The volume of active muscle and duration of extensor muscle force well-explain the associated met... more The volume of active muscle and duration of extensor muscle force well-explain the associated metabolic energy expenditure across body mass and speed during level-ground running and hopping. However, if these parameters fundamentally drive metabolic energy expenditure, then they should pertain to multiple modes of locomotion and provide a simple framework for relating biomechanics to metabolic energy expenditure in bouncing gaits. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of the ‘cost of generating force’ hypothesis to link biomechanics and metabolic energy expenditure during human running and hopping across step frequencies. We asked participants to run and hop at 0%, ±8% and ±15% of preferred step frequency. We calculated changes in active muscle volume, force duration, and metabolic energy expenditure. Overall, as step frequency increased, active muscle volume decreased due to postural changes via effective mechanical advantage (EMA) or duty factor. Accounting for changes in EMA and mu...
This article examines how Irish journalists depicted Mexico City as a suitable host for the 1968 ... more This article examines how Irish journalists depicted Mexico City as a suitable host for the 1968 Olympic Games. Mexican elites believed the event would attract foreign investment and tourists but faced an uphill battle as many European observers criticized the city as undeserving. Irish journalists often presented images of Mexico that were impacted by Ireland's own struggles of achieving sporting modernity and its sense of global importance as a white European nation. The image that emerged portrayed Mexico as rich in history and sporting infrastructure, but also mired in disorganization, superstition, and violence. These negative images may have propelled journalist and president of the Olympic Committee of Ireland, Lord Killanin, to the International Olympic Committee presidency.
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-bse-10.1177_0143624420974647 for Towards active buildings: Rating... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-bse-10.1177_0143624420974647 for Towards active buildings: Rating grid-servicing buildings by Daniel Fosas, Elli Nikolaidou, Matthew Roberts, Stephen Allen, Ian Walker and David Coley in Building Services Engineering Research & Technology
Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 2020
In most industrialized countries, the buildings sector is the largest contributor to energy consu... more In most industrialized countries, the buildings sector is the largest contributor to energy consumption and associated carbon emissions. These emissions can be reduced by a combination of energy efficiency and the use of building integrated renewables. Additionally, either singularly or as a group, buildings can provide energy network services by timing their use and production of energy. Such grid-aware or grid-responsive buildings have been termed Active Buildings. The recent UK Government investment of £36m in the Active Building Centre is a demonstration that such buildings are of considerable interest. One problem with the concept, however, is that there is no clear definition of Active Buildings, nor a building code to design or research against. Here we develop and test an initial novel code, called ABCode1. It is based on the need to encourage: (i) the minimisation of energy consumption; (ii) building-integrated generation; (iii) the provision of grid services; and (iv) the ...
In Escherichia coli high-level production of some heterologous proteins (specifically, human pror... more In Escherichia coli high-level production of some heterologous proteins (specifically, human prorenin, renin, and bovine insulin-like growth factor 2) resulted in the induction of two new E. coli heat shock proteins, both of which have molecular masses of 16 kDa and are tightly associated with inclusion bodies formed during heterologous protein production. We named these inclusion body-associated proteins IbpA and IbpB. The coding sequences for IbpA and IbpB were identified and isolated from the Kohara E. coli gene bank. The genes for these proteins (ibpA and ibpB) are located at 82.5 min on the chromosome. Nucleotide sequencing of the two genes revealed that they are transcribed in the same direction and are separated by 110 bp. Putative Shine-Dalgarno sequences are located upstream from the initiation codons of both genes. A putative heat shock promoter is located upstream from ibpA, and a putative transcription terminator is located downstream from ibpB. A temperature upshift exp...
