The Box‐Behnken experimental design method was applied to study optimization of dry reforming of ... more The Box‐Behnken experimental design method was applied to study optimization of dry reforming of methane over a magnesia‐supported nickel catalyst (Ni/MgO). The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and characterized using Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Response surface methodology (RSM) modified by the Box‐Cox method was applied to investigate the effect of different operating parameters on conversion and formation of the different components of the reaction system. The RSM‐generated predictive models verified by analysis of variance were used to simulate the responses of the operating variables. This study revealed that the reaction temperature has the most pronounced effect followed by the CO2/CH4 mole ratio while the gas hourly space velocity had a negligible impact.
Catalysts containing 0.35% Pt on Hand NH 4 -mordenites were prepared via Pt incorporation in H-M,... more Catalysts containing 0.35% Pt on Hand NH 4 -mordenites were prepared via Pt incorporation in H-M, (Pt/H-M); Pt incorporation in steamed H-M, (Pt/StH-M); steam-treating of Pt/H-M, (StPt/H-M); Pt incorporation in NH 4 -M, (Pt/NH 4 -M); and steam-treating of Pt/VH 4 -M, (StPt/VH 4 -M). The catalysts were tested for n-hexane hydroconversion whereby their activities were found to be in the order: Pt/NH4-M > Pt/StH-M > Pt/H-M > StPt/H-M > StPt/NH 4 -M. Several catalyst characteristics were evaluated; diffusion restriction extent via calculating the Thiele modulus, Pt dispersion in the zeolitic supports by H2 chemisorption, strength of strong acid sites via measuring temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and evaluation of the deammoniation extent of NH4-M containing catalysts using the DSC system. Moreover, the activation energy and entropy change for the hydroconversion reaction were estimated and correlated with the c...
Hydroconversion of n-hexane was studied on catalysts containing 0.25% Pt supported on H-mordenite... more Hydroconversion of n-hexane was studied on catalysts containing 0.25% Pt supported on H-mordenite (H-M) and NH4-M. The H-M containing catalysts were Pt/H-M, Pt on steamed H-M (Pt/St H-M) and steamed Pt/H-M (StPt/H-M), whereas the NH4-M containing catalysts were Pt/NH4-M and StPt/NH4-M. Steam-treatment of H-M containing catalysts enhanced the hydroconversion activity, whereas such treatment decreased the activity of the Pt/NH4-M catalyst. The diffusion resistance parameter, i.e., the Thiele modulus, ΦL, estimated for the reaction on the catalysts under study was found to increase with the increase in the catalytic activity, and both were found to decrease in the order:
Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were ... more Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were prepared using mechanomixing method. The nano-catalysts were characterized by N2-adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV 254 nm and visible light was examined. In general, prepared catalysts are more active for degradation of dye under visible light than UV, reaching 96% within 180min irradiation using the SnO catalyst. Photo-degradation of methylene blue followed pseudo-first-order reaction mechanism with a rate constant of 14.8103min1, and the time required for removal of 50% of dye was 47 min.
Toluene was alkylated with methanol in a flow type reactor at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C... more Toluene was alkylated with methanol in a flow type reactor at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C using H-ZSM-5 zeolite, 0.2%Pt/H-ZSM-5 and hydrofluorinated 0.2%Pt/H-ZSM-5 with HF concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, or 4.0%. Pt primarily enhances toluene conversion, total xylenes production, and p-xylene relative to its thermodynamic equilibrium. As the concentration of HF increases from 1.0% to 3.0%, the catalyst
In the present study, two series of Ni/Ce/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared. The first one is n% Ni/Ce... more In the present study, two series of Ni/Ce/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared. The first one is n% Ni/Ce0.74Zr0.26O2 (n = 0, 2, 10 and 20 wt %). The second is 10%Ni / m (Ce/ZrO2) (m = 0, 4, 6 and 8). Catalysts have been investigated for ethanol steam reforming (ESR) to produce hydrogen. The reaction was studied in an atmospheric flow system, the temperature range was 200-600 ºC and water/ethanol (6, 8, 10 molar ratio). The effect of using H2O2 as an oxidant in auto-thermal reforming of ethanol has been also investigated (at 400 ºC, and H2O2/ethanol ratio = 8) to get highest hydrogen selectivity with lower CO ratio. Numerical evaluation and analysis have been performed for the above obtained results. It has been observed that the ethanol conversion, hydrogen production and some of the various investigated relations are functions of more than one independent variable. So, the response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to evaluate these relations.
Reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas (H2 + CO) has been investig... more Reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas (H2 + CO) has been investigated over rhodium (0.5 wt. %) supported on γ- alumina catalyst. The detection of both major and minor components in the natural gas before and after reforming, in addition to the produced synthesis gas, requires a high sensitive gas chromatograph. This research aims to study the effect of the space velocity and temperature on the conversion of carbon dioxide and all the components of the natural gas. The space velocity 18000 mL g-1 h-1 and the temperature 800oC are the optimum operating conditions giving the highest conversion of both the natural gas and carbon dioxide, but the space velocity 36000 mL g-1 h-1 and the temperature at 700oC are the preferred conditions for production of the synthesis gas (H2 + CO).
Catalytic reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce syngas has been investigated ov... more Catalytic reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce syngas has been investigated over ruthenium (0.5 wt %) supported on γ-alumina. Capillary gas chromatography was used to detect and evaluate the hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons in the natural gas before and after reaction. This research aims to study the effect of the space velocity and temperature on the conversion of carbon dioxide and all the components of the natural gas. The space velocity 36000 ml g-1h-1 and the temperature 800oC are the optimum operating conditions giving the highest conversion of both the methane and carbon dioxide, but the space velocity 18000 ml g-1 h-1 and the temperature at 800oC are the preferred conditions for production of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas).
The activities of Cu/TiO 2 prepared by a gamma-ray irradiation and Cu-doped TiO 2 sample prepared... more The activities of Cu/TiO 2 prepared by a gamma-ray irradiation and Cu-doped TiO 2 sample prepared by a sol-gel method in photodegradation of methyl orange dye were examined. Structural and properties of the solids investigated have been studied using XRD, EDX, TEM, FTIR and BET techniques. The particles of the prepared TiO 2 have high surface area and an anatase phase structure. The remaining concentrations of 10 ppm MO at PH 1 reaches 0.13 and 2.25 ppm after 120 min under UV irradiation using 0.15g/L of Cu/TiO 2 and Cu-TiO 2 catalysts respectively.
The Box‐Behnken experimental design method was applied to study optimization of dry reforming of ... more The Box‐Behnken experimental design method was applied to study optimization of dry reforming of methane over a magnesia‐supported nickel catalyst (Ni/MgO). The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and characterized using Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Response surface methodology (RSM) modified by the Box‐Cox method was applied to investigate the effect of different operating parameters on conversion and formation of the different components of the reaction system. The RSM‐generated predictive models verified by analysis of variance were used to simulate the responses of the operating variables. This study revealed that the reaction temperature has the most pronounced effect followed by the CO2/CH4 mole ratio while the gas hourly space velocity had a negligible impact.
Catalysts containing 0.35% Pt on Hand NH 4 -mordenites were prepared via Pt incorporation in H-M,... more Catalysts containing 0.35% Pt on Hand NH 4 -mordenites were prepared via Pt incorporation in H-M, (Pt/H-M); Pt incorporation in steamed H-M, (Pt/StH-M); steam-treating of Pt/H-M, (StPt/H-M); Pt incorporation in NH 4 -M, (Pt/NH 4 -M); and steam-treating of Pt/VH 4 -M, (StPt/VH 4 -M). The catalysts were tested for n-hexane hydroconversion whereby their activities were found to be in the order: Pt/NH4-M > Pt/StH-M > Pt/H-M > StPt/H-M > StPt/NH 4 -M. Several catalyst characteristics were evaluated; diffusion restriction extent via calculating the Thiele modulus, Pt dispersion in the zeolitic supports by H2 chemisorption, strength of strong acid sites via measuring temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and evaluation of the deammoniation extent of NH4-M containing catalysts using the DSC system. Moreover, the activation energy and entropy change for the hydroconversion reaction were estimated and correlated with the c...
