Supplementary Material, Appendix_A for Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Mili... more Supplementary Material, Appendix_A for Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Militarization by Steve Carlton-Ford, Katherine A. Durante, T. David Evans and Ciera Graham in Armed Forces & Society
Which types of militarization affect child mortality? Which type appears to lower it; which appea... more Which types of militarization affect child mortality? Which type appears to lower it; which appears to push it higher? This article focuses on social militarization (i.e., troops as a proportion of workforce-aged population) and praetorian militarization (i.e., the military’s control or strong influence over the government), investigating their impact on child mortality using pooled time series analysis covering 142 countries from 1996 through 2008. We find that social and praetorian militarization have opposite effects even after controlling for potentially confounding influences. Access to basic public health infrastructures and education mediates between each type of militarization and child mortality.
Durkheim expected ritual in conjunction with collective effervescence to transform the psyches of... more Durkheim expected ritual in conjunction with collective effervescence to transform the psyches of individuals; Weber held similar expectations for charisma. Yet, little work examines the social-psychological effects of charisma and ritual. The present study remedies this oversight, examining the effects of charisma, ritual, collective effervescence, and other variables on self-esteem. Data are drawn from the Zablocki-Bradley-Aidala national sample of urban communes. This study includes 286 individuals from 44 groups. About half of these groups (including about half of the individuals) have a charismatic leader. The groups also have varying types and numbers of rituals. The results indicate that the existence of a charismatic leader significantly interacts with group rituals and group size in affecting group members’ self-esteem. Individual involvement in collective effervescence, and interpersonal power positively affect self-esteem regardless of charismatic leadership. The results are robust in the face of a variety of methodological controls.
“The Soldier, the State, and the People—Costs and Benefits of Military Regimes”: Evaluating the E... more “The Soldier, the State, and the People—Costs and Benefits of Military Regimes”: Evaluating the Essay “Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Militarization” raises several concerns about the theory and analyses in our article. We address what we see as the three most important: (1) the necessity of both qualitative and quantitative analyses in the study of militarization; (2) correlational versus causal analysis; and (3) the value of Huntington’s analysis of praetorian militarization. We have varying levels of agreement.
To evaluate the implementation of the Ohio Emergency and Acute Care Facility Opioids and Other Co... more To evaluate the implementation of the Ohio Emergency and Acute Care Facility Opioids and Other Controlled Substances Prescribing Guidelines and their perceived impact on local policies and practice. The study design was a cross-sectional survey of emergency department (ED) medical directors, or appropriate person identified by the hospital, perception of the impact of the Ohio ED Opioid Prescribing Guidelines on their departments practice. All hospitals with an ED in Ohio were contacted throughout October and November 2016. Distribution followed Dillman's Tailored Design Method, augmented with telephone recruitment. Hospital chief executive officers were contacted when necessary to encourage ED participation. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the impact of opioid prescribing policies on prescribing practices. A 92% response rate was obtained (150/163 EDs). In total, 112 (75%) of the respondents stated that their ED has an opioid prescribing policy, is adopting one or is...
ABSTRACT Purpose – This chapter examines the impact of armed conflict and three forms of militari... more ABSTRACT Purpose – This chapter examines the impact of armed conflict and three forms of militarization on child mortality rates cross-nationally. Previous theorizing argues that praetorian militaries create conditions particularly adverse to the well-being of civilians, but the effects of praetorian militarization are likely confounded both by economic and social militarization, and by armed conflict, economic development, and political regime.Methodology – This study conducts a cross-national panel study of the impact of armed conflict and militarization on civilian life chances using data from 175 countries with populations 200,000 or larger. Analyses employ a fixed-effects model, which controls for stable country characteristics; the analyses also control for time-varying characteristics of countries that influence the impact of armed conflict and militarization on life chances.Findings – Praetorian militarization appears to increase child mortality, as does social militarization (particularly during years of internationalized internal armed conflict), once stable country effects and other variables are controlled. This chapter is the first to systematically examine the impact of praetorian militarization on social development (indexed by child mortality rates).
