biological experimental data. The stimulant-drug conditioning and its adaptation to the considered mathematical model is also studied for both kinds of measures. The dynamics of the c-fos expression presents a similar pattern to the dynamics of the psychological measures of personality assessed by the GFP-FAS (Five-Adjective Scale of the General Factor of Personality) as a consequence of a single dose of stimulant drug (methylphenidate). The model predicts similar dynamic patterns for both psychological and biological measures. This study proves that describi...
General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This p... more General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This paper uses a theoretical mathematical model to predict the short-term effects of a dose of a stimulant drug on GFP and reports the results of an experiment showing how caffeine achieves this. This study considers the General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The GFP dynamic mechanism of change is based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (approach tendency) to an anxiety-andintroversion pole (avoidance tendency). An experiment with 25 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed the GFPQ and the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the trait version of MAACL-R (Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist Revised) on an empty stomach. The participants in the...
2012 IEEE International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS), 2012
ABSTRACT The body-mind problem is here posed from the General Factor of Personality Theory and ma... more ABSTRACT The body-mind problem is here posed from the General Factor of Personality Theory and mathematically presented as a relativity theory: 1. A two-level-invariant model; 2. The transformation equation between both levels. On a hand, the investigation of personality dynamics as a consequence of a stimulant drug provides a system of two coupled differential equations, which adapts to both biological (body) and psychological (mind)levels of description. On the other hand, a system of two coupled partial differential equations is here deduced as the transformation model between the biological and psychological levels. Both models are presented and validated in this paper. The experimental design to validate both models consists in giving a dose of methyl phenidate to an individual and to measure the psychological response (mind) by 5 adjectives of the GPF-FAS scores and the biological response (body)by the concentration of L-glutamate and c-fos in blood.
ABSTRACT Self-regulation therapy is based on the use of sensory recall exercises, through which c... more ABSTRACT Self-regulation therapy is based on the use of sensory recall exercises, through which clients learn to respond actively to suggestions. Suggestions are given without a trance induction and without having the client close his or her eyes or adopt a passive attitude. Also, unlike conventional hypnosis, there is no loss of initiative or &quot;subsidence of the planning function&quot; (see Hilgard, 1986, p. 164) during self-regulation therapy. As a result, there is no inhibition of fluent, spontaneous, self-initiated speech and behavior. During emotional self-regulation therapy, the client can speak with the therapist as usual, while maintaining a high level of responsiveness to suggestions. Because there is no inhibition of initiative, the patient is able to play an active role in choosing and improving strategies and suggestions proposed by the therapist. Outcome studies have demonstrated that self-regulation therapy is an effective treatment for smoking cessation and obesity (Capafons, 1993; Capafons &amp; Amigó, 1995; Capafons &amp; Amigó, 1995). In a pilot study, Sanchez and Moix (1993) reported the successful treatment of two dysmenorrheic patients through emotional self-regulation therapy, the most common form of self-regulation therapy. This work, as well as the personal, economic, and social repercussions of dysmenorrhea, encouraged us to apply emotional self-regulation therapy to a patient, Anna, who sought psychological help for dysmenorrhea. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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