Hydroconversion of n-hexane was studied on catalysts containing 0.25% Pt supported on H-mordenite... more Hydroconversion of n-hexane was studied on catalysts containing 0.25% Pt supported on H-mordenite (H-M) and NH4-M. The H-M containing catalysts were Pt/H-M, Pt on steamed H-M (Pt/St H-M) and steamed Pt/H-M (StPt/H-M), whereas the NH4-M containing catalysts were Pt/NH4-M and StPt/NH4-M. Steam-treatment of H-M containing catalysts enhanced the hydroconversion activity, whereas such treatment decreased the activity of the Pt/NH4-M catalyst. The diffusion resistance parameter, i.e., the Thiele modulus, ΦL, estimated for the reaction on the catalysts under study was found to increase with the increase in the catalytic activity, and both were found to decrease in the order:
Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were ... more Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were prepared using mechanomixing method. The nano-catalysts were characterized by N2-adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV 254 nm and visible light was examined. In general, prepared catalysts are more active for degradation of dye under visible light than UV, reaching 96% within 180min irradiation using the SnO catalyst. Photo-degradation of methylene blue followed pseudo-first-order reaction mechanism with a rate constant of 14.8103min1, and the time required for removal of 50% of dye was 47 min.
Toluene was alkylated with methanol in a flow type reactor at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C... more Toluene was alkylated with methanol in a flow type reactor at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C using H-ZSM-5 zeolite, 0.2%Pt/H-ZSM-5 and hydrofluorinated 0.2%Pt/H-ZSM-5 with HF concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, or 4.0%. Pt primarily enhances toluene conversion, total xylenes production, and p-xylene relative to its thermodynamic equilibrium. As the concentration of HF increases from 1.0% to 3.0%, the catalyst
In the present study, two series of Ni/Ce/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared. The first one is n% Ni/Ce... more In the present study, two series of Ni/Ce/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared. The first one is n% Ni/Ce0.74Zr0.26O2 (n = 0, 2, 10 and 20 wt %). The second is 10%Ni / m (Ce/ZrO2) (m = 0, 4, 6 and 8). Catalysts have been investigated for ethanol steam reforming (ESR) to produce hydrogen. The reaction was studied in an atmospheric flow system, the temperature range was 200-600 ºC and water/ethanol (6, 8, 10 molar ratio). The effect of using H2O2 as an oxidant in auto-thermal reforming of ethanol has been also investigated (at 400 ºC, and H2O2/ethanol ratio = 8) to get highest hydrogen selectivity with lower CO ratio. Numerical evaluation and analysis have been performed for the above obtained results. It has been observed that the ethanol conversion, hydrogen production and some of the various investigated relations are functions of more than one independent variable. So, the response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to evaluate these relations.
Reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas (H2 + CO) has been investig... more Reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas (H2 + CO) has been investigated over rhodium (0.5 wt. %) supported on γ- alumina catalyst. The detection of both major and minor components in the natural gas before and after reforming, in addition to the produced synthesis gas, requires a high sensitive gas chromatograph. This research aims to study the effect of the space velocity and temperature on the conversion of carbon dioxide and all the components of the natural gas. The space velocity 18000 mL g-1 h-1 and the temperature 800oC are the optimum operating conditions giving the highest conversion of both the natural gas and carbon dioxide, but the space velocity 36000 mL g-1 h-1 and the temperature at 700oC are the preferred conditions for production of the synthesis gas (H2 + CO).
Catalytic reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce syngas has been investigated ov... more Catalytic reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide to produce syngas has been investigated over ruthenium (0.5 wt %) supported on γ-alumina. Capillary gas chromatography was used to detect and evaluate the hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons in the natural gas before and after reaction. This research aims to study the effect of the space velocity and temperature on the conversion of carbon dioxide and all the components of the natural gas. The space velocity 36000 ml g-1h-1 and the temperature 800oC are the optimum operating conditions giving the highest conversion of both the methane and carbon dioxide, but the space velocity 18000 ml g-1 h-1 and the temperature at 800oC are the preferred conditions for production of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas).
The activities of Cu/TiO 2 prepared by a gamma-ray irradiation and Cu-doped TiO 2 sample prepared... more The activities of Cu/TiO 2 prepared by a gamma-ray irradiation and Cu-doped TiO 2 sample prepared by a sol-gel method in photodegradation of methyl orange dye were examined. Structural and properties of the solids investigated have been studied using XRD, EDX, TEM, FTIR and BET techniques. The particles of the prepared TiO 2 have high surface area and an anatase phase structure. The remaining concentrations of 10 ppm MO at PH 1 reaches 0.13 and 2.25 ppm after 120 min under UV irradiation using 0.15g/L of Cu/TiO 2 and Cu-TiO 2 catalysts respectively.
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Papers by Salwa Ghoneim