The Tangguh Project in West Papua Province, Indonesia represents significant challenges in terms ... more The Tangguh Project in West Papua Province, Indonesia represents significant challenges in terms of drilling conditions, extreme remoteness, and social and environmental sensitivity. The Tangguh Drilling "Advanced Collaborative Environment" (ACE) was designed to enhance drilling performance and safety. Very positive results were achieved within the first months of the drilling operation. This paper describes the design approach, implementation and subsequent operational experience of the Tangguh Drilling ACE. A number of features of this ACE have since become exemplars for BP's drilling operations globally. The two-rig Tangguh development drilling campaign of 15 wells faced particularly difficult challenges with total losses, high vibration and the extreme remoteness of a location two timezones ahead of the office. To enhance drilling performance, an ACE was developed based on BP's global design principles covering people, process, technology, physical environment ...
This study describes a dominant low-seed-oil mutant (lo15571) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalian... more This study describes a dominant low-seed-oil mutant (lo15571) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) generated by enhancer tagging. Compositional analysis of developing siliques and mature seeds indicated reduced conversion of photoassimilates to oil. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased levels of At1g01050 protein in developing siliques of lo15571. At1g01050 encodes a soluble, cytosolic pyrophosphatase and is one of five closely related genes that share predicted cytosolic localization and at least 70% amino acid sequence identity. Expression of At1g01050 using a seed-preferred promoter recreated most features of the lo15571 seed phenotype, including low seed oil content and increased levels of transient starch and soluble sugars in developing siliques. Seed-preferred RNA interference-mediated silencing of At1g01050 and At3g53620, a second cytosolic pyrophosphatase gene that shows expression during seed filling, led to a heritable oil increase of 1% to 4%, mostly at the expense of...
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of four falls risk assessment tools (STRATIFY, Downton, ... more Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of four falls risk assessment tools (STRATIFY, Downton, Tullamore, and Tinetti) by using them simultaneously in the same environment.Design: Prospective, open, observational study.Setting: Two acute medical wards admitting predominantly older patients.Participants: One hundred thirty‐five patients, 86 female, mean age±standard deviation 83.8±8.01 (range 56–100).Measurements: A single clinician prospectively completed the four falls risk assessment tools. The extent of completion and time to complete each tool was recorded. Patients were followed until discharge, noting the occurrence of falls. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive accuracy, positive predictive accuracy, and total predictive accuracy were calculated.Results: The number of patients that the STRATIFY correctly identified (n=90) was significantly higher than the Downton (n=46; P<.001), Tullamore (n=66; P=.005), or Tinetti (n=52; P<.001) tools, but the STRATIFY h...
Discharge planning can be a lengthy process. Prediction of a patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;... more Discharge planning can be a lengthy process. Prediction of a patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s rehabilitation potential and likely discharge destination, early on in their admission, could be a useful guide for medics, therapists, patients and their carers. Reliable prediction could be used to improve efficiency of discharge planning. The aim of the present study was to identify factors linked to discharge to a residential or nursing home placement and to develop a tool to guide rehabilitation requirements. This was a three-phase prospective observational study with blinded end-point evaluation in two non-acute rehabilitation hospitals. The study recruited 1174 patients admitted for rehabilitation, over 65 years of age. Phase 1 evaluated 200 patients to identify factors predisposing to institutional discharge. The GEMS (gait, eyesight, mental state, sedation) tool was formulated and validated on the ward in which it was developed (phase 2a) and on two other wards at the same rehabilitation hospital (phase 2b). In phase 3, the tool was evaluated remotely. Patients discharged to a nursing or residential home placement were significantly more likely to have abnormal vision (P=0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.18-0.81), impaired cognitive function (P=0.012, 95% CI=0.19-0.81), gait abnormalities (P=0.01, 95% CI=0.18-0.79), and more likely to be taking tranquillizers (sedation) (P=0.0001, 95% CI=0.01-0.45). Over the three phases, the GEMS tool had a sensitivity of 61.4-88.1% and a specificity of 28.9-61.0%. A GEMS score of 2 or more is significantly associated with discharge to a residential or nursing home placement. This could be used to aid discharge planning and direct rehabilitation service provision.
