Abstract The concept of reinforcing nanofiller into multicomponent polymer blend has been success... more Abstract The concept of reinforcing nanofiller into multicomponent polymer blend has been successfully developed for commercial aspects. The addition of a nanofiller to the polymeric blend resulted in lightweight, stronger, and cheaper structures, which are the main goals of recent materials science and engineering applications. The crystallization behavior of the polymer blends was significantly affected by the compatibilization action and nucleation effect delivered by the nanofiller reinforcement. Nanoparticles can either increase or decrease the crystallization rate of a semicrystalline polymer. Besides the influence on nucleation, a retarding effect of nanofiller on the crystal growth of polymer matrices has been a point of consideration. This chapter highlights several types of polymeric blends in combination with various nanofillers.
ABSTRACT: Hybrid composites of polypropylene reinforced with bamboo and glass fibers (BGRP) were ... more ABSTRACT: Hybrid composites of polypropylene reinforced with bamboo and glass fibers (BGRP) were fabricated using an intermeshing counter rotating twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) has been used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial interaction between the fibers and matrix. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were studied from tensile, flexural, and impact tests. Mechanical tests indicated an increase in tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the BGRP hybrid composites at a bamboo:glass fiber ratio of 15:15 ratio in the presence of 2wt % of MAPP. Nearly, 69, 86, and 83% increase in tensile flexural and impact strength respectively has been observed as compared with virgin PP. The fiber matrix interfacial morphology of the tensile fractured specimens was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which showed less fiber pullout and comparatively less gaps between the fiber and the base ma...
Abstract A novel Polyvinylidene fluoride/Ag decorated TiO2 (PVDF/Ag@TiO2) nanocomposite membrane ... more Abstract A novel Polyvinylidene fluoride/Ag decorated TiO2 (PVDF/Ag@TiO2) nanocomposite membrane was successfully prepared using APTES as a crosslinker via phase inversion technique. Synthesized Ag@TiO2 was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and XRD. Nanocomposite membranes were characterized by FTIR, SEM, AFM. Flux performance and flux recovery ratio of PVDF/Ag@TiO2 membranes revealed that the PVDF/Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite membrane exhibited a pure water flux up to 465.8 Lm−2h−1 which is three-fold higher than virgin membrane and a higher BSA rejection of 93.7% after rinsing with DI water followed by UV irradiation. Also, PVDF/Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite membrane shows a faster removal of E. coli. Overall, the incorporation of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix enhanced the antifouling and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite membrane to a remarkable extent.
Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Engineering and Military Applications, 2019
Corrosion is the foremost reason for the deterioration of metallic components used in harsh envir... more Corrosion is the foremost reason for the deterioration of metallic components used in harsh environments and hence research on the development of an innovative protective system with admirable performance has become a subject of leading importance. Currently, chromates free organic or the polymer coatings on the metal substrate bestow an efficient barrier amongst the metal and inhibit corrosion and save the environment. Researchers have involved in the development of polymer coating containing nanoparticles because reinforcement of nanoparticles decreases the porosity and provides a zig-zag diffusion path which in turn forms barrier layer on the metal surface to protect the metal from the harmful corrosive species. This present chapter deliberates the application of polymer-based nanocomposite coating to mitigate the corrosion of metals against harsh environment. This chapter covers the utilization of carbon-based nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticle, conductive polymer, self-helin...
Diverse Applications of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites, 2020
Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications s... more Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive fields due to their higher mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance. Recently, polymer nanocomposites have attracted huge attention both in academics and industry because they demonstrated the tremendous enhancement in material properties compared with a neat polymer or traditional micro and macro composites. Traditional composites generally require a high content (˃10%) of the inorganic fillers to bestow the desired mechanical properties. Higher filler content raises the density of the new product, thereby reducing the properties through fragile interfacial interaction among filler and the organic matrix. Furthermore, enhancing filler content makes processability very complicated. However, nanocomposites exhibit improved thermomechanical properties even with a small amount of nanoparticles (≤5%). The chapter provides information about the application ...
