2018 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies (ICSGCE), 2018
In this tech-savvy society, energy consumed by buildings is rapidly increasing which is a challen... more In this tech-savvy society, energy consumed by buildings is rapidly increasing which is a challenge to control, thus it became a global concern. The annual energy consumption by residential and commercial buildings is between 30% and 40% in developed countries. The largest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the building sector is from the already existing establishments. The biggest contributor to these types of energy usage is the HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system of the facility. In the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), the average temperature recorded over a year is almost 35°C. Therefore, 70% of the total electricity consumed by the country is due to the air-conditioning system. Lighting systems are another major aspect in the high energy consumption rates in an establishment, a close second to HVAC systems. They are known to consume between 22% and 30% of a building’s energy. This paper describes a few energy efficient technologies through energy auditing (EA) processes, to optimize the energy consumptions, by HVAC and lighting systems. To validate the outcomes obtained through level 1 of EA (walk-through energy analysis), a case study has been carried out in an institutional building located in Dubai, U.A.E. This energy analysis was executed as per the guidelines published by ASHRAE. The recommendations and improvements proposed through the EA analyses are discussed in this paper. From the energy analyses, the efficacy of energy efficient technologies applied to the existing buildings are justified.
2013 1st International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA), 2013
The simulation of an artificial pacemaker is presented in terms of digital waveforms which repres... more The simulation of an artificial pacemaker is presented in terms of digital waveforms which represent the analogous heartbeat and its verification using Verilog coding. The output will be in terms of any rectifications required in the simulation and its final results will conclude in a regular heartbeat with pacing if required. The simulation input is manually done with the timing interval taken into consideration. There are three types of simulation done and each one has a unique representation. There are several parameters used for detection and regulation of the heartbeat and each one of them represent a pattern of the heartbeat. The detection and regulation of the heartbeat using Altera Quartus II is the same as using an artificial pacemaker but in terms of digital signals. As long as the time intervals are maintained there will be no pacing, but under the conditions of an irregular heartbeat pacing will occur in order to synchronize the heart.
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS), 2017
Energy consumption by buildings is a challenge to control, making it an increasing global concern... more Energy consumption by buildings is a challenge to control, making it an increasing global concern. The annual contribution of residential and commercial buildings towards energy consumption is normally between 30% and 40% in developed countries. The main concern lies with the existing buildings which are the largest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by various human activities. This paper reviews various levels of energy audits, such as, walk-through analysis, energy survey and analysis, and capital-intensive modifications, as per the guidelines issued by ASHRAE. Along with a brief discussion on various stages of energy audits, this paper suggests the detailed methodology that can be adopted for a Level 1 audit and Low-Cost strategies for energy conservation.
2020 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2020
Fire-fighting robots are used in indoor environments to detect fires and extinguish them. Sensors... more Fire-fighting robots are used in indoor environments to detect fires and extinguish them. Sensors such as flame sensors are currently used to detect fire in fire-fighting robots. The disadvantage of using sensors is that fire beyond a threshold distance cannot be detected. Using artificial intelligence techniques, fire can be detected in a wider range. Haar Cascade Classifier is a machine-learning algorithm that was initially used for object detection. The results obtained using Haar Cascade Classifier were not very accurate, especially when multiple fires had to be detected. Transfer learning from a pretrained YOLOv3 model was then used to train the model for fire detection to improve accuracy. The benefits and drawbacks of using deep learning for object detection over machine learning are highlighted. The algorithm used to obtain the target location the robot must move to use bounding box coordinates is also discussed in this paper.
2019 IEEE 10th GCC Conference & Exhibition (GCC), 2019
The recent shift towards the utilisation of automated systems has necessitated newer and more adv... more The recent shift towards the utilisation of automated systems has necessitated newer and more advanced technologies that can improve efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of processes in the industrial environment. The focus of this paper is on remote monitoring and automation for Bottle filling industry using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. Effective storage and management of the packaged bottles (warehouse management systems) has also been illustrated through a comparative study between two warehouse management techniques using Barcode technology and crane automation systems. The optimisation of warehouse activities can further increase the consistency and efficiency of the industry. Implementation has been carried using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) – SCADA systems which provides durability, flexibility and ease of programming. This system can be further expanded into any other sorting industries as well.
