The radioactive iodine (131I) ablation is a well-accepted treatment modality for differentiated t... more The radioactive iodine (131I) ablation is a well-accepted treatment modality for differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Unfortunately, the radiation induces the oxidative stress and damages cells and tissues, simultaneously activating the mechanisms of antioxidative defense. Since the mechanisms of those processes are not completely known, we wanted to examine the changes in the most important reactive oxygen species and antioxidative components, as well as their correlation and significance for lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was increased during the first 30 days after the radiotherapy. Among antioxidant components, superoxide dismutase was increased in the 3rd and 30th day; catalase in 7th and reduced glutathione in 3rd and 7th day after the radiotherapy. As regards the prooxidants, the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was recorded in 7th and 30th day, and superoxide anion radical (O?-) was unchanged after the...
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in many pathophysiological condit... more Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in many pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. The level of TGF-β in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has not been examined so far. The aim of this study was to measure TGF-β concentration in serum samples and in PHA-stimulated whole blood culture in vitro and to analyze possible associations of TGF-β1 levels with leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelets counts, the histological type of thyroid cancer, and stage of disease. TGF-β1 was measured in 22 DTC patients and 20 healthy controls using the duoSet ELISA Development kit for human TGF-β1. The concentration of TGF-β1 in serum samples from both groups correlated positively with the platelet counts. There was no statistically significant difference in the serum concentrations of TGF-β1 between DTC patients and control subjects, but PHA stimulated whole blood cultures of DTC patients produced less TGF-β1 than those from controls. Additional studies ...
The side effects of radioactive iodine (131-I) treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) p... more The side effects of radioactive iodine (131-I) treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients include reduction of peripheral blood cell counts. The aim of this study was to analyze some potential changes in blood cell counts of DTC patients after 131-I therapy, especially CD3-positive, CD19-positive, and CD56-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), as well as the possible role of apoptosis in selected lymphocyte populations. The study group included 24 thyroid cancer patients and 24 control subjects. Peripheral blood samples from patients and controls were analyzed using 5-color flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were detected using an Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit. There was a statistically significant decrease of all blood cells after the 131-I therapy. The CD19+ B lymphocyte population was the most affected (5.82 ± 3.21% before therapy vs. 3.93 ± 2.60% after therapy, p = 0.008). This decrease was correlated with the degree of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (Sp...
Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2016
Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, bu... more Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to examine fatigue in patients with AITD and to analyse the correlation between fatigue and the serum concentrations of thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression. This cross-sectional clinical study included 62 patients with increased concentrations of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) as confirmation of AITD and 52 healthy individuals who were negative for thyroid antibodies; all controls were euthyroid. Thyroid antibodies, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in the sera of all subjects. The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure the severity of fatigue; the level of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Eight (12.9%) patients had evident fatigue, 7 (11.3%) patients had fatigue limit values, and 47 (75.8%) patients had no...
Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2014
ABSTRACTShort-term, overt hypothyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) bef... more ABSTRACTShort-term, overt hypothyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before radioiodine (131-I) therapy might be accompanied by a number of metabolic changes, including altered protein and lipid metabolism. Protein concentrations and their relationship to lipids in the serum of DTC patients have not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the protein and lipid concentrations in 24 DTC patients before and 3 and 7 days after 131-I therapy compared with those of 20 healthy control subjects. After radioiodine therapy, the mean protein concentration (78.71 ± 6.71 g/L vs. 87.16 ± 6.04 g/L; p = 0.003) and cholesterol level (8.12 ± 2.13 mmol/L vs. 8.84 ± 2.09 mmol/L; p = 0.001) were lower 3 days after therapy; this persisted up to 7 days after therapy, whereas triglyceride concentrations were higher 3 days after therapy (2.44 ± 1.07 mmol/L vs. 2.26 ± 1.08 mmol/L; p = 0.041) and returned towards the pretreatment values at 7 days after 131-I therap...
