A fast and straightforward reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) usi... more A fast and straightforward reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) procedure to determine free tryptophan in vegetable oils was developed. The influence of eight variables affecting the RP-DLLME efficiency has been studied by a multivariate approach. A Plackett–Burman design for screening the most influential variables followed by a central composite response surface methodology led to an optimum RP-DLLME setup for a 1 g oil sample: 9 mL hexane as the diluting solvent, vortex extraction with 0.45 mL of DES (choline chloride–urea) at 40 °C, without addition of salt, and centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 4.0 min. The reconstituted extract was directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system working in the diode array mode. At the studied concentration levels, the obtained method detection limits (MDL) was 11 mg/kg, linearity in matrix-matched standards was R2 ≥ 0.997, relative standard deviations ...
Bearing in mind the centuries-old traditional use of chamomile, but also the increasing demand fo... more Bearing in mind the centuries-old traditional use of chamomile, but also the increasing demand for its products in modern industry, oriented toward sustainable development, there are increasing efforts for the efficient extraction of high-value compounds of this plant, as well as obtaining its products with added value. With that goal, conventional and contemporary separation techniques were applied in this work. Both hydrodistillation processes (HD), conducted in a traditional manner and coupled with microwave irradiation (MWHD), were used for essential oil isolation. In parallel with those procedures, chamomile lipophilic extracts were obtained by Soxhlet extraction applying organic solvents and using supercritical fluid extraction as a greener approach. The obtained extracts and essential oils were characterized in terms of chemical composition (GC analysis, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids) and biological potential. GC analysis revealed that oxygenated sesquiterpenes a...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SSE... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SSEDDS), as a potential delivery system for poorly water soluble carbamazepine by application of mixture design. The self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was formulated using Polysorbate 80, Transcutol (R) HP and Mygliol (R) 812. The input parameters for mixture design (components of SSEDDS) were: appropriate SEDDS, carbamazepine and adsorbent, Neusilin (R) UFL2, with appropriate ranges 10-30%, 30-50% and 40-60%, respectively. The output parameters were the percentages of carbamazepine released after 10 and 30 min. The aim was to formulate SSEDDS with very fast drug release, i.e. more than 80% of carbamazepine has to be released in 30 min. Optimal formulations were examined through the dissolution test, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. With the obtained mixture design models, for any combina...
Abstract In the present research, the chemical composition of aerial parts of cultivated citral c... more Abstract In the present research, the chemical composition of aerial parts of cultivated citral chemotype of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae), growing at different soil conditions was studied. Two plant lineages were unfertilized or treated using either nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizers at different concentration levels. Essential oil (EO) content, EO composition, and composition of hydromethanol extracts (MEs) were compared to the results obtained for wild growing plants in order to evaluate the potential of T. pannonicus for its industrial production. EO content (%, V/m) in cultivated samples varied between 0.32-0.75% and 0.62–1.05% within two examined lineages, whereas the herbs from the natural habitat contained 0.49–1.29% of EO. GC-FID/MS analysis showed that citral, i.e. mixture of isomers geranial and neral, was the most abundant constituent in all EOs (51.90–81.96%). HPLC analysis revealed that total caffeic acid derivatives, with rosmarinic acid (RA) as the most abundant compound in all extracts, as well as total apigenin glycosides contents were significantly higher in the extracts originating from the cultivated herbs (112.15–184.94 mg/g and 5.08–15.29 mg/g, respectively), in comparison to the extracts of the herbs from the natural habitats (67.61–98.75 mg/g and 1.17–1.32 mg/g). In general, the composition of cultivated herbs varied less than that of samples originating from natural habitats, indicating that controlled cultivation of citral chemotype of T. pannonicus can provide herbal drug with favourable characteristics. Only minor differences were observed between cultivated samples treated with different fertilizers.
To close the gap in our knowledge of sex influence on age-related changes in inflammation-oxidati... more To close the gap in our knowledge of sex influence on age-related changes in inflammation-oxidation state in spinal cord (SC) relevant to inflammation/oxidative-stress associated neuropathologies, 2-3 month-old (young) and 18-20 month-old (old) rats, exhibiting increased level of IL-6, a commonly used marker of inflamm-aging, were examined for inflammatory/redox status, and the underlying regulatory networks' molecules expression. With age, rat SC microglia became sensitized ("primed"), while SC tissue shifted towards mild inflammatory state, with increased levels of proinflammatory IL-1β (key marker of microglial systemic inflammation-induced neurotoxicity), which was more prominent in males. This, most likely, reflected age- and sex-related impairment in the expression of CX3CR1, the receptor for fractalkine (CX3CL1), the soluble factor which regulates microglial activation and diminishes production of IL-1β (central for fractalkine neuroprotection). Considering that...