The volume of active muscle and duration of extensor muscle force well-explain the associated met... more The volume of active muscle and duration of extensor muscle force well-explain the associated metabolic energy expenditure across body mass and speed during level-ground running and hopping. However, if these parameters fundamentally drive metabolic energy expenditure, then they should pertain to multiple modes of locomotion and provide a simple framework for relating biomechanics to metabolic energy expenditure in bouncing gaits. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of the ‘cost of generating force’ hypothesis to link biomechanics and metabolic energy expenditure during human running and hopping across step frequencies. We asked participants to run and hop at 0%, ±8% and ±15% of preferred step frequency. We calculated changes in active muscle volume, force duration, and metabolic energy expenditure. Overall, as step frequency increased, active muscle volume decreased due to postural changes via effective mechanical advantage (EMA) or duty factor. Accounting for changes in EMA and mu...
This article examines how Irish journalists depicted Mexico City as a suitable host for the 1968 ... more This article examines how Irish journalists depicted Mexico City as a suitable host for the 1968 Olympic Games. Mexican elites believed the event would attract foreign investment and tourists but faced an uphill battle as many European observers criticized the city as undeserving. Irish journalists often presented images of Mexico that were impacted by Ireland's own struggles of achieving sporting modernity and its sense of global importance as a white European nation. The image that emerged portrayed Mexico as rich in history and sporting infrastructure, but also mired in disorganization, superstition, and violence. These negative images may have propelled journalist and president of the Olympic Committee of Ireland, Lord Killanin, to the International Olympic Committee presidency.
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-bse-10.1177_0143624420974647 for Towards active buildings: Rating... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-bse-10.1177_0143624420974647 for Towards active buildings: Rating grid-servicing buildings by Daniel Fosas, Elli Nikolaidou, Matthew Roberts, Stephen Allen, Ian Walker and David Coley in Building Services Engineering Research & Technology
Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 2020
In most industrialized countries, the buildings sector is the largest contributor to energy consu... more In most industrialized countries, the buildings sector is the largest contributor to energy consumption and associated carbon emissions. These emissions can be reduced by a combination of energy efficiency and the use of building integrated renewables. Additionally, either singularly or as a group, buildings can provide energy network services by timing their use and production of energy. Such grid-aware or grid-responsive buildings have been termed Active Buildings. The recent UK Government investment of £36m in the Active Building Centre is a demonstration that such buildings are of considerable interest. One problem with the concept, however, is that there is no clear definition of Active Buildings, nor a building code to design or research against. Here we develop and test an initial novel code, called ABCode1. It is based on the need to encourage: (i) the minimisation of energy consumption; (ii) building-integrated generation; (iii) the provision of grid services; and (iv) the ...
In Escherichia coli high-level production of some heterologous proteins (specifically, human pror... more In Escherichia coli high-level production of some heterologous proteins (specifically, human prorenin, renin, and bovine insulin-like growth factor 2) resulted in the induction of two new E. coli heat shock proteins, both of which have molecular masses of 16 kDa and are tightly associated with inclusion bodies formed during heterologous protein production. We named these inclusion body-associated proteins IbpA and IbpB. The coding sequences for IbpA and IbpB were identified and isolated from the Kohara E. coli gene bank. The genes for these proteins (ibpA and ibpB) are located at 82.5 min on the chromosome. Nucleotide sequencing of the two genes revealed that they are transcribed in the same direction and are separated by 110 bp. Putative Shine-Dalgarno sequences are located upstream from the initiation codons of both genes. A putative heat shock promoter is located upstream from ibpA, and a putative transcription terminator is located downstream from ibpB. A temperature upshift exp...
