The present study investigated the effects of acute toxicity of malathion on behavioral and haema... more The present study investigated the effects of acute toxicity of malathion on behavioral and haematological parameters in the cyprinid Capoeta damascina. The specimens were collected from the Kordan River, Karaj, Iran in August, 2014 and were exposed to different concentrations of malathion at the laboratory (24, 48, 72 mg L -1 ) based on 96h-LC (10; 30; 50; 90) which was 6.08 (5.22-7.18) mg L -1 . The animals were then exposed to 0.76, 1.00 and 1.52 mg L -1 of malathion for 10 days. Blood samples were collected in days 1, 5 and 10. Red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PVC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured. Behavioral abnormalities were observed in fishes exposed to high levels of malathion. The specimens exposed to malathion had significantly lower RBC, WBC, Hb, PVC but higher MCV and MCH than those of the control group. No significant difference...
Background and Objectives: Cellulose is a major component of plant biomass, which can be converte... more Background and Objectives: Cellulose is a major component of plant biomass, which can be converted into biofuels and valuable chemicals. The key step in utilization of this organic material is its hydrolysis into soluble sugars. This study evaluated cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum under different pH values, temperatures and incubation periods with the aim to increase enzyme production and decrease its costs. Methods: The amount of protein production and the hydrolytic activity of cellulase enzymes including exoglucanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase produced by T. harzianum were evaluated using various substrates such as avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellobiose, Whatman grade 1 filter paper under different pH values (4, 4.8, 5.5 and 6.5), temperatures (25, 28 and 34 °C) and incubation times (48, 72, 96 and 120 h). Results: The optimum condition for cellulase production by T. harzianum is 120 hours of incubation at 25 °C and pH of 6.5. Conclusion: T. harzianum can...
Competitive interaction between maize, Xanthium strumarium and Datura stramonium affecting some c... more Competitive interaction between maize, Xanthium strumarium and Datura stramonium affecting some canopy characteristics ... Hassan Karimmojeni1*, Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi2 , Saeed Shahbazi2, Alireza Taab3, Hassan Mohammad Alizadeh2 ... 1Department of Agronomy ...
Five species of Trichoderma fungi (i.e., T. harzianum (MW718882), T. lixii (MW719563), T. ghanens... more Five species of Trichoderma fungi (i.e., T. harzianum (MW718882), T. lixii (MW719563), T. ghanens (MW719590), T. virens (MW719876), and T. atroviride (MW719255) and their mutant isolates i.e., T. harzianum mutant (NAS108 M1), T. lixii mutant (NAS114-M17), T. ghanens mutant (ON545796), T. virens mutant (NAS115 M17), and T. atroviride mutant (NAS112M2) were used to produce three types of biological fertilizers, on the pinto bean were studied. Experiments with seven treatments: control (non-inoculation), biopriming seed with mixture of spores for seed treatment (wild type and mutant), suspension of isolates (talc based) (wild type and mutant) and treatment of spores mixture in soil (wild type and mutant) at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications were done. The concentration of soluble protein, proline content, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, and the activity of enzyme peroxidase and polyphenol ...
Background: High antagonistic ability of different Trichoderma species against a diverse range of... more Background: High antagonistic ability of different Trichoderma species against a diverse range of plant pathogenic fungi has led them to be used as a biological fungicide in agriculture. They can also promote plant growth, fertility, resistance to stress, and absorption of nutrients. They are also opportunistic and symbiotic pathogens, which can lead to the activation of plant defense mechanisms. Objectives: The aim of this present study was to investigate possible enhancement of lytic enzymes production and biocontrol activity of T. virens against Rhizoctonia solani through gamma radiation and to find the relationship between changes in lytic enzyme production and antagonistic activity of T. virens. Material and methods: Dual culture conditions were used to evaluate the antagonistic effect of T. virens and its gamma mutants against R. solani. Then, their chitinase and cellulase activities were measured. For more detailed investigation of enzymes, densitometry pattern of the proteins was extracted from the T. virens wild-type and its mutants were obtained via SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: The mutant T.vi M8, T. virens wild-type and mutant T.vi M20 strains showed the maximum antagonistic effects against the pathogen, respectively. Data showed that the mutant T. vi M8 reduced the growth of R. solani by 58 %. The mutants revealed significantly different (p<0.05) protein contents, chitinase and cellulase production (mg.mL-1) and activity (U.mL-1) compared to the wild-type strain. The highest extracellular protein production in the supernatant of chitinase and cellulase TFM was observed for the T.vi M11 and T.vi M17 strains, respectively. The T.vi M12 and wild-type strains secreted chitinase and cellulase significantly more than other strains did. Densitometry of SDS-PAGE gel bands indicated that both the amount and diversity of chitinase related proteins in the selected mutant (T. vi M8) were far higher than those of the wild-type. The diversity of molecular weight of proteins extracted from the T. virens M8 (20 proteins or bands) was very high compared to the wild-type (10 proteins) and mutant T.vi M15 (2 proteins). Conclusions: Overall, there was a strong link between the diversity of various chitinase proteins and the antagonistic properties of the mutant M8.
