This paper presentsthe experimental results of the rheological behavior of cement stabilized dred... more This paper presentsthe experimental results of the rheological behavior of cement stabilized dredged materials (DM) at high water contents. Slurries used for experiments were dredged from Baima Lake of Huai’an city and Tianjin Port of Tianjin city in China to prepare DM samples with various initial water contents (1.5~3.5 times of liquid limit). Various amounts of Portlandcement in different proportions (50~200 kg/m 3 ) were added to stabilize the specimens. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on the treated specimens includingflow tests and viscosity tests. Test results have indicated that the flow value of the cementstabilized DM increases with increasing initial water content and are independent of soil sources. DM samples stabilized at higher cement content has lower flow value. Cemented-DMs and non-treated DMs both behave as Bingham fluid and they are independent of cement content used for stabilization. Dynamic shear force and viscosity coefficient increase significant...
Drug abuse and impaired adaptation to stress are inter-related. Drug abuse is more potentiated up... more Drug abuse and impaired adaptation to stress are inter-related. Drug abuse is more potentiated upon exposure to stress and an impairment to cope with stress may lead to depression. On the other hand, use of addictive compounds increase the vulnerability to depression by inhibiting the adaptation to stress. Present study investigates relationship between behavioral tolerance to repeated restraint stress and apomorphine-induced sensitization. Apomorphine was injected either before or after the restraint stress episode, to monitor drug-induced behavioral sensitization and place preference. Apomorphine-induced sensitization and place preference were enhanced if the drug is experiencing during restraint stress. Conversely, apomorphine-induced sensitization and place preference were attenuated if the drug is experiencing after restraint stress. It shows that apomorphine, if experienced during restraint stress, produces greater sensitization Conversely, sensitization effects of apomorphine...
As stringent emissions controls are being placed on gas turbines, modern combustor design optimiz... more As stringent emissions controls are being placed on gas turbines, modern combustor design optimization is contingent on the accurate characterization of the combustor flame side heat loads. Power generation turbines are increasingly moving toward natural gas, biogas, and syngas, whose composition is highly dependent on the sourcing location. With fuel flexible nozzles, it is important to understand the heat load from various gas mixtures to optimize the cooling design to make sure the liner is not under/over cooled for some mixtures as this has a larger effect on NOx/CO emissions. In addition to knowing the heat load distribution, it is important to understand the peak heat load under start/stop transient conditions which tend to be much higher than steady-state/cruise altitude heat loads. The present work focuses on the experimental measurement of the transient heat load along a can combustor under reacting conditions for a swirl-stabilized premixed methane–air flame. Tests were carried out under various equivalence ratios, Reynolds numbers, and pilot fuel flowrate. An infrared camera was used to measure the inner and outer wall temperatures of the liner to calculate the liner heat load. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to visualize the flowfield for various reacting conditions studied in this work. Based on the heat transfer study, a detailed report of transient heat load along the length of the liner wall has been presented here. Initial start transient heat load on the liner wall is ∼10–40% more than the steady-state heat load.
The routine evaluation of nasal biopsy specimens obtained at polypectomy remains controversial. N... more The routine evaluation of nasal biopsy specimens obtained at polypectomy remains controversial. Nasal polyps is not a disease, but a physical finding associated with a host of causes. It manifests as a benign, chronic inflammatory disease of sinonasal mucosa. Clinical evaluation is considered sufficient to ascertain the nature of surgically removed specimens especially when they appear as simple nasal polyps. In clinical practice nasal surgery is not only done for nasal polyps, but for any growth or mass, mucosal abnormalities, ulcers etc. Most polyps originate from the clefts of osteomeatal complex and extend into the nasal cavity, leading to nasal obstruction, loss of smell, headache and secondary chronic sinusitis. The pathogenesis of polyp formation is still unknown. Genetic predisposition has been suggested, but remains unproven. Activated epithelial cells may be a major source of inflammatory mediators. These cause migration of eosinophils with proliferation and activation of ...