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent thyroid autoimmune disease, while papillary thyro... more Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent thyroid autoimmune disease, while papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. A few patients with HT also develop PTC. The aim of this study was to analyze cytokine profiles in patients with PTC accompanied with autoimmune HT in comparison with those in patients with PTC alone or HT alone and healthy subjects. Cytokine levels were determined in supernatants obtained from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated whole blood cultures in vitro. The concentrations of selected cytokines: Th1-interferon gamma (IFN-γ); Th2-interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 13 (IL-13); Th9-interleukin 9 (IL-9); and Th17-interleukin 17 (IL-17A) were measured using multiplex cytokine detection systems for human Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22. We found that PTC patients with HT produced significantly higher concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and IFN-γ than PTC patients without HT. In conclusion, autoimmune HT affects the cytokine profile of patients with PTC by stimulating secretion of Th1/Th2/Th9 types of cytokines. Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios in PTC patients with associated autoimmune HT indicate a marked shift toward Th2 immunity.
Ionizing radiation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated with radioiodine (131-... more Ionizing radiation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated with radioiodine (131-I) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could induce oxidative stress with disturbance of redox balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in DTC patients treated with 3.7 or 5.5 GBq of 131-I using values for serum malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of oxidative stress), uric acid (to determine antioxidant status) and total antioxidative status (TAS). The study population included 20 DTC patients and 20 healthy controls. Significant differences in MDA concentrations were found between DTC patients before 131-I therapy and control subjects (p = 0.001), while TAS values were similar in both populations (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between MDA concentrations and TAS in the DTC group before therapy (R2 = 0.2973, p = 0.013). Three days after 131-I therapy, MDA concentrations were higher than the pretreatment values (3.36 +/- 1.69 nmol/mL vs. 2.93 +...
Network perturbations have been reported in autoimmune processes which could cause polyclonal cel... more Network perturbations have been reported in autoimmune processes which could cause polyclonal cell activation. Hyper-immunization was achieved by the injection of 3 mg of human monoclonal IgM DJ into BALB/c mice. Indirect ELISA was performed to detect induced antibody specificities. Competitive ELISAs were carried out on sera to detect the idiotypes expressed in first (Ab1) and second (Ab2) antibodies in sequence. In the sera of hyper-immunized mice, the concentrations of Ab1 and Ab2 were respectively five and ten times higher than in the sera of normoimmunized mice. Polyclonal lymphocyte activation was demonstrated by an increase in antibodies specific for antigens (cytochrome C) not related to the immunizing antigen, elevated levels of IgM antibodies specific for the immunogen and elevated levels of Ab2s of the IgM isotype. These findings are indicative of antigen-dependent network perturbation being a causative factor in polyclonal lymphocyte activation.
Natural autoantibodies can recognize self-antigens expressed on damaged cell membranes and partic... more Natural autoantibodies can recognize self-antigens expressed on damaged cell membranes and participate in their elimination from the body and maintainance of homeostasis. It has been shown earlier that human monoclonal immunoglobulin M DJ isolated from sera of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, possesses characteristics of natural antibodies/autoantibodies and binds to phosphoryl choline. In this paper we analyzed binding of IgM DJ to the membrane of thymocytes, T-lymphocytes derived from lymph node and to T-cell hybridomas. Human monoclonal IgM antibodies were isolated by means of euglobulin precipitation and used for immunization of BALB/c mice. T-lymphocytes were isolated from lymph nodes and stimulated by antigen or Concanavalin A, used as a mitogen. For obtaining T-T hybridoma, fusion was done with BW 5147 cell line. Binding of IgM DJ to T-lymphocytes and T-hybridomas was detected by flow cytometry. We presented IgM DJ binding to the membrane of thymocytes and lymphoc...
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a hereditary disorder of peroxisomal metabolism, biochem... more X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a hereditary disorder of peroxisomal metabolism, biochemically characterized by accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids. DIAGNOSIS OF X-ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY: The biochemical diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is done by gas-chromatographic analysis of plasma very long chain fatty acids. Accumulation of these fatty acids is associated with cerebral demyelination, peripheral nerve abnormalities, adrenocortical insufficiency and it may play a role in the pathogenesis of the brain inflammatory response. Detection of familial index cases is important for diagnosis of further cases of X-ALD, treatment of asynmptomatic or barely symptomatic cases to avoid or delay symptom development of heterozygotes, and for providing genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in high risk persons. Retroviral mediated gene transfer corrects VLCFA metabolism in several months in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from patients with X-ALD. Theref...