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS), 2017
Wind power is the third ranked source of renewable energy. However, one of the biggest issues of ... more Wind power is the third ranked source of renewable energy. However, one of the biggest issues of Wind-turbines is adapting to the unstable wind conditions. Several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) application systems are discussed and compared in this paper. One of the methods discussed in this paper was implemented with an adaptive switching system to track the maximum power. This system can be designed with either using a micro-controller or Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and both approaches were instigated and compared. The second method described in this paper uses relays to control the connected load. Then a new method is proposed in this paper which uses a benchmark motor to measure the wind speed and configure the load accordingly. All the three methods were implemented using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) with PLC. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the two existing systems of variable speed controller wind turbines for it's viability for the long run in future.
Obstacle avoidance is a major hurdle when implementing mobile robots and swarm robots. Swarm robo... more Obstacle avoidance is a major hurdle when implementing mobile robots and swarm robots. Swarm robots work in groups and therefore require an efficient and functional obstacle avoidance algorithm to stay collision free between themselves and their surroundings. This paper reviews previous research in obstacle avoidance implementation using the force field method (FFM), also known as potential field method (PFM) and a neutral network approach. Moreover, this paper aims to execute simulations using a modified force field algorithm and a neural network approach and compare them. The obtained results are analyzed to identify the performance characteristics and the time taken to perform tasks using a singular mobile robot against a swarm robot environment consisting of four and ten robots, respectively, in both simulation cases. Simulations showed that the algorithm was successful in navigating obstacles for both single and swarm robot environments. A single robot was found to take up to 3...
Control systems are probably one of the important building blocks in almost every man-made entity... more Control systems are probably one of the important building blocks in almost every man-made entity, machinery and electromechanical systems. With automation expanding rapidly in every field supported by advancing technology, to reduce human work load and improve performance and delivery of systems, the need for effective and smarter control systems is ever-growing. This paper presents the design and analysis of an autopilot system. The mathematical model of the aircraft has been limited to a longitudinal 3 Degrees Of Freedom model (3-DOF), reasons for which are explained. The model developed have been tested and analyzed under various flying conditions based on the pilot inputs and results of the same are depicted. The paper provides the methodology of building the autopilot system and precisely compiled results of testing. Key-Words: Aerodynamic, Flight dynamics, 3-DOF autopilot, PID, control automation.
This paper proposes an algorithm to perform quick X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrum analysis to b... more This paper proposes an algorithm to perform quick X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrum analysis to be used for metal testing and quality control by empirical studies. The metal industry usually deals with large volumes of scrap and metal during recycling. High speed sorting and testing of these metals allow for increased workflow while ensuring accurate identification of these metals. In this paper, An XRF spectrometer (X-MET8000 by Oxford Instruments) was used to gather raw spectra from some alloys. These spectra were fed into a MATLAB script that was designed to implement an algorithm which quickly identifies the elemental content of the sample by comparing it with the spectra input using Pearson correlation coefficients. Spectra from different alloys were analysed using the proposed XRF analyser algorithm in order to accelerate the identification of the elemental content of the sample. The proposed algorithm is successfully proved for the empirical method to which effectively identi...
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
This paper explains the design of an efficient dual axis sun tracking system using a complex algo... more This paper explains the design of an efficient dual axis sun tracking system using a complex algorithm to calculate the azimuth and elevation angles of the sun across the sky based upon real time feedback. The algorithm function was written in C/C++ programming language and integrated along with multiple other functions which were required to operate the electromechanical structure. Detailed explanation of the analogue charge controller is also included. This paper highlights the significance of the self-sufficient system and provides analysis of the experiments conducted using the prototype model. Furthermore, the proposed prototype consists of an Arduino UNO microcontroller, real time clock module, motor drivers, stepper motors, nine volt solar panel, a lead acid brick battery and the charge controller as its main components. This system can be put to multiple uses in order to harvest maximum renewable energy from the sun as well as be used as educational material.