This thesis deals with topology optimization of load-carrying structures, in particular complianc... more This thesis deals with topology optimization of load-carrying structures, in particular compliance minimization subject to a constraint on the total amount of material to be used. The main purpose of the work was to compare the following three types of finite elements for the above topology optimization problems: Four node square elements with bilinear shape functions, nine node square elements with quadratic shape functions, and six node hexagonal elements with Wachspress shape functions. The SIMP approach (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) was used to model the topology optimization problem for different load and support conditions, and the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) was used to solve the formulated optimization problems. On the considered test problems, it turned out that the results obtained by using six node hexagonal elements were in general better than the corresponding results using nine node square elements which in turn were better than the results using f...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2016
This study aimed to analyze the results of a modified continuous quilting sutures technique in a ... more This study aimed to analyze the results of a modified continuous quilting sutures technique in a series of patients presenting with hematoma and/or abscess of nasal septum (HANS). Only patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HANS without co-morbid conditions (which could predispose to a bleeding tendency), were selected. Following incision and drainage, nasal septal flaps were coapted by applying continuous quilting sutures only. The success rate of this technique in terms of recurrence requiring re-exploration and drainage was 100%. Quilting sutures were generally well tolerated with few complaints. Saddle deformity was the most obvious complication of HANS, seen with septal abscess. Quilting sutures can be considered as an alternative treatment option for HANS. The modified technique employed in this study demonstrated impressive results and avoided the morbidity of nasal packing with fewer complications.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench, 2019
Aim We aimed at determining the prognostic value of the albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI) in patient... more Aim We aimed at determining the prognostic value of the albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI) in patients undergoing transarterial Chemoembolization for unresectable Hepatocellular carcinoma. Background Various noninvasive liver reserve markers are used to predict the severity of liver injury. The role and probability of these markers in predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. Methods Patients who underwent TACE from 2013 to 2017 were included. Patient's age, gender, cause of cirrhosis, ALBI Grade along with the site, size and number of tumors were recorded. Radiological response to TACE was assessed by CT scan at 1 and 3 months after the procedure, respectively. Survival assessment was performed and all patients were assessed for survival until the last follow-up. Results A total of 71 patients were included. Majority of them were male (80.3 %). The mean tumor size of 6 ± 3.9 cm. Majority of patients (54.9 %) had a single lesion and i...
This is an empirically study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on bilate... more This is an empirically study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on bilateral exports growth: evidence from Bangladesh. The countries are considered to determine based on the bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and the other countries under a range of regional economic blocks such as North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, SAARC, ASEAN, and Asia-Pacific regions. To establish the empirical relationship between exchange rate volatility and impact on exports growth, cointegration and error correction techniques are used by considering the data from 2003 to 2008. From the investigation, the result shows that the exchange rate volatility has a negative and major effect both in short run and long run with important trading partners, which are Western European and North American countries. Similar pattern was also experienced in case of few countries such as Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and China where the volume of trade with Bangladesh is comparatively c...
Objective: Present study was aimed to develop a reproducible, cheap and sensitive method for silv... more Objective: Present study was aimed to develop a reproducible, cheap and sensitive method for silver staining of double stranded DNA in agarose gel. Study Design: Experimental, repeated measure design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi. This experimental study was conducted, from Nov 2013 to Jan 2014. Material and Methods: The new method is the modification and improvement in the original method proposed in the literature. Samples of ds genomic DNA was run on a nondenaturing 1.5% agarose/0.5X TBE. After electrophoresis gel was fixed in 10% acetic acid and staining was performed using 1 gm % silver nitrate. DNA bands were developed using 1.5% NaOH. At each step shaking was done manually with a circular movement. The modified method was also compared with the ethidium bromide staining of the same samples of DNA. Results: The modified method was proved to be as sensitive as the ethidium bromide with the advantage of having long term cons...
Sea buckthorn a magic plant from Northern areas of Pakistan has multiple uses against various ail... more Sea buckthorn a magic plant from Northern areas of Pakistan has multiple uses against various ailments, soil enrichment and environmental purposes. The fruit berries are rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, essential oil, Phytosterol and minerals (Fe, Ca, P, Mn and K). The micronutrient like vitamin C, oil, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium contents in fruit berries of cultivated sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides. L. spp. sinensis) harvested at three ripening times were determined using biochemical analysis techniques. Harvesting at different stages of fruit ripening was the primary factor determining maximum expression of these biochemical constituents. Biochemical contents were determined at three fruit developmental stages i.e., unripened stage, medium stage and at full-ripened stage. During this study a decline in vitamin C contents was observed along with the fruit ripening. The oil contents in both seed and pulp increased with fruit ripening. Similarly, the mineral conte...
