The authors describe a technique for dynamic incremental computed tomography (CT) of the neck wit... more The authors describe a technique for dynamic incremental computed tomography (CT) of the neck with use of slow-power intravenous injection of contrast material. CT scans of the necks of 55 subjects were evaluated with this technique and were found to exhibit adequate opacification of the neck vessels. This method of contrast enhancement enables vessels to be confidently distinguished from enlarged lymph nodes or masses. It also provides information about the boundaries of masses, their vascularity, and their relationship to surrounding structures. In addition, the authors have optimized this technique by reducing contrast material volume while maintaining diagnostic quality.
Collateral pathways are well known in superior vena cava occlusion but not in axillary or subclav... more Collateral pathways are well known in superior vena cava occlusion but not in axillary or subclavian vein occlusion, even though these occlusions are becoming more common. In a series of 127 arm venograms obtained for suspected venous thrombosis, the authors found 32 instances of subclavian or axillary vein occlusion. The authors reviewed the cases for site of occlusion and definition of collateral pathways. In 15 cases, the occlusion was in the subclavian vein, with collateral flow established chiefly via veins in the neck. Ten cases of axillary vein occlusion with chest wall collateral pathways were identified. Seven cases could not be categorized. Knowledge of these pathways is useful for accurate interpretation of upper extremity venograms. A more thorough understanding of venous pathways in the upper body may aid in the treatment of patients with chronic disease and longterm indwelling central venous catheters.
Radiologists have been developing and refining the use of CT for abdominal trauma since the early... more Radiologists have been developing and refining the use of CT for abdominal trauma since the early 1980s. Computed tomographic imaging now is the accepted method for primary evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis in the hemodynamically stable trauma patient. Developments in CT technology, including slip rings and the multidetector array, have enabled faster acquisitions and the identification of injuries that previously were imperceptible after peak enhancement had passed. The entire liver and spleen now can be evaluated during peak enhancement in the portal venous phase, and vascular injuries now are much more apparent. Active extravasation of contrast medium is a valuable indicator of traumatic injury, and modern imaging technology and techniques make it possible to distinguish such extravasation from hemoperitoneum more easily. Similarly, rounded nodules of high attenuation located where large vessels are not expected—suggestive of traumatic pseudoaneurysms—also may be detected more readily.
The authors describe a technique for dynamic incremental computed tomography (CT) of the neck wit... more The authors describe a technique for dynamic incremental computed tomography (CT) of the neck with use of slow-power intravenous injection of contrast material. CT scans of the necks of 55 subjects were evaluated with this technique and were found to exhibit adequate opacification of the neck vessels. This method of contrast enhancement enables vessels to be confidently distinguished from enlarged lymph nodes or masses. It also provides information about the boundaries of masses, their vascularity, and their relationship to surrounding structures. In addition, the authors have optimized this technique by reducing contrast material volume while maintaining diagnostic quality.
Collateral pathways are well known in superior vena cava occlusion but not in axillary or subclav... more Collateral pathways are well known in superior vena cava occlusion but not in axillary or subclavian vein occlusion, even though these occlusions are becoming more common. In a series of 127 arm venograms obtained for suspected venous thrombosis, the authors found 32 instances of subclavian or axillary vein occlusion. The authors reviewed the cases for site of occlusion and definition of collateral pathways. In 15 cases, the occlusion was in the subclavian vein, with collateral flow established chiefly via veins in the neck. Ten cases of axillary vein occlusion with chest wall collateral pathways were identified. Seven cases could not be categorized. Knowledge of these pathways is useful for accurate interpretation of upper extremity venograms. A more thorough understanding of venous pathways in the upper body may aid in the treatment of patients with chronic disease and longterm indwelling central venous catheters.
Radiologists have been developing and refining the use of CT for abdominal trauma since the early... more Radiologists have been developing and refining the use of CT for abdominal trauma since the early 1980s. Computed tomographic imaging now is the accepted method for primary evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis in the hemodynamically stable trauma patient. Developments in CT technology, including slip rings and the multidetector array, have enabled faster acquisitions and the identification of injuries that previously were imperceptible after peak enhancement had passed. The entire liver and spleen now can be evaluated during peak enhancement in the portal venous phase, and vascular injuries now are much more apparent. Active extravasation of contrast medium is a valuable indicator of traumatic injury, and modern imaging technology and techniques make it possible to distinguish such extravasation from hemoperitoneum more easily. Similarly, rounded nodules of high attenuation located where large vessels are not expected—suggestive of traumatic pseudoaneurysms—also may be detected more readily.
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