Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, 2021
Since the discovery of X-rays and its first use in imaging of a hand, bone tissue has been the ch... more Since the discovery of X-rays and its first use in imaging of a hand, bone tissue has been the chapter of interest in medical imaging. However, X-ray imaging poses limitations nowadays owing to the augmented complexity of implant scaffolds as well as with the advances in bone engineering. As a result, advanced follow-up imaging techniques are of paramount necessity for effective postoperative characterization. Moreover, it is also needed to search for non-invasive, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution structural, functional, and molecular imaging techniques such as acoustic, optical, magnetic, X-Ray, electron, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging, etc. as an alternative to normally used X-ray computed tomography. Further, enthusiastic preclinical scanners have turned out to be accessible, with sensitivity and resolution even superior to clinical scanners, as a consequence helping a rapid transformation from preclinical to clinical applications. Besides, recently, bone-specific probes an...
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progr... more The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its’ diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its’ ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as cha...
This investigation was carried out to identify and characterize marine sponges as potential biosc... more This investigation was carried out to identify and characterize marine sponges as potential bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
Recent developments in the biomedical arena have led to the fabrication of innovative biomaterial... more Recent developments in the biomedical arena have led to the fabrication of innovative biomaterials by utilizing bioactive molecules from biological wastes released from fruit and beverage processing industries, and fish, meat, and poultry industries.
Present investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy samp... more Present investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy sample (BM) with and without coating of hydroxyapatite (BMH) and bioactive glass (BMG) by air plasma spray method. After detailed mechano-physico-chemical characterization of powders and coated samples, electrochemical corrosion and SBF immersion tests were carried out. Detailed in vitro characterizations for cell viability were undertaken using MG-63 cell line followed by in vivo tests in rabbit model for studying bone healing up to 60 days. Starting current density increases from BM to BMH to BMG indicating highest resistance towards corrosion in case of BMG samples, however BMH also showed highest icorr value suggesting slowest rate of corrosion than BM and BMG samples. Dissolution of calcium ion in case of BMH and BMG control formation of apatite phases on surface. Ca2+ ions of coatings and from SBF solution underwent reduction reaction simultaneously with conversion of Mg to MgCl2 relea...
The use of advance technology allocated a scientific community with significant development in th... more The use of advance technology allocated a scientific community with significant development in the field of tissue engineering and medical sciences. Developing a biomaterial to replace the diseased or damaged tissue is a paramount importance for an effective regenerative approach, so that the original structural and functional status is recovered. Due to its rich biodiversity, marine environment yields immense potential and offer various organisms from which promising natural substances can be isolated to mimic the tissue ECM (extracellular matrix) in the body. Findings by various researchers both in vitro and in vivo also support the opinion that the derived structures from aquatic origin have optimistic potential for biomedical application. In this chapter, we shall discuss some of the marine-derived biomaterials which can be employed for various tissue engineering approaches. Marine ecosystem nourished a wide variety of creatures like corals, seashells and sea urchins from which ...
Case Description- A nine years old New Zealand white female diabetic rabbit (blood glucose level~... more Case Description- A nine years old New Zealand white female diabetic rabbit (blood glucose level~300 mg/dl) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex OPD, Kolkata, India with a history of chronic weight loss along with inappetence, polyuria, haematuria from last 10 days. Feeding history revealed that the animal was maintained with a mixed diet that is rich in calcium (Ca). Clinical Findings- Manual examination revealed moderate pain near the caudal region and a hard mass was felt near the bladder region and a straight lateral radiograph of the abdomen revealed the presence of a radiodense cystolith.Treatment and Outcome- Cystotomy was done and the rabbit was recovered uneventfully. The analysis of the stone revealed calcium carbonate as the major content. Clinical Relevance- The present article describes successful surgical management of urolith in a rabbit and confers ample evidence that a high calcium diet, peculiar Ca metabolism along with more carbohydrate p...