This is a study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on international trade... more This is a study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on international trade growth: evidence from Bangladesh. To establish the empirical relationship between exchange rate volatility and impact on international trade growth in Bangladesh, different quantitative techniques are used by considering the data from May 2003 to December 2008. In the analysis co-integration and error correction methods have been used to do the analysis the relationship between exchange rate volatility and international trade growth in Bangladesh. From the investigation, the result shows that the exchange rate volatility has a negative and major effect both in short run and long run with Western European and North American countries. There is a negative and significant relationship has been observed between exchange rate volatility and the international trade growth.
A time-dependent model designed for estimating the response of a horizontally loaded pile in a la... more A time-dependent model designed for estimating the response of a horizontally loaded pile in a layered saturated soil is presented in the present paper. The results of the present model are compared with the results of existing solution; a better agreement is seen thereof, thus verifying this model. The present results show that the shear force of the pile decreases with increasing depth. The results also indicate that the displacement of the pile decreases as the depth increases. In addition, the pore pressure along the pile-length vanishes to zero as the time increases. This model shows the influence of the soil on a single horizontally loaded pile. When the depth of the soil increases, the shear force and displacement of the pile all decrease significantly.
We present a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in a 48 years old Saudi female who reporte... more We present a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in a 48 years old Saudi female who reported with slowly progressive right sided extranodal neck mass associated with pulmonary metastasis. Clinical examination, histopathologic features including distinct immunostains combine together to make the rare diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. This entity is often misdiagnosed due to non-consideration in differential diagnosis of sarcoma. It carries a significant potential for regional as well as distant spread and hence categorized as intermediate risk malignancy. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects and therapeutic options of this unusual case are discussed.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess burnout and sense of coherence levels in dentistry students... more OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess burnout and sense of coherence levels in dentistry students of Karachi. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study involving 361 students from four renowned dental colleges in Karachi was carried out. The students were distributed a questionnaire derived from the Mayo Clinic Well-being Index (WBI) and a modified 13-item Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC scale). They were stratified on the basis of gender, age, professional year, institution, relationship status, history of chronic medical condition and history of chronic psychiatric condition. Scores for the WBI and SOC scale were calculated. For the WBI, a score of >4 was a sign that an individual was at risk of developing burnout or other severe outcomes. A high or low total score on the SOC scale demonstrated whether the individual was able to cope with his environment or not. MS Excel and SPSS version 23 were used for data compilation and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistic...
This paper presentsthe experimental results of the rheological behavior of cement stabilized dred... more This paper presentsthe experimental results of the rheological behavior of cement stabilized dredged materials (DM) at high water contents. Slurries used for experiments were dredged from Baima Lake of Huai’an city and Tianjin Port of Tianjin city in China to prepare DM samples with various initial water contents (1.5~3.5 times of liquid limit). Various amounts of Portlandcement in different proportions (50~200 kg/m 3 ) were added to stabilize the specimens. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on the treated specimens includingflow tests and viscosity tests. Test results have indicated that the flow value of the cementstabilized DM increases with increasing initial water content and are independent of soil sources. DM samples stabilized at higher cement content has lower flow value. Cemented-DMs and non-treated DMs both behave as Bingham fluid and they are independent of cement content used for stabilization. Dynamic shear force and viscosity coefficient increase significant...
Drug abuse and impaired adaptation to stress are inter-related. Drug abuse is more potentiated up... more Drug abuse and impaired adaptation to stress are inter-related. Drug abuse is more potentiated upon exposure to stress and an impairment to cope with stress may lead to depression. On the other hand, use of addictive compounds increase the vulnerability to depression by inhibiting the adaptation to stress. Present study investigates relationship between behavioral tolerance to repeated restraint stress and apomorphine-induced sensitization. Apomorphine was injected either before or after the restraint stress episode, to monitor drug-induced behavioral sensitization and place preference. Apomorphine-induced sensitization and place preference were enhanced if the drug is experiencing during restraint stress. Conversely, apomorphine-induced sensitization and place preference were attenuated if the drug is experiencing after restraint stress. It shows that apomorphine, if experienced during restraint stress, produces greater sensitization Conversely, sensitization effects of apomorphine...