The Tangguh Project in West Papua Province, Indonesia represents significant challenges in terms ... more The Tangguh Project in West Papua Province, Indonesia represents significant challenges in terms of drilling conditions, extreme remoteness, and social and environmental sensitivity. The Tangguh Drilling "Advanced Collaborative Environment" (ACE) was designed to enhance drilling performance and safety. Very positive results were achieved within the first months of the drilling operation. This paper describes the design approach, implementation and subsequent operational experience of the Tangguh Drilling ACE. A number of features of this ACE have since become exemplars for BP's drilling operations globally. The two-rig Tangguh development drilling campaign of 15 wells faced particularly difficult challenges with total losses, high vibration and the extreme remoteness of a location two timezones ahead of the office. To enhance drilling performance, an ACE was developed based on BP's global design principles covering people, process, technology, physical environment ...
This study describes a dominant low-seed-oil mutant (lo15571) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalian... more This study describes a dominant low-seed-oil mutant (lo15571) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) generated by enhancer tagging. Compositional analysis of developing siliques and mature seeds indicated reduced conversion of photoassimilates to oil. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased levels of At1g01050 protein in developing siliques of lo15571. At1g01050 encodes a soluble, cytosolic pyrophosphatase and is one of five closely related genes that share predicted cytosolic localization and at least 70% amino acid sequence identity. Expression of At1g01050 using a seed-preferred promoter recreated most features of the lo15571 seed phenotype, including low seed oil content and increased levels of transient starch and soluble sugars in developing siliques. Seed-preferred RNA interference-mediated silencing of At1g01050 and At3g53620, a second cytosolic pyrophosphatase gene that shows expression during seed filling, led to a heritable oil increase of 1% to 4%, mostly at the expense of...
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of four falls risk assessment tools (STRATIFY, Downton, ... more Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of four falls risk assessment tools (STRATIFY, Downton, Tullamore, and Tinetti) by using them simultaneously in the same environment.Design: Prospective, open, observational study.Setting: Two acute medical wards admitting predominantly older patients.Participants: One hundred thirty‐five patients, 86 female, mean age±standard deviation 83.8±8.01 (range 56–100).Measurements: A single clinician prospectively completed the four falls risk assessment tools. The extent of completion and time to complete each tool was recorded. Patients were followed until discharge, noting the occurrence of falls. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive accuracy, positive predictive accuracy, and total predictive accuracy were calculated.Results: The number of patients that the STRATIFY correctly identified (n=90) was significantly higher than the Downton (n=46; P<.001), Tullamore (n=66; P=.005), or Tinetti (n=52; P<.001) tools, but the STRATIFY h...
Discharge planning can be a lengthy process. Prediction of a patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;... more Discharge planning can be a lengthy process. Prediction of a patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s rehabilitation potential and likely discharge destination, early on in their admission, could be a useful guide for medics, therapists, patients and their carers. Reliable prediction could be used to improve efficiency of discharge planning. The aim of the present study was to identify factors linked to discharge to a residential or nursing home placement and to develop a tool to guide rehabilitation requirements. This was a three-phase prospective observational study with blinded end-point evaluation in two non-acute rehabilitation hospitals. The study recruited 1174 patients admitted for rehabilitation, over 65 years of age. Phase 1 evaluated 200 patients to identify factors predisposing to institutional discharge. The GEMS (gait, eyesight, mental state, sedation) tool was formulated and validated on the ward in which it was developed (phase 2a) and on two other wards at the same rehabilitation hospital (phase 2b). In phase 3, the tool was evaluated remotely. Patients discharged to a nursing or residential home placement were significantly more likely to have abnormal vision (P=0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.18-0.81), impaired cognitive function (P=0.012, 95% CI=0.19-0.81), gait abnormalities (P=0.01, 95% CI=0.18-0.79), and more likely to be taking tranquillizers (sedation) (P=0.0001, 95% CI=0.01-0.45). Over the three phases, the GEMS tool had a sensitivity of 61.4-88.1% and a specificity of 28.9-61.0%. A GEMS score of 2 or more is significantly associated with discharge to a residential or nursing home placement. This could be used to aid discharge planning and direct rehabilitation service provision.
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