Introduction: Fusarium head blight (FHB), is the most destructive disease of wheat, producing the... more Introduction: Fusarium head blight (FHB), is the most destructive disease of wheat, producing the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, a protein synthesis inhibitor, which is harmful to humans and livestock. dsRNAmycoviruses-infected-isolates of Fusariumgraminearum, showed changes in morphological and pathogenicity phenotypes including reduced virulence towards wheat and decreased production of trichothecene mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol: DON). Materials and methods: Previous studies indicated that over expression of yeast acetyl transferase gene (ScAYT1) encoding a 3-O trichothecene acetyl transferase that converts deoxynivalenol to a less toxic acetylated form, leads to suppression of the deoxynivalenol sensitivity in pdr5 yeast mutants. To identify whether ScAYT1 over-expression in transgenic tobacco plants can deal with mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol) in fungal extract and studying the effect of dsRNA contamination on detoxification and resistance level, we have treated T1 AYT1 transgenic tobacco seedlings with complete extraction of normal F. graminearum isolate carrying dsRNA metabolites. First, we introduced AYT1into the model tobacco plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in an attempt to detoxify deoxynivalenol. Results: In vitro tests with extraction of dsRNA carrying and cured isolates of F. graminearum and 10 ppm of deoxynivalenol indicated variable resistance levels in transgenic plants. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the transgene expression AYT1 and Fusarium infection to dsRNA can induce tolerance to deoxynivalenol, followed by increased resistance to Fusarium head blight disease of wheat.
The present study investigated the effects of acute toxicity of malathion on behavioral and haema... more The present study investigated the effects of acute toxicity of malathion on behavioral and haematological parameters in the cyprinid Capoeta damascina. The specimens were collected from the Kordan River, Karaj, Iran in August, 2014 and were exposed to different concentrations of malathion at the laboratory (24, 48, 72 mg L -1 ) based on 96h-LC (10; 30; 50; 90) which was 6.08 (5.22-7.18) mg L -1 . The animals were then exposed to 0.76, 1.00 and 1.52 mg L -1 of malathion for 10 days. Blood samples were collected in days 1, 5 and 10. Red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PVC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured. Behavioral abnormalities were observed in fishes exposed to high levels of malathion. The specimens exposed to malathion had significantly lower RBC, WBC, Hb, PVC but higher MCV and MCH than those of the control group. No significant difference...
Background and Objectives: Cellulose is a major component of plant biomass, which can be converte... more Background and Objectives: Cellulose is a major component of plant biomass, which can be converted into biofuels and valuable chemicals. The key step in utilization of this organic material is its hydrolysis into soluble sugars. This study evaluated cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum under different pH values, temperatures and incubation periods with the aim to increase enzyme production and decrease its costs. Methods: The amount of protein production and the hydrolytic activity of cellulase enzymes including exoglucanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase produced by T. harzianum were evaluated using various substrates such as avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellobiose, Whatman grade 1 filter paper under different pH values (4, 4.8, 5.5 and 6.5), temperatures (25, 28 and 34 °C) and incubation times (48, 72, 96 and 120 h). Results: The optimum condition for cellulase production by T. harzianum is 120 hours of incubation at 25 °C and pH of 6.5. Conclusion: T. harzianum can...
Competitive interaction between maize, Xanthium strumarium and Datura stramonium affecting some c... more Competitive interaction between maize, Xanthium strumarium and Datura stramonium affecting some canopy characteristics ... Hassan Karimmojeni1*, Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi2 , Saeed Shahbazi2, Alireza Taab3, Hassan Mohammad Alizadeh2 ... 1Department of Agronomy ...