As stringent emissions controls are being placed on gas turbines, modern combustor design optimiz... more As stringent emissions controls are being placed on gas turbines, modern combustor design optimization is contingent on the accurate characterization of the combustor flame side heat loads. Power generation turbines are increasingly moving toward natural gas, biogas, and syngas, whose composition is highly dependent on the sourcing location. With fuel flexible nozzles, it is important to understand the heat load from various gas mixtures to optimize the cooling design to make sure the liner is not under/over cooled for some mixtures as this has a larger effect on NOx/CO emissions. In addition to knowing the heat load distribution, it is important to understand the peak heat load under start/stop transient conditions which tend to be much higher than steady-state/cruise altitude heat loads. The present work focuses on the experimental measurement of the transient heat load along a can combustor under reacting conditions for a swirl-stabilized premixed methane–air flame. Tests were carried out under various equivalence ratios, Reynolds numbers, and pilot fuel flowrate. An infrared camera was used to measure the inner and outer wall temperatures of the liner to calculate the liner heat load. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to visualize the flowfield for various reacting conditions studied in this work. Based on the heat transfer study, a detailed report of transient heat load along the length of the liner wall has been presented here. Initial start transient heat load on the liner wall is ∼10–40% more than the steady-state heat load.
The routine evaluation of nasal biopsy specimens obtained at polypectomy remains controversial. N... more The routine evaluation of nasal biopsy specimens obtained at polypectomy remains controversial. Nasal polyps is not a disease, but a physical finding associated with a host of causes. It manifests as a benign, chronic inflammatory disease of sinonasal mucosa. Clinical evaluation is considered sufficient to ascertain the nature of surgically removed specimens especially when they appear as simple nasal polyps. In clinical practice nasal surgery is not only done for nasal polyps, but for any growth or mass, mucosal abnormalities, ulcers etc. Most polyps originate from the clefts of osteomeatal complex and extend into the nasal cavity, leading to nasal obstruction, loss of smell, headache and secondary chronic sinusitis. The pathogenesis of polyp formation is still unknown. Genetic predisposition has been suggested, but remains unproven. Activated epithelial cells may be a major source of inflammatory mediators. These cause migration of eosinophils with proliferation and activation of ...
This thesis deals with topology optimization of load-carrying structures, in particular complianc... more This thesis deals with topology optimization of load-carrying structures, in particular compliance minimization subject to a constraint on the total amount of material to be used. The main purpose of the work was to compare the following three types of finite elements for the above topology optimization problems: Four node square elements with bilinear shape functions, nine node square elements with quadratic shape functions, and six node hexagonal elements with Wachspress shape functions. The SIMP approach (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) was used to model the topology optimization problem for different load and support conditions, and the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) was used to solve the formulated optimization problems. On the considered test problems, it turned out that the results obtained by using six node hexagonal elements were in general better than the corresponding results using nine node square elements which in turn were better than the results using f...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2016
This study aimed to analyze the results of a modified continuous quilting sutures technique in a ... more This study aimed to analyze the results of a modified continuous quilting sutures technique in a series of patients presenting with hematoma and/or abscess of nasal septum (HANS). Only patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HANS without co-morbid conditions (which could predispose to a bleeding tendency), were selected. Following incision and drainage, nasal septal flaps were coapted by applying continuous quilting sutures only. The success rate of this technique in terms of recurrence requiring re-exploration and drainage was 100%. Quilting sutures were generally well tolerated with few complaints. Saddle deformity was the most obvious complication of HANS, seen with septal abscess. Quilting sutures can be considered as an alternative treatment option for HANS. The modified technique employed in this study demonstrated impressive results and avoided the morbidity of nasal packing with fewer complications.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench, 2019
Aim We aimed at determining the prognostic value of the albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI) in patient... more Aim We aimed at determining the prognostic value of the albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI) in patients undergoing transarterial Chemoembolization for unresectable Hepatocellular carcinoma. Background Various noninvasive liver reserve markers are used to predict the severity of liver injury. The role and probability of these markers in predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. Methods Patients who underwent TACE from 2013 to 2017 were included. Patient's age, gender, cause of cirrhosis, ALBI Grade along with the site, size and number of tumors were recorded. Radiological response to TACE was assessed by CT scan at 1 and 3 months after the procedure, respectively. Survival assessment was performed and all patients were assessed for survival until the last follow-up. Results A total of 71 patients were included. Majority of them were male (80.3 %). The mean tumor size of 6 ± 3.9 cm. Majority of patients (54.9 %) had a single lesion and i...
This is an empirically study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on bilate... more This is an empirically study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on bilateral exports growth: evidence from Bangladesh. The countries are considered to determine based on the bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and the other countries under a range of regional economic blocks such as North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, SAARC, ASEAN, and Asia-Pacific regions. To establish the empirical relationship between exchange rate volatility and impact on exports growth, cointegration and error correction techniques are used by considering the data from 2003 to 2008. From the investigation, the result shows that the exchange rate volatility has a negative and major effect both in short run and long run with important trading partners, which are Western European and North American countries. Similar pattern was also experienced in case of few countries such as Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and China where the volume of trade with Bangladesh is comparatively c...