Epoxy/TEIA clay nanocomoposite was synthesized from renewable resource based itaconic acid trifun... more Epoxy/TEIA clay nanocomoposite was synthesized from renewable resource based itaconic acid trifunctional bioresin (TEIA) reinforced with Cloisite 93 A nanoclay (C93 A), which was further cured with an anhydride curing agent and 2‐methylimidazole as a catalyst. From the mechanical strength it was observed the tensile strength of virgin epoxy 42.94 MPa enhanced to 70.26 MPa with the incorporation of 2.5 wt% C93 A. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermal analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that epoxy/30%TEIA with 2.5 wt% organoclay content revealed improvement of the thermal stability and storage modulus. Epoxy/30%TEIA/2.5%C93 A showed raised surface hydrophilicity and increased the wetting energy with increasing clay content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studied corroborated that exfoliated formation within the organoclays in the nanocomposites.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2019
Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are widely used materials because of their wide range of applications, ... more Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are widely used materials because of their wide range of applications, particularly, thermal and sound insulation, mattresses, furniture, construction, cushioning, packaging, transportation of goods, etc. Recently, commercial PUF products fabricated from plant oil (PO)‐based polyols have gained increasing popularity, because of their low cost and eco‐friendly nature in comparison to petroleum‐based PUF. To date, insufficient reviews have been reported in the area of modification of plant oils for synthesizing polyol for foam synthesis. Due to abundant availability, low‐cost, and renewable nature of plant oils, they are being used as precursors for modern polyurethane industry use. There is a need for versatile and economical methods for conversion of plant oils such as castor oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO) into useful polyols for industry use. This review is an overview of the most recent advanced methods for the conversion of plant oils into polyol and furt...
Polypropylene/bamboo fibre-reinforced composites (BFRP) and polypropylene-bamboo/glass fibre base... more Polypropylene/bamboo fibre-reinforced composites (BFRP) and polypropylene-bamboo/glass fibre based hybrid composites (BGRP) using an intermeshing counter-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection moulding in which maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a compatibilizer. The effect of hybridization on the mechanical performance of hybrid composites has been assessed. It was observed that replacement of 15 wt.% of bamboo fibre by 15 wt.% of glass fibre with 2 wt.% of MAPP on a total amount of 30 wt.% of fibre content showed optimum mechanical performance. The water uptake of the hybrid composites was also found to be less than that of their unhybridized counterpart. The crystallization, melting behaviour and thermal stability of the hybrid composites were investigated employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA ). TGA thermograms showed an increase in thermal stability of the matrix polymer after incorporation of ba...
Abstract The increased use of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and their composites are raising ... more Abstract The increased use of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and their composites are raising demands on proper disposal and recycling of their end-of-life products. Until recently, landfills were used to dispose of the scrap from UPR and composites. But raising environmental concerns demand the need to implement effective recycling strategies to depolymerize the resin based composites. Recycling techniques such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical pathways can be used to depolymerize and recover the composites’ constituents. This chapter gives insight into the various recycling techniques that are being used to recycle UPR and their composites and some of the recent advancements in this field.
A trifunctional epoxy resin from itaconic acid (TEIA) was synthesized from a renewable resource‐b... more A trifunctional epoxy resin from itaconic acid (TEIA) was synthesized from a renewable resource‐based itaconic acid by allylation of itaconic acid to form diallyl itaconate by using m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid as oxidizing agents followed by epoxidation of allylic C═C bond of diallyl itaconate methylhexahydropthalic anhydride as curing agent in the presence of 2‐methyl imidazole as a catalyst. The chemical structure of the synthesized resins was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological performances of the TEIA were also investigated and compared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a plant‐based epoxidized soybean oil bioresin cured with the same curing agent. The higher epoxy value of 1.02, lower viscosity (0.96 Pa s at 25°C), higher mechanical, and higher curing reactivity toward methylhexahydropthalic anhydride of TEIA as compared with epoxidized soybean oil and c...
Polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation technique in an intermeshin... more Polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation technique in an intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Both unmodified (Na+MMT) and organo-modified (Cloisite 10A & OMMT) clays were used for the preparation of nanocomposites. The effect of addition of clays on the morphological and dynamic mechanical properties of PC matrix has been studied. The wide angle X-ray (WAXD) studies reveal a dominated exfoliated morphology of the nanocomposites at a clay content of 5%. The intercalated morphology is predominated upto clay content of 3%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the co-existance of intercalated/exfoliated morphology in all the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows an increase in storage modulus indicating higher stiffness in case of organomodified clay filled composites as compared to unmodified & virgin matrix.