2018 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies (ICSGCE), 2018
In this tech-savvy society, energy consumed by buildings is rapidly increasing which is a challen... more In this tech-savvy society, energy consumed by buildings is rapidly increasing which is a challenge to control, thus it became a global concern. The annual energy consumption by residential and commercial buildings is between 30% and 40% in developed countries. The largest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the building sector is from the already existing establishments. The biggest contributor to these types of energy usage is the HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system of the facility. In the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), the average temperature recorded over a year is almost 35°C. Therefore, 70% of the total electricity consumed by the country is due to the air-conditioning system. Lighting systems are another major aspect in the high energy consumption rates in an establishment, a close second to HVAC systems. They are known to consume between 22% and 30% of a building’s energy. This paper describes a few energy efficient technologies through energy auditing (EA) processes, to optimize the energy consumptions, by HVAC and lighting systems. To validate the outcomes obtained through level 1 of EA (walk-through energy analysis), a case study has been carried out in an institutional building located in Dubai, U.A.E. This energy analysis was executed as per the guidelines published by ASHRAE. The recommendations and improvements proposed through the EA analyses are discussed in this paper. From the energy analyses, the efficacy of energy efficient technologies applied to the existing buildings are justified.
2013 1st International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA), 2013
The simulation of an artificial pacemaker is presented in terms of digital waveforms which repres... more The simulation of an artificial pacemaker is presented in terms of digital waveforms which represent the analogous heartbeat and its verification using Verilog coding. The output will be in terms of any rectifications required in the simulation and its final results will conclude in a regular heartbeat with pacing if required. The simulation input is manually done with the timing interval taken into consideration. There are three types of simulation done and each one has a unique representation. There are several parameters used for detection and regulation of the heartbeat and each one of them represent a pattern of the heartbeat. The detection and regulation of the heartbeat using Altera Quartus II is the same as using an artificial pacemaker but in terms of digital signals. As long as the time intervals are maintained there will be no pacing, but under the conditions of an irregular heartbeat pacing will occur in order to synchronize the heart.
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS), 2017
Energy consumption by buildings is a challenge to control, making it an increasing global concern... more Energy consumption by buildings is a challenge to control, making it an increasing global concern. The annual contribution of residential and commercial buildings towards energy consumption is normally between 30% and 40% in developed countries. The main concern lies with the existing buildings which are the largest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by various human activities. This paper reviews various levels of energy audits, such as, walk-through analysis, energy survey and analysis, and capital-intensive modifications, as per the guidelines issued by ASHRAE. Along with a brief discussion on various stages of energy audits, this paper suggests the detailed methodology that can be adopted for a Level 1 audit and Low-Cost strategies for energy conservation.
2020 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2020
Fire-fighting robots are used in indoor environments to detect fires and extinguish them. Sensors... more Fire-fighting robots are used in indoor environments to detect fires and extinguish them. Sensors such as flame sensors are currently used to detect fire in fire-fighting robots. The disadvantage of using sensors is that fire beyond a threshold distance cannot be detected. Using artificial intelligence techniques, fire can be detected in a wider range. Haar Cascade Classifier is a machine-learning algorithm that was initially used for object detection. The results obtained using Haar Cascade Classifier were not very accurate, especially when multiple fires had to be detected. Transfer learning from a pretrained YOLOv3 model was then used to train the model for fire detection to improve accuracy. The benefits and drawbacks of using deep learning for object detection over machine learning are highlighted. The algorithm used to obtain the target location the robot must move to use bounding box coordinates is also discussed in this paper.
2019 IEEE 10th GCC Conference & Exhibition (GCC), 2019
The recent shift towards the utilisation of automated systems has necessitated newer and more adv... more The recent shift towards the utilisation of automated systems has necessitated newer and more advanced technologies that can improve efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of processes in the industrial environment. The focus of this paper is on remote monitoring and automation for Bottle filling industry using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. Effective storage and management of the packaged bottles (warehouse management systems) has also been illustrated through a comparative study between two warehouse management techniques using Barcode technology and crane automation systems. The optimisation of warehouse activities can further increase the consistency and efficiency of the industry. Implementation has been carried using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) – SCADA systems which provides durability, flexibility and ease of programming. This system can be further expanded into any other sorting industries as well.