Engineering bioinspired peptide-based molecular medicine is an emerging paradigm for the manageme... more Engineering bioinspired peptide-based molecular medicine is an emerging paradigm for the management of traumatic coagulopathies and inherent bleeding disorder. A hemostat-based strategy in managing uncontrolled bleeding is limited due to the lack of adequate efficacy and clinical noncompliance. In this study, we report an engineered adhesive peptide-based hybrid regenerative medicine, sealant 5, which is designed integrating the structural and functional features of fibrin and mussel foot-pad protein. AFM studies have revealed that sealant 5 (55.8 ± 6.8 nN adhesive force) has higher adhesive force than fibrin (46.4 ± 7.3 nN adhesive force). SEM data confirms that sealant 5 retains its network-like morphology both at 37 and 60 °C, inferring its thermal stability. Both sealant 5 and fibrin exhibit biodegradability in the presence of trypsin, and sealant 5 also showed biocompatibility in the presence of fibroblast cells. Engineered sealant 5 efficiently promotes hemostasis with enhanced adhesiveness and less blood-loss than fibrin. In vivo data suggests that in heparinized conditions, sealant 5 ceases bleeding at 212.3 ± 15.1 s, whereas fibrin halts bleeding at 294.3 ± 21.4 s and blood-loss is ∼4-fold less in sealant 5 than in fibrin. In a heparinized system, sealant 5 facilitates faster blood-clotting than fibrin (∼82 s faster) and RADA-16, a reported peptide-based sealant (∼113 s faster). Additionally, in the case of sealant 5, the process of clotting mimicry-like fibrin is independent of the body's own coagulation system. Sealant 5 efficiently halts bleeding for both external and internal wounds, even for a heparinized system overcoming the bacterial infection. ELISA data and PMBC cell proliferation data support the non-immunogenic feature of sealant 5. Though fibrin and sealant 5 have exhibited comparable efficacy in suture-free wound closure, in vivo H&E staining images have revealed infiltration of very few immune cells as well as the presence of abundant collagen formation in the case of sealant 5-treated wound. Such nature-inspired non-immunogenic sealants offer exciting possibilities for the treatment of uncontrolled bleeding vis-à-vis wound closure.
With the increase in need of ideal bone graft materials, magnesium silicate has been explored as ... more With the increase in need of ideal bone graft materials, magnesium silicate has been explored as resorbable bioceramics. Calcium phosphate-based bioceramics are well studied and being implemented for several orthopaedic applications as they mimic the chemistry of the natural bone. Although extensively used, these materials do not satisfy all the essential requirements of an ideal temporary bone replacement material. Materials, such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA), have low solubility and often the resorption rate is quite slow when implanted in vivo. The research on magnesium silicate for bone regenerative application is quite relatively young and a new area compared to traditional calcium phosphate-based materials. Although limited research findings have been reported, it is believed that magnesium silicate-based bioceramics may be an alternative to calcium phosphate for bone tissue engineering applications. Thus in this review, we have highlighted the importance of magnesium silicate bioceramics and compared with existing calcium phosphate ceramics. We have also analysed the future directions and the need for clinical implementations.
To increase the corrosion prevention of stainless steel implant and fast recovery due to new bone... more To increase the corrosion prevention of stainless steel implant and fast recovery due to new bone-cell formation at the orthopedic implant site, in the present investigation, a trilayered (with bioceramic interlayer sandwiched between innermost passivated surface and outermost polymer coating) 316L stainless steel (SS) implant was designed and investigated. It was inferred that this new designed implant invokes faster and more bone-cell formation than uncoated commercially available 316L SS implants. Faster bone-cell formation at the coated implant site reduces the initial threat of implant corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion study proved that this model of coated implants is able to prevent corrosion up to 90% better than uncoated commercially available 316L SS. Subsequently, preclinical studies in the rabbit bone defect model (which included histology, radiology, fluorochrome labeling, push-out test, and scanning electron microscopy taken after 45 and 90 days) proved higher rate of new bone tissue formation and better push-out strength between tissue in contact and the coated implant. The toxicological study of vital organs like liver, kidney, and heart also exhibited no abnormality. The outcome of the experimentations indicates suitability of this trilayered 316L SS implant for bone repair and healing.
Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, 2021
Since the discovery of X-rays and its first use in imaging of a hand, bone tissue has been the ch... more Since the discovery of X-rays and its first use in imaging of a hand, bone tissue has been the chapter of interest in medical imaging. However, X-ray imaging poses limitations nowadays owing to the augmented complexity of implant scaffolds as well as with the advances in bone engineering. As a result, advanced follow-up imaging techniques are of paramount necessity for effective postoperative characterization. Moreover, it is also needed to search for non-invasive, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution structural, functional, and molecular imaging techniques such as acoustic, optical, magnetic, X-Ray, electron, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging, etc. as an alternative to normally used X-ray computed tomography. Further, enthusiastic preclinical scanners have turned out to be accessible, with sensitivity and resolution even superior to clinical scanners, as a consequence helping a rapid transformation from preclinical to clinical applications. Besides, recently, bone-specific probes an...
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progr... more The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its’ diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its’ ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as cha...
This investigation was carried out to identify and characterize marine sponges as potential biosc... more This investigation was carried out to identify and characterize marine sponges as potential bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
Recent developments in the biomedical arena have led to the fabrication of innovative biomaterial... more Recent developments in the biomedical arena have led to the fabrication of innovative biomaterials by utilizing bioactive molecules from biological wastes released from fruit and beverage processing industries, and fish, meat, and poultry industries.
Present investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy samp... more Present investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy sample (BM) with and without coating of hydroxyapatite (BMH) and bioactive glass (BMG) by air plasma spray method. After detailed mechano-physico-chemical characterization of powders and coated samples, electrochemical corrosion and SBF immersion tests were carried out. Detailed in vitro characterizations for cell viability were undertaken using MG-63 cell line followed by in vivo tests in rabbit model for studying bone healing up to 60 days. Starting current density increases from BM to BMH to BMG indicating highest resistance towards corrosion in case of BMG samples, however BMH also showed highest icorr value suggesting slowest rate of corrosion than BM and BMG samples. Dissolution of calcium ion in case of BMH and BMG control formation of apatite phases on surface. Ca2+ ions of coatings and from SBF solution underwent reduction reaction simultaneously with conversion of Mg to MgCl2 relea...
The use of advance technology allocated a scientific community with significant development in th... more The use of advance technology allocated a scientific community with significant development in the field of tissue engineering and medical sciences. Developing a biomaterial to replace the diseased or damaged tissue is a paramount importance for an effective regenerative approach, so that the original structural and functional status is recovered. Due to its rich biodiversity, marine environment yields immense potential and offer various organisms from which promising natural substances can be isolated to mimic the tissue ECM (extracellular matrix) in the body. Findings by various researchers both in vitro and in vivo also support the opinion that the derived structures from aquatic origin have optimistic potential for biomedical application. In this chapter, we shall discuss some of the marine-derived biomaterials which can be employed for various tissue engineering approaches. Marine ecosystem nourished a wide variety of creatures like corals, seashells and sea urchins from which ...
Case Description- A nine years old New Zealand white female diabetic rabbit (blood glucose level~... more Case Description- A nine years old New Zealand white female diabetic rabbit (blood glucose level~300 mg/dl) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex OPD, Kolkata, India with a history of chronic weight loss along with inappetence, polyuria, haematuria from last 10 days. Feeding history revealed that the animal was maintained with a mixed diet that is rich in calcium (Ca). Clinical Findings- Manual examination revealed moderate pain near the caudal region and a hard mass was felt near the bladder region and a straight lateral radiograph of the abdomen revealed the presence of a radiodense cystolith.Treatment and Outcome- Cystotomy was done and the rabbit was recovered uneventfully. The analysis of the stone revealed calcium carbonate as the major content. Clinical Relevance- The present article describes successful surgical management of urolith in a rabbit and confers ample evidence that a high calcium diet, peculiar Ca metabolism along with more carbohydrate p...