Abstract The concept of reinforcing nanofiller into multicomponent polymer blend has been success... more Abstract The concept of reinforcing nanofiller into multicomponent polymer blend has been successfully developed for commercial aspects. The addition of a nanofiller to the polymeric blend resulted in lightweight, stronger, and cheaper structures, which are the main goals of recent materials science and engineering applications. The crystallization behavior of the polymer blends was significantly affected by the compatibilization action and nucleation effect delivered by the nanofiller reinforcement. Nanoparticles can either increase or decrease the crystallization rate of a semicrystalline polymer. Besides the influence on nucleation, a retarding effect of nanofiller on the crystal growth of polymer matrices has been a point of consideration. This chapter highlights several types of polymeric blends in combination with various nanofillers.
ABSTRACT: Hybrid composites of polypropylene reinforced with bamboo and glass fibers (BGRP) were ... more ABSTRACT: Hybrid composites of polypropylene reinforced with bamboo and glass fibers (BGRP) were fabricated using an intermeshing counter rotating twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) has been used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial interaction between the fibers and matrix. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were studied from tensile, flexural, and impact tests. Mechanical tests indicated an increase in tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the BGRP hybrid composites at a bamboo:glass fiber ratio of 15:15 ratio in the presence of 2wt % of MAPP. Nearly, 69, 86, and 83% increase in tensile flexural and impact strength respectively has been observed as compared with virgin PP. The fiber matrix interfacial morphology of the tensile fractured specimens was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which showed less fiber pullout and comparatively less gaps between the fiber and the base ma...
Abstract A novel Polyvinylidene fluoride/Ag decorated TiO2 (PVDF/Ag@TiO2) nanocomposite membrane ... more Abstract A novel Polyvinylidene fluoride/Ag decorated TiO2 (PVDF/Ag@TiO2) nanocomposite membrane was successfully prepared using APTES as a crosslinker via phase inversion technique. Synthesized Ag@TiO2 was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and XRD. Nanocomposite membranes were characterized by FTIR, SEM, AFM. Flux performance and flux recovery ratio of PVDF/Ag@TiO2 membranes revealed that the PVDF/Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite membrane exhibited a pure water flux up to 465.8 Lm−2h−1 which is three-fold higher than virgin membrane and a higher BSA rejection of 93.7% after rinsing with DI water followed by UV irradiation. Also, PVDF/Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite membrane shows a faster removal of E. coli. Overall, the incorporation of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix enhanced the antifouling and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite membrane to a remarkable extent.
Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Engineering and Military Applications, 2019
Corrosion is the foremost reason for the deterioration of metallic components used in harsh envir... more Corrosion is the foremost reason for the deterioration of metallic components used in harsh environments and hence research on the development of an innovative protective system with admirable performance has become a subject of leading importance. Currently, chromates free organic or the polymer coatings on the metal substrate bestow an efficient barrier amongst the metal and inhibit corrosion and save the environment. Researchers have involved in the development of polymer coating containing nanoparticles because reinforcement of nanoparticles decreases the porosity and provides a zig-zag diffusion path which in turn forms barrier layer on the metal surface to protect the metal from the harmful corrosive species. This present chapter deliberates the application of polymer-based nanocomposite coating to mitigate the corrosion of metals against harsh environment. This chapter covers the utilization of carbon-based nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticle, conductive polymer, self-helin...
Diverse Applications of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites, 2020
Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications s... more Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive fields due to their higher mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance. Recently, polymer nanocomposites have attracted huge attention both in academics and industry because they demonstrated the tremendous enhancement in material properties compared with a neat polymer or traditional micro and macro composites. Traditional composites generally require a high content (˃10%) of the inorganic fillers to bestow the desired mechanical properties. Higher filler content raises the density of the new product, thereby reducing the properties through fragile interfacial interaction among filler and the organic matrix. Furthermore, enhancing filler content makes processability very complicated. However, nanocomposites exhibit improved thermomechanical properties even with a small amount of nanoparticles (≤5%). The chapter provides information about the application ...