Introduction. Thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies (TPO Abs) are mostly measured in patient... more Introduction. Thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies (TPO Abs) are mostly measured in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The aim of this study was to compare TPO Ab concentrations measured by two radioimmunoassays. Material and methods. Our investigation included 38 patients. Sera concentrations of TPO Abs were measured by using Cis biointernational (France) and Immunotech (Czech Republic) assays. Results. Concentrations obtained by two assays were extensively different. The values measured by Cis biointernational assay were higher than ones obtained by Immunotech assay. The statistical arrangement of results showed the direct correlation between the two assays, with the coefficient of agreement R=0.6239 (p<0.001). The analysis of relative values (ratio of measured and upper limit values given by the manufacturer) demonstrated the statistically significant difference (p=0.003) between values measured by Cis biointernational (18.94?37.22) and by Immunotech assay (4.22?...
Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of cells of the immune system and also have been impl... more Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of cells of the immune system and also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine profiles in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before and 7 days after radioactive iodine (131-I) therapy. Cytokine levels were determined in supernatants obtained from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated whole blood cultures of 13 patients with DTC and 13 control subjects. The concentrations of selected cytokines: Th1-interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); Th2-interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 10 (IL-10); Th9-interleukin-9 (IL-9); and Th17-interleukin 17 (IL-17A) were measured using multiplex cytokine detection systems for Human Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22. We have shown that peripheral blood cells of DTC patients produce significantly higher concentrations of Th2/Th9 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-9) than control subjects. The 131-I therapy led to reduced secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). Despite this, the calculated cytokine ratios (Th1/Th2) in DTC patients before and 7 days after 131-I therapy were not different from those in healthy subjects. DTC patients have significantly higher concentrations of Th2/Th9 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-9) than control subjects. There is no influence of hypothyroidism or stage of disease on cytokine production in DTC patients before 131-I therapy. The radioactive 131-I therapy leads to reduced secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). Additional studies are needed to determine the significance of these findings.
The radioactive iodine (131I) ablation is a well-accepted treatment modality for differentiated t... more The radioactive iodine (131I) ablation is a well-accepted treatment modality for differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Unfortunately, the radiation induces the oxidative stress and damages cells and tissues, simultaneously activating the mechanisms of antioxidative defense. Since the mechanisms of those processes are not completely known, we wanted to examine the changes in the most important reactive oxygen species and antioxidative components, as well as their correlation and significance for lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was increased during the first 30 days after the radiotherapy. Among antioxidant components, superoxide dismutase was increased in the 3rd and 30th day; catalase in 7th and reduced glutathione in 3rd and 7th day after the radiotherapy. As regards the prooxidants, the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was recorded in 7th and 30th day, and superoxide anion radical (O?-) was unchanged after the...
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in many pathophysiological condit... more Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in many pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. The level of TGF-β in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has not been examined so far. The aim of this study was to measure TGF-β concentration in serum samples and in PHA-stimulated whole blood culture in vitro and to analyze possible associations of TGF-β1 levels with leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelets counts, the histological type of thyroid cancer, and stage of disease. TGF-β1 was measured in 22 DTC patients and 20 healthy controls using the duoSet ELISA Development kit for human TGF-β1. The concentration of TGF-β1 in serum samples from both groups correlated positively with the platelet counts. There was no statistically significant difference in the serum concentrations of TGF-β1 between DTC patients and control subjects, but PHA stimulated whole blood cultures of DTC patients produced less TGF-β1 than those from controls. Additional studies ...
The side effects of radioactive iodine (131-I) treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) p... more The side effects of radioactive iodine (131-I) treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients include reduction of peripheral blood cell counts. The aim of this study was to analyze some potential changes in blood cell counts of DTC patients after 131-I therapy, especially CD3-positive, CD19-positive, and CD56-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), as well as the possible role of apoptosis in selected lymphocyte populations. The study group included 24 thyroid cancer patients and 24 control subjects. Peripheral blood samples from patients and controls were analyzed using 5-color flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were detected using an Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit. There was a statistically significant decrease of all blood cells after the 131-I therapy. The CD19+ B lymphocyte population was the most affected (5.82 ± 3.21% before therapy vs. 3.93 ± 2.60% after therapy, p = 0.008). This decrease was correlated with the degree of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (Sp...
Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2016
Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, bu... more Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to examine fatigue in patients with AITD and to analyse the correlation between fatigue and the serum concentrations of thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression. This cross-sectional clinical study included 62 patients with increased concentrations of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) as confirmation of AITD and 52 healthy individuals who were negative for thyroid antibodies; all controls were euthyroid. Thyroid antibodies, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in the sera of all subjects. The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure the severity of fatigue; the level of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Eight (12.9%) patients had evident fatigue, 7 (11.3%) patients had fatigue limit values, and 47 (75.8%) patients had no...
Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2014
ABSTRACTShort-term, overt hypothyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) bef... more ABSTRACTShort-term, overt hypothyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before radioiodine (131-I) therapy might be accompanied by a number of metabolic changes, including altered protein and lipid metabolism. Protein concentrations and their relationship to lipids in the serum of DTC patients have not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the protein and lipid concentrations in 24 DTC patients before and 3 and 7 days after 131-I therapy compared with those of 20 healthy control subjects. After radioiodine therapy, the mean protein concentration (78.71 ± 6.71 g/L vs. 87.16 ± 6.04 g/L; p = 0.003) and cholesterol level (8.12 ± 2.13 mmol/L vs. 8.84 ± 2.09 mmol/L; p = 0.001) were lower 3 days after therapy; this persisted up to 7 days after therapy, whereas triglyceride concentrations were higher 3 days after therapy (2.44 ± 1.07 mmol/L vs. 2.26 ± 1.08 mmol/L; p = 0.041) and returned towards the pretreatment values at 7 days after 131-I therap...
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent thyroid autoimmune disease, while papillary thyro... more Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent thyroid autoimmune disease, while papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. A few patients with HT also develop PTC. The aim of this study was to analyze cytokine profiles in patients with PTC accompanied with autoimmune HT in comparison with those in patients with PTC alone or HT alone and healthy subjects. Cytokine levels were determined in supernatants obtained from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated whole blood cultures in vitro. The concentrations of selected cytokines: Th1-interferon gamma (IFN-γ); Th2-interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 13 (IL-13); Th9-interleukin 9 (IL-9); and Th17-interleukin 17 (IL-17A) were measured using multiplex cytokine detection systems for human Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22. We found that PTC patients with HT produced significantly higher concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and IFN-γ than PTC patients without HT. In conclusion, autoimmune HT affects the cytokine profile of patients with PTC by stimulating secretion of Th1/Th2/Th9 types of cytokines. Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios in PTC patients with associated autoimmune HT indicate a marked shift toward Th2 immunity.
Ionizing radiation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated with radioiodine (131-... more Ionizing radiation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated with radioiodine (131-I) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could induce oxidative stress with disturbance of redox balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in DTC patients treated with 3.7 or 5.5 GBq of 131-I using values for serum malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of oxidative stress), uric acid (to determine antioxidant status) and total antioxidative status (TAS). The study population included 20 DTC patients and 20 healthy controls. Significant differences in MDA concentrations were found between DTC patients before 131-I therapy and control subjects (p = 0.001), while TAS values were similar in both populations (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between MDA concentrations and TAS in the DTC group before therapy (R2 = 0.2973, p = 0.013). Three days after 131-I therapy, MDA concentrations were higher than the pretreatment values (3.36 +/- 1.69 nmol/mL vs. 2.93 +...
Network perturbations have been reported in autoimmune processes which could cause polyclonal cel... more Network perturbations have been reported in autoimmune processes which could cause polyclonal cell activation. Hyper-immunization was achieved by the injection of 3 mg of human monoclonal IgM DJ into BALB/c mice. Indirect ELISA was performed to detect induced antibody specificities. Competitive ELISAs were carried out on sera to detect the idiotypes expressed in first (Ab1) and second (Ab2) antibodies in sequence. In the sera of hyper-immunized mice, the concentrations of Ab1 and Ab2 were respectively five and ten times higher than in the sera of normoimmunized mice. Polyclonal lymphocyte activation was demonstrated by an increase in antibodies specific for antigens (cytochrome C) not related to the immunizing antigen, elevated levels of IgM antibodies specific for the immunogen and elevated levels of Ab2s of the IgM isotype. These findings are indicative of antigen-dependent network perturbation being a causative factor in polyclonal lymphocyte activation.