. The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S... more . The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SSEDDS), as a potential delivery system for poorly water soluble carbamazepine by application of mixture design. The self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was formulated using Polysorbate 80, Transcutol® HP and Mygliol® 812. The input parameters for mixture design (components of SSEDDS) were: appropriate SEDDS, carbamazepine and adsorbent, Neusilin® UFL2, with appropriate ranges 10-30%, 30-50% and 40-60%, respectively. The output parameters were the percentages of carbamazepine released after 10 and 30 min. The aim was to formulate SSEDDS with very fast drug release, i.e. more than 80% of carbamazepine has to be released in 30 min. Optimal formulations were examined through the dissolution test, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. With the obtained mixture design models, for any combination of...
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharm... more Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia ✉Corresponding author: Marko Krstic, mkrstic109@gmail.com
Crayons and colored pencils for children may contain toxic elements (TEs) exhibiting potential ri... more Crayons and colored pencils for children may contain toxic elements (TEs) exhibiting potential risk for children?s health including cognitive development, after their ingestion, through mouthing and chewing and eventually, their accumulation. The aim of this study was to determine total content of As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Sb and estimate their bioaccessibility conducting artificial saliva extraction. Sixty samples of colored pencils and crayons from 10 manufacturers were analyzed. Microwave acid assisted digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was performed for determination of total content of TE. Simulation of extraction by artificial saliva was applied to get more reliable data when bioavailability is concerned. The total concentrations of TE were higher in colored pencils than in crayons and their maximum levels were: 5.78, 9.36, 9.97, 0.615, and 6.63 mg kg-1 for As, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni respectively. Concentration of Sb was below the detecti...
Lead isotope ratio pattern (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb) ... more Lead isotope ratio pattern (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb) was analyzed in 59 samples of Serbian wine, from four geographical regions. By utilization of powerful inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), lead isotope ratios were used as unique “fingerprint”, when combined with multivariate methods of analysis (Principal Component Analysis), provided information on the geographical origin of wine. In validation of ICP- QMS method and quantitative analysis, the certified reference material NIST SRM 981 was employed to test the mass-bias correction and thallium isotopes 203Tl and 205Tl (NIST SRM 997) as an internal standard. The obtained results were discussed in correlation with the corresponding values of LIRs of different European and Australian wines. In addition, the impact of anthropogenic Pb from different sources on the total Pb isotopic composition in Serbian wines was analyzed too. On the other side, the obtained values of P...
A fast and straightforward reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) usi... more A fast and straightforward reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) procedure to determine free tryptophan in vegetable oils was developed. The influence of eight variables affecting the RP-DLLME efficiency has been studied by a multivariate approach. A Plackett–Burman design for screening the most influential variables followed by a central composite response surface methodology led to an optimum RP-DLLME setup for a 1 g oil sample: 9 mL hexane as the diluting solvent, vortex extraction with 0.45 mL of DES (choline chloride–urea) at 40 °C, without addition of salt, and centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 4.0 min. The reconstituted extract was directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system working in the diode array mode. At the studied concentration levels, the obtained method detection limits (MDL) was 11 mg/kg, linearity in matrix-matched standards was R2 ≥ 0.997, relative standard deviations ...
Bearing in mind the centuries-old traditional use of chamomile, but also the increasing demand fo... more Bearing in mind the centuries-old traditional use of chamomile, but also the increasing demand for its products in modern industry, oriented toward sustainable development, there are increasing efforts for the efficient extraction of high-value compounds of this plant, as well as obtaining its products with added value. With that goal, conventional and contemporary separation techniques were applied in this work. Both hydrodistillation processes (HD), conducted in a traditional manner and coupled with microwave irradiation (MWHD), were used for essential oil isolation. In parallel with those procedures, chamomile lipophilic extracts were obtained by Soxhlet extraction applying organic solvents and using supercritical fluid extraction as a greener approach. The obtained extracts and essential oils were characterized in terms of chemical composition (GC analysis, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids) and biological potential. GC analysis revealed that oxygenated sesquiterpenes a...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SSE... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SSEDDS), as a potential delivery system for poorly water soluble carbamazepine by application of mixture design. The self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was formulated using Polysorbate 80, Transcutol (R) HP and Mygliol (R) 812. The input parameters for mixture design (components of SSEDDS) were: appropriate SEDDS, carbamazepine and adsorbent, Neusilin (R) UFL2, with appropriate ranges 10-30%, 30-50% and 40-60%, respectively. The output parameters were the percentages of carbamazepine released after 10 and 30 min. The aim was to formulate SSEDDS with very fast drug release, i.e. more than 80% of carbamazepine has to be released in 30 min. Optimal formulations were examined through the dissolution test, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. With the obtained mixture design models, for any combina...