Five species of Trichoderma fungi (i.e., T. harzianum (MW718882), T. lixii (MW719563), T. ghanens... more Five species of Trichoderma fungi (i.e., T. harzianum (MW718882), T. lixii (MW719563), T. ghanens (MW719590), T. virens (MW719876), and T. atroviride (MW719255) and their mutant isolates i.e., T. harzianum mutant (NAS108 M1), T. lixii mutant (NAS114-M17), T. ghanens mutant (ON545796), T. virens mutant (NAS115 M17), and T. atroviride mutant (NAS112M2) were used to produce three types of biological fertilizers, on the pinto bean were studied. Experiments with seven treatments: control (non-inoculation), biopriming seed with mixture of spores for seed treatment (wild type and mutant), suspension of isolates (talc based) (wild type and mutant) and treatment of spores mixture in soil (wild type and mutant) at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications were done. The concentration of soluble protein, proline content, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, and the activity of enzyme peroxidase and polyphenol ...
Background: High antagonistic ability of different Trichoderma species against a diverse range of... more Background: High antagonistic ability of different Trichoderma species against a diverse range of plant pathogenic fungi has led them to be used as a biological fungicide in agriculture. They can also promote plant growth, fertility, resistance to stress, and absorption of nutrients. They are also opportunistic and symbiotic pathogens, which can lead to the activation of plant defense mechanisms. Objectives: The aim of this present study was to investigate possible enhancement of lytic enzymes production and biocontrol activity of T. virens against Rhizoctonia solani through gamma radiation and to find the relationship between changes in lytic enzyme production and antagonistic activity of T. virens. Material and methods: Dual culture conditions were used to evaluate the antagonistic effect of T. virens and its gamma mutants against R. solani. Then, their chitinase and cellulase activities were measured. For more detailed investigation of enzymes, densitometry pattern of the proteins was extracted from the T. virens wild-type and its mutants were obtained via SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: The mutant T.vi M8, T. virens wild-type and mutant T.vi M20 strains showed the maximum antagonistic effects against the pathogen, respectively. Data showed that the mutant T. vi M8 reduced the growth of R. solani by 58 %. The mutants revealed significantly different (p<0.05) protein contents, chitinase and cellulase production (mg.mL-1) and activity (U.mL-1) compared to the wild-type strain. The highest extracellular protein production in the supernatant of chitinase and cellulase TFM was observed for the T.vi M11 and T.vi M17 strains, respectively. The T.vi M12 and wild-type strains secreted chitinase and cellulase significantly more than other strains did. Densitometry of SDS-PAGE gel bands indicated that both the amount and diversity of chitinase related proteins in the selected mutant (T. vi M8) were far higher than those of the wild-type. The diversity of molecular weight of proteins extracted from the T. virens M8 (20 proteins or bands) was very high compared to the wild-type (10 proteins) and mutant T.vi M15 (2 proteins). Conclusions: Overall, there was a strong link between the diversity of various chitinase proteins and the antagonistic properties of the mutant M8.
Introduction: Fusarium head blight (FHB), is the most destructive disease of wheat, producing the... more Introduction: Fusarium head blight (FHB), is the most destructive disease of wheat, producing the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, a protein synthesis inhibitor, which is harmful to humans and livestock. dsRNAmycoviruses-infected-isolates of Fusariumgraminearum, showed changes in morphological and pathogenicity phenotypes including reduced virulence towards wheat and decreased production of trichothecene mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol: DON). Materials and methods: Previous studies indicated that over expression of yeast acetyl transferase gene (ScAYT1) encoding a 3-O trichothecene acetyl transferase that converts deoxynivalenol to a less toxic acetylated form, leads to suppression of the deoxynivalenol sensitivity in pdr5 yeast mutants. To identify whether ScAYT1 over-expression in transgenic tobacco plants can deal with mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol) in fungal extract and studying the effect of dsRNA contamination on detoxification and resistance level, we have treated T1 AYT1 transgenic tobacco seedlings with complete extraction of normal F. graminearum isolate carrying dsRNA metabolites. First, we introduced AYT1into the model tobacco plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in an attempt to detoxify deoxynivalenol. Results: In vitro tests with extraction of dsRNA carrying and cured isolates of F. graminearum and 10 ppm of deoxynivalenol indicated variable resistance levels in transgenic plants. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the transgene expression AYT1 and Fusarium infection to dsRNA can induce tolerance to deoxynivalenol, followed by increased resistance to Fusarium head blight disease of wheat.
Uploads
Papers by Samira Shahbazi