Epoxy/TEIA clay nanocomoposite was synthesized from renewable resource based itaconic acid trifun... more Epoxy/TEIA clay nanocomoposite was synthesized from renewable resource based itaconic acid trifunctional bioresin (TEIA) reinforced with Cloisite 93 A nanoclay (C93 A), which was further cured with an anhydride curing agent and 2‐methylimidazole as a catalyst. From the mechanical strength it was observed the tensile strength of virgin epoxy 42.94 MPa enhanced to 70.26 MPa with the incorporation of 2.5 wt% C93 A. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermal analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that epoxy/30%TEIA with 2.5 wt% organoclay content revealed improvement of the thermal stability and storage modulus. Epoxy/30%TEIA/2.5%C93 A showed raised surface hydrophilicity and increased the wetting energy with increasing clay content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studied corroborated that exfoliated formation within the organoclays in the nanocomposites.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2019
Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are widely used materials because of their wide range of applications, ... more Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are widely used materials because of their wide range of applications, particularly, thermal and sound insulation, mattresses, furniture, construction, cushioning, packaging, transportation of goods, etc. Recently, commercial PUF products fabricated from plant oil (PO)‐based polyols have gained increasing popularity, because of their low cost and eco‐friendly nature in comparison to petroleum‐based PUF. To date, insufficient reviews have been reported in the area of modification of plant oils for synthesizing polyol for foam synthesis. Due to abundant availability, low‐cost, and renewable nature of plant oils, they are being used as precursors for modern polyurethane industry use. There is a need for versatile and economical methods for conversion of plant oils such as castor oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO) into useful polyols for industry use. This review is an overview of the most recent advanced methods for the conversion of plant oils into polyol and furt...
Polypropylene/bamboo fibre-reinforced composites (BFRP) and polypropylene-bamboo/glass fibre base... more Polypropylene/bamboo fibre-reinforced composites (BFRP) and polypropylene-bamboo/glass fibre based hybrid composites (BGRP) using an intermeshing counter-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection moulding in which maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a compatibilizer. The effect of hybridization on the mechanical performance of hybrid composites has been assessed. It was observed that replacement of 15 wt.% of bamboo fibre by 15 wt.% of glass fibre with 2 wt.% of MAPP on a total amount of 30 wt.% of fibre content showed optimum mechanical performance. The water uptake of the hybrid composites was also found to be less than that of their unhybridized counterpart. The crystallization, melting behaviour and thermal stability of the hybrid composites were investigated employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA ). TGA thermograms showed an increase in thermal stability of the matrix polymer after incorporation of ba...
Abstract The increased use of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and their composites are raising ... more Abstract The increased use of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and their composites are raising demands on proper disposal and recycling of their end-of-life products. Until recently, landfills were used to dispose of the scrap from UPR and composites. But raising environmental concerns demand the need to implement effective recycling strategies to depolymerize the resin based composites. Recycling techniques such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical pathways can be used to depolymerize and recover the composites’ constituents. This chapter gives insight into the various recycling techniques that are being used to recycle UPR and their composites and some of the recent advancements in this field.
A trifunctional epoxy resin from itaconic acid (TEIA) was synthesized from a renewable resource‐b... more A trifunctional epoxy resin from itaconic acid (TEIA) was synthesized from a renewable resource‐based itaconic acid by allylation of itaconic acid to form diallyl itaconate by using m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid as oxidizing agents followed by epoxidation of allylic C═C bond of diallyl itaconate methylhexahydropthalic anhydride as curing agent in the presence of 2‐methyl imidazole as a catalyst. The chemical structure of the synthesized resins was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological performances of the TEIA were also investigated and compared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a plant‐based epoxidized soybean oil bioresin cured with the same curing agent. The higher epoxy value of 1.02, lower viscosity (0.96 Pa s at 25°C), higher mechanical, and higher curing reactivity toward methylhexahydropthalic anhydride of TEIA as compared with epoxidized soybean oil and c...
Polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation technique in an intermeshin... more Polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation technique in an intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Both unmodified (Na+MMT) and organo-modified (Cloisite 10A & OMMT) clays were used for the preparation of nanocomposites. The effect of addition of clays on the morphological and dynamic mechanical properties of PC matrix has been studied. The wide angle X-ray (WAXD) studies reveal a dominated exfoliated morphology of the nanocomposites at a clay content of 5%. The intercalated morphology is predominated upto clay content of 3%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the co-existance of intercalated/exfoliated morphology in all the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows an increase in storage modulus indicating higher stiffness in case of organomodified clay filled composites as compared to unmodified & virgin matrix.
Uploads
Papers by Sushanta Samal