Abstract In the present research, the chemical composition of aerial parts of cultivated citral c... more Abstract In the present research, the chemical composition of aerial parts of cultivated citral chemotype of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae), growing at different soil conditions was studied. Two plant lineages were unfertilized or treated using either nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizers at different concentration levels. Essential oil (EO) content, EO composition, and composition of hydromethanol extracts (MEs) were compared to the results obtained for wild growing plants in order to evaluate the potential of T. pannonicus for its industrial production. EO content (%, V/m) in cultivated samples varied between 0.32-0.75% and 0.62–1.05% within two examined lineages, whereas the herbs from the natural habitat contained 0.49–1.29% of EO. GC-FID/MS analysis showed that citral, i.e. mixture of isomers geranial and neral, was the most abundant constituent in all EOs (51.90–81.96%). HPLC analysis revealed that total caffeic acid derivatives, with rosmarinic acid (RA) as the most abundant compound in all extracts, as well as total apigenin glycosides contents were significantly higher in the extracts originating from the cultivated herbs (112.15–184.94 mg/g and 5.08–15.29 mg/g, respectively), in comparison to the extracts of the herbs from the natural habitats (67.61–98.75 mg/g and 1.17–1.32 mg/g). In general, the composition of cultivated herbs varied less than that of samples originating from natural habitats, indicating that controlled cultivation of citral chemotype of T. pannonicus can provide herbal drug with favourable characteristics. Only minor differences were observed between cultivated samples treated with different fertilizers.
To close the gap in our knowledge of sex influence on age-related changes in inflammation-oxidati... more To close the gap in our knowledge of sex influence on age-related changes in inflammation-oxidation state in spinal cord (SC) relevant to inflammation/oxidative-stress associated neuropathologies, 2-3 month-old (young) and 18-20 month-old (old) rats, exhibiting increased level of IL-6, a commonly used marker of inflamm-aging, were examined for inflammatory/redox status, and the underlying regulatory networks' molecules expression. With age, rat SC microglia became sensitized ("primed"), while SC tissue shifted towards mild inflammatory state, with increased levels of proinflammatory IL-1β (key marker of microglial systemic inflammation-induced neurotoxicity), which was more prominent in males. This, most likely, reflected age- and sex-related impairment in the expression of CX3CR1, the receptor for fractalkine (CX3CL1), the soluble factor which regulates microglial activation and diminishes production of IL-1β (central for fractalkine neuroprotection). Considering that...
. The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S... more . The purpose of this study was to investigate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SSEDDS), as a potential delivery system for poorly water soluble carbamazepine by application of mixture design. The self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was formulated using Polysorbate 80, Transcutol® HP and Mygliol® 812. The input parameters for mixture design (components of SSEDDS) were: appropriate SEDDS, carbamazepine and adsorbent, Neusilin® UFL2, with appropriate ranges 10-30%, 30-50% and 40-60%, respectively. The output parameters were the percentages of carbamazepine released after 10 and 30 min. The aim was to formulate SSEDDS with very fast drug release, i.e. more than 80% of carbamazepine has to be released in 30 min. Optimal formulations were examined through the dissolution test, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. With the obtained mixture design models, for any combination of...
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharm... more Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia ✉Corresponding author: Marko Krstic, mkrstic109@gmail.com
Crayons and colored pencils for children may contain toxic elements (TEs) exhibiting potential ri... more Crayons and colored pencils for children may contain toxic elements (TEs) exhibiting potential risk for children?s health including cognitive development, after their ingestion, through mouthing and chewing and eventually, their accumulation. The aim of this study was to determine total content of As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Sb and estimate their bioaccessibility conducting artificial saliva extraction. Sixty samples of colored pencils and crayons from 10 manufacturers were analyzed. Microwave acid assisted digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was performed for determination of total content of TE. Simulation of extraction by artificial saliva was applied to get more reliable data when bioavailability is concerned. The total concentrations of TE were higher in colored pencils than in crayons and their maximum levels were: 5.78, 9.36, 9.97, 0.615, and 6.63 mg kg-1 for As, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni respectively. Concentration of Sb was below the detecti...
Lead isotope ratio pattern (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb) ... more Lead isotope ratio pattern (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb) was analyzed in 59 samples of Serbian wine, from four geographical regions. By utilization of powerful inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), lead isotope ratios were used as unique “fingerprint”, when combined with multivariate methods of analysis (Principal Component Analysis), provided information on the geographical origin of wine. In validation of ICP- QMS method and quantitative analysis, the certified reference material NIST SRM 981 was employed to test the mass-bias correction and thallium isotopes 203Tl and 205Tl (NIST SRM 997) as an internal standard. The obtained results were discussed in correlation with the corresponding values of LIRs of different European and Australian wines. In addition, the impact of anthropogenic Pb from different sources on the total Pb isotopic composition in Serbian wines was analyzed too. On the other side, the obtained values of P...
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