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS), 2017
Wind power is the third ranked source of renewable energy. However, one of the biggest issues of ... more Wind power is the third ranked source of renewable energy. However, one of the biggest issues of Wind-turbines is adapting to the unstable wind conditions. Several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) application systems are discussed and compared in this paper. One of the methods discussed in this paper was implemented with an adaptive switching system to track the maximum power. This system can be designed with either using a micro-controller or Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and both approaches were instigated and compared. The second method described in this paper uses relays to control the connected load. Then a new method is proposed in this paper which uses a benchmark motor to measure the wind speed and configure the load accordingly. All the three methods were implemented using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) with PLC. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the two existing systems of variable speed controller wind turbines for it's viability for the long run in future.
Obstacle avoidance is a major hurdle when implementing mobile robots and swarm robots. Swarm robo... more Obstacle avoidance is a major hurdle when implementing mobile robots and swarm robots. Swarm robots work in groups and therefore require an efficient and functional obstacle avoidance algorithm to stay collision free between themselves and their surroundings. This paper reviews previous research in obstacle avoidance implementation using the force field method (FFM), also known as potential field method (PFM) and a neutral network approach. Moreover, this paper aims to execute simulations using a modified force field algorithm and a neural network approach and compare them. The obtained results are analyzed to identify the performance characteristics and the time taken to perform tasks using a singular mobile robot against a swarm robot environment consisting of four and ten robots, respectively, in both simulation cases. Simulations showed that the algorithm was successful in navigating obstacles for both single and swarm robot environments. A single robot was found to take up to 3...
Control systems are probably one of the important building blocks in almost every man-made entity... more Control systems are probably one of the important building blocks in almost every man-made entity, machinery and electromechanical systems. With automation expanding rapidly in every field supported by advancing technology, to reduce human work load and improve performance and delivery of systems, the need for effective and smarter control systems is ever-growing. This paper presents the design and analysis of an autopilot system. The mathematical model of the aircraft has been limited to a longitudinal 3 Degrees Of Freedom model (3-DOF), reasons for which are explained. The model developed have been tested and analyzed under various flying conditions based on the pilot inputs and results of the same are depicted. The paper provides the methodology of building the autopilot system and precisely compiled results of testing. Key-Words: Aerodynamic, Flight dynamics, 3-DOF autopilot, PID, control automation.
This paper proposes an algorithm to perform quick X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrum analysis to b... more This paper proposes an algorithm to perform quick X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrum analysis to be used for metal testing and quality control by empirical studies. The metal industry usually deals with large volumes of scrap and metal during recycling. High speed sorting and testing of these metals allow for increased workflow while ensuring accurate identification of these metals. In this paper, An XRF spectrometer (X-MET8000 by Oxford Instruments) was used to gather raw spectra from some alloys. These spectra were fed into a MATLAB script that was designed to implement an algorithm which quickly identifies the elemental content of the sample by comparing it with the spectra input using Pearson correlation coefficients. Spectra from different alloys were analysed using the proposed XRF analyser algorithm in order to accelerate the identification of the elemental content of the sample. The proposed algorithm is successfully proved for the empirical method to which effectively identi...
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
This paper explains the design of an efficient dual axis sun tracking system using a complex algo... more This paper explains the design of an efficient dual axis sun tracking system using a complex algorithm to calculate the azimuth and elevation angles of the sun across the sky based upon real time feedback. The algorithm function was written in C/C++ programming language and integrated along with multiple other functions which were required to operate the electromechanical structure. Detailed explanation of the analogue charge controller is also included. This paper highlights the significance of the self-sufficient system and provides analysis of the experiments conducted using the prototype model. Furthermore, the proposed prototype consists of an Arduino UNO microcontroller, real time clock module, motor drivers, stepper motors, nine volt solar panel, a lead acid brick battery and the charge controller as its main components. This system can be put to multiple uses in order to harvest maximum renewable energy from the sun as well as be used as educational material.
Uploads
Papers by Senthil Muthukumaraswamy