Engineering bioinspired peptide-based molecular medicine is an emerging paradigm for the manageme... more Engineering bioinspired peptide-based molecular medicine is an emerging paradigm for the management of traumatic coagulopathies and inherent bleeding disorder. A hemostat-based strategy in managing uncontrolled bleeding is limited due to the lack of adequate efficacy and clinical noncompliance. In this study, we report an engineered adhesive peptide-based hybrid regenerative medicine, sealant 5, which is designed integrating the structural and functional features of fibrin and mussel foot-pad protein. AFM studies have revealed that sealant 5 (55.8 ± 6.8 nN adhesive force) has higher adhesive force than fibrin (46.4 ± 7.3 nN adhesive force). SEM data confirms that sealant 5 retains its network-like morphology both at 37 and 60 °C, inferring its thermal stability. Both sealant 5 and fibrin exhibit biodegradability in the presence of trypsin, and sealant 5 also showed biocompatibility in the presence of fibroblast cells. Engineered sealant 5 efficiently promotes hemostasis with enhanced adhesiveness and less blood-loss than fibrin. In vivo data suggests that in heparinized conditions, sealant 5 ceases bleeding at 212.3 ± 15.1 s, whereas fibrin halts bleeding at 294.3 ± 21.4 s and blood-loss is ∼4-fold less in sealant 5 than in fibrin. In a heparinized system, sealant 5 facilitates faster blood-clotting than fibrin (∼82 s faster) and RADA-16, a reported peptide-based sealant (∼113 s faster). Additionally, in the case of sealant 5, the process of clotting mimicry-like fibrin is independent of the body's own coagulation system. Sealant 5 efficiently halts bleeding for both external and internal wounds, even for a heparinized system overcoming the bacterial infection. ELISA data and PMBC cell proliferation data support the non-immunogenic feature of sealant 5. Though fibrin and sealant 5 have exhibited comparable efficacy in suture-free wound closure, in vivo H&E staining images have revealed infiltration of very few immune cells as well as the presence of abundant collagen formation in the case of sealant 5-treated wound. Such nature-inspired non-immunogenic sealants offer exciting possibilities for the treatment of uncontrolled bleeding vis-à-vis wound closure.
With the increase in need of ideal bone graft materials, magnesium silicate has been explored as ... more With the increase in need of ideal bone graft materials, magnesium silicate has been explored as resorbable bioceramics. Calcium phosphate-based bioceramics are well studied and being implemented for several orthopaedic applications as they mimic the chemistry of the natural bone. Although extensively used, these materials do not satisfy all the essential requirements of an ideal temporary bone replacement material. Materials, such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA), have low solubility and often the resorption rate is quite slow when implanted in vivo. The research on magnesium silicate for bone regenerative application is quite relatively young and a new area compared to traditional calcium phosphate-based materials. Although limited research findings have been reported, it is believed that magnesium silicate-based bioceramics may be an alternative to calcium phosphate for bone tissue engineering applications. Thus in this review, we have highlighted the importance of magnesium silicate bioceramics and compared with existing calcium phosphate ceramics. We have also analysed the future directions and the need for clinical implementations.
To increase the corrosion prevention of stainless steel implant and fast recovery due to new bone... more To increase the corrosion prevention of stainless steel implant and fast recovery due to new bone-cell formation at the orthopedic implant site, in the present investigation, a trilayered (with bioceramic interlayer sandwiched between innermost passivated surface and outermost polymer coating) 316L stainless steel (SS) implant was designed and investigated. It was inferred that this new designed implant invokes faster and more bone-cell formation than uncoated commercially available 316L SS implants. Faster bone-cell formation at the coated implant site reduces the initial threat of implant corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion study proved that this model of coated implants is able to prevent corrosion up to 90% better than uncoated commercially available 316L SS. Subsequently, preclinical studies in the rabbit bone defect model (which included histology, radiology, fluorochrome labeling, push-out test, and scanning electron microscopy taken after 45 and 90 days) proved higher rate of new bone tissue formation and better push-out strength between tissue in contact and the coated implant. The toxicological study of vital organs like liver, kidney, and heart also exhibited no abnormality. The outcome of the experimentations indicates suitability of this trilayered 316L SS implant for bone repair and healing.
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