Objective: Present study was aimed to develop a reproducible, cheap and sensitive method for silv... more Objective: Present study was aimed to develop a reproducible, cheap and sensitive method for silver staining of double stranded DNA in agarose gel. Study Design: Experimental, repeated measure design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi. This experimental study was conducted, from Nov 2013 to Jan 2014. Material and Methods: The new method is the modification and improvement in the original method proposed in the literature. Samples of ds genomic DNA was run on a nondenaturing 1.5% agarose/0.5X TBE. After electrophoresis gel was fixed in 10% acetic acid and staining was performed using 1 gm % silver nitrate. DNA bands were developed using 1.5% NaOH. At each step shaking was done manually with a circular movement. The modified method was also compared with the ethidium bromide staining of the same samples of DNA. Results: The modified method was proved to be as sensitive as the ethidium bromide with the advantage of having long term cons...
Sea buckthorn a magic plant from Northern areas of Pakistan has multiple uses against various ail... more Sea buckthorn a magic plant from Northern areas of Pakistan has multiple uses against various ailments, soil enrichment and environmental purposes. The fruit berries are rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, essential oil, Phytosterol and minerals (Fe, Ca, P, Mn and K). The micronutrient like vitamin C, oil, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium contents in fruit berries of cultivated sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides. L. spp. sinensis) harvested at three ripening times were determined using biochemical analysis techniques. Harvesting at different stages of fruit ripening was the primary factor determining maximum expression of these biochemical constituents. Biochemical contents were determined at three fruit developmental stages i.e., unripened stage, medium stage and at full-ripened stage. During this study a decline in vitamin C contents was observed along with the fruit ripening. The oil contents in both seed and pulp increased with fruit ripening. Similarly, the mineral conte...
This is a study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on international trade... more This is a study to investigate the exchange rate volatility and it impacts on international trade growth: evidence from Bangladesh. To establish the empirical relationship between exchange rate volatility and impact on international trade growth in Bangladesh, different quantitative techniques are used by considering the data from May 2003 to December 2008. In the analysis co-integration and error correction methods have been used to do the analysis the relationship between exchange rate volatility and international trade growth in Bangladesh. From the investigation, the result shows that the exchange rate volatility has a negative and major effect both in short run and long run with Western European and North American countries. There is a negative and significant relationship has been observed between exchange rate volatility and the international trade growth.
A time-dependent model designed for estimating the response of a horizontally loaded pile in a la... more A time-dependent model designed for estimating the response of a horizontally loaded pile in a layered saturated soil is presented in the present paper. The results of the present model are compared with the results of existing solution; a better agreement is seen thereof, thus verifying this model. The present results show that the shear force of the pile decreases with increasing depth. The results also indicate that the displacement of the pile decreases as the depth increases. In addition, the pore pressure along the pile-length vanishes to zero as the time increases. This model shows the influence of the soil on a single horizontally loaded pile. When the depth of the soil increases, the shear force and displacement of the pile all decrease significantly.
We present a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in a 48 years old Saudi female who reporte... more We present a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in a 48 years old Saudi female who reported with slowly progressive right sided extranodal neck mass associated with pulmonary metastasis. Clinical examination, histopathologic features including distinct immunostains combine together to make the rare diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. This entity is often misdiagnosed due to non-consideration in differential diagnosis of sarcoma. It carries a significant potential for regional as well as distant spread and hence categorized as intermediate risk malignancy. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects and therapeutic options of this unusual case are discussed.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess burnout and sense of coherence levels in dentistry students... more OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess burnout and sense of coherence levels in dentistry students of Karachi. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study involving 361 students from four renowned dental colleges in Karachi was carried out. The students were distributed a questionnaire derived from the Mayo Clinic Well-being Index (WBI) and a modified 13-item Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC scale). They were stratified on the basis of gender, age, professional year, institution, relationship status, history of chronic medical condition and history of chronic psychiatric condition. Scores for the WBI and SOC scale were calculated. For the WBI, a score of >4 was a sign that an individual was at risk of developing burnout or other severe outcomes. A high or low total score on the SOC scale demonstrated whether the individual was able to cope with his environment or not. MS Excel and SPSS version 23 were used for data compilation and statistical analysis. Descriptive statistic...
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