Natural autoantibodies can recognize self-antigens expressed on damaged cell membranes and partic... more Natural autoantibodies can recognize self-antigens expressed on damaged cell membranes and participate in their elimination from the body and maintainance of homeostasis. It has been shown earlier that human monoclonal immunoglobulin M DJ isolated from sera of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, possesses characteristics of natural antibodies/autoantibodies and binds to phosphoryl choline. In this paper we analyzed binding of IgM DJ to the membrane of thymocytes, T-lymphocytes derived from lymph node and to T-cell hybridomas. Human monoclonal IgM antibodies were isolated by means of euglobulin precipitation and used for immunization of BALB/c mice. T-lymphocytes were isolated from lymph nodes and stimulated by antigen or Concanavalin A, used as a mitogen. For obtaining T-T hybridoma, fusion was done with BW 5147 cell line. Binding of IgM DJ to T-lymphocytes and T-hybridomas was detected by flow cytometry. We presented IgM DJ binding to the membrane of thymocytes and lymphoc...
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a hereditary disorder of peroxisomal metabolism, biochem... more X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a hereditary disorder of peroxisomal metabolism, biochemically characterized by accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids. DIAGNOSIS OF X-ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY: The biochemical diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is done by gas-chromatographic analysis of plasma very long chain fatty acids. Accumulation of these fatty acids is associated with cerebral demyelination, peripheral nerve abnormalities, adrenocortical insufficiency and it may play a role in the pathogenesis of the brain inflammatory response. Detection of familial index cases is important for diagnosis of further cases of X-ALD, treatment of asynmptomatic or barely symptomatic cases to avoid or delay symptom development of heterozygotes, and for providing genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in high risk persons. Retroviral mediated gene transfer corrects VLCFA metabolism in several months in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from patients with X-ALD. Theref...
Introduction. Thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies (TPO Abs) are mostly measured in patient... more Introduction. Thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies (TPO Abs) are mostly measured in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The aim of this study was to compare TPO Ab concentrations measured by two radioimmunoassays. Material and methods. Our investigation included 38 patients. Sera concentrations of TPO Abs were measured by using Cis biointernational (France) and Immunotech (Czech Republic) assays. Results. Concentrations obtained by two assays were extensively different. The values measured by Cis biointernational assay were higher than ones obtained by Immunotech assay. The statistical arrangement of results showed the direct correlation between the two assays, with the coefficient of agreement R=0.6239 (p<0.001). The analysis of relative values (ratio of measured and upper limit values given by the manufacturer) demonstrated the statistically significant difference (p=0.003) between values measured by Cis biointernational (18.94?37.22) and by Immunotech assay (4.22?...
Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of cells of the immune system and also have been impl... more Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of cells of the immune system and also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine profiles in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before and 7 days after radioactive iodine (131-I) therapy. Cytokine levels were determined in supernatants obtained from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated whole blood cultures of 13 patients with DTC and 13 control subjects. The concentrations of selected cytokines: Th1-interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); Th2-interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 10 (IL-10); Th9-interleukin-9 (IL-9); and Th17-interleukin 17 (IL-17A) were measured using multiplex cytokine detection systems for Human Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22. We have shown that peripheral blood cells of DTC patients produce significantly higher concentrations of Th2/Th9 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-9) than control subjects. The 131-I therapy led to reduced secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). Despite this, the calculated cytokine ratios (Th1/Th2) in DTC patients before and 7 days after 131-I therapy were not different from those in healthy subjects. DTC patients have significantly higher concentrations of Th2/Th9 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-9) than control subjects. There is no influence of hypothyroidism or stage of disease on cytokine production in DTC patients before 131-I therapy. The radioactive 131-I therapy leads to reduced secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). Additional studies are needed to determine the significance of these findings.
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