Continuing a bond after a loved one's death is considered typical and healthy. However, such ... more Continuing a bond after a loved one's death is considered typical and healthy. However, such a bond can continue symbolically only if it existed in the first place. What of indirect grievers, those who never knew the decedent? The authors describe bonds between individuals who did not have a living relationship to begin with, a concept referred to as imagined bonds. Forty-nine adults, who had a sibling die that they never knew, were interviewed. This article describes the bonds constructed between participants and the sibling they never knew. The authors compare and contrast the concepts of continuing bonds versus imagined bonds.
Résumé/Abstract This study tests three alternative causal models of the relations among self-este... more Résumé/Abstract This study tests three alternative causal models of the relations among self-esteem, depressed mood and family processes in a longitudinal sample of adolescent girls (N= 193) from the United States. The authors find little support for a causal model based ...
ABSTRACT This paper presents a simple method, using OLS regression, for testing equality restrict... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a simple method, using OLS regression, for testing equality restrictions imposed on coefficients estimated in the same equation (ERLR-OLS). The equality restriction on any two coefficients (b1 and b2) for any two variables (X and W) can be estimated and tested in a stepwise regression equation. In testing equality restrictions, the sum of the two variables (S=X+W) and the difference between them (D=X-W) should be entered hierarchically. The coefficient for S (b4) in the first step estimates the restricted regression; the significance of the coefficient for the difference (p of b7) in the second step indicates whether the equality restriction significantly affects the fit of the model to the data. The approach outlined above yields results identical to those obtained using Rindskopf's (1984) Linear Equality Constraints, but is theoretically more interesting, allowing for models containing dyadic effects. Similarly, ERLR-OLS yields the same results obtained by estimating restricted OLS regressions using maximum likelihood procedures, but does not require these more sophisticated procedures. Unlike other treatments of this topic, emphasis is placed on the theoretical interpretations that can be placed on equality restrictions particularly when used with dyadic data.
Divergent perceptions (or “disagreements”) within the mother-daughter dyad and the association of... more Divergent perceptions (or “disagreements”) within the mother-daughter dyad and the association of such divergence with daughter's affective and behavioral well-being were examined in the current study. One hundred sixty-one mother-daughter dyads (daughters aged 14–18 years; mothers aged 37–59 years) completed paper- and-pencil measures assessing their perceptions of family cohesion and family conflict; daughters also rated their own depressive affect and
Supplementary Material, Appendix_A for Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Mili... more Supplementary Material, Appendix_A for Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Militarization by Steve Carlton-Ford, Katherine A. Durante, T. David Evans and Ciera Graham in Armed Forces & Society
Which types of militarization affect child mortality? Which type appears to lower it; which appea... more Which types of militarization affect child mortality? Which type appears to lower it; which appears to push it higher? This article focuses on social militarization (i.e., troops as a proportion of workforce-aged population) and praetorian militarization (i.e., the military’s control or strong influence over the government), investigating their impact on child mortality using pooled time series analysis covering 142 countries from 1996 through 2008. We find that social and praetorian militarization have opposite effects even after controlling for potentially confounding influences. Access to basic public health infrastructures and education mediates between each type of militarization and child mortality.
Durkheim expected ritual in conjunction with collective effervescence to transform the psyches of... more Durkheim expected ritual in conjunction with collective effervescence to transform the psyches of individuals; Weber held similar expectations for charisma. Yet, little work examines the social-psychological effects of charisma and ritual. The present study remedies this oversight, examining the effects of charisma, ritual, collective effervescence, and other variables on self-esteem. Data are drawn from the Zablocki-Bradley-Aidala national sample of urban communes. This study includes 286 individuals from 44 groups. About half of these groups (including about half of the individuals) have a charismatic leader. The groups also have varying types and numbers of rituals. The results indicate that the existence of a charismatic leader significantly interacts with group rituals and group size in affecting group members’ self-esteem. Individual involvement in collective effervescence, and interpersonal power positively affect self-esteem regardless of charismatic leadership. The results are robust in the face of a variety of methodological controls.
“The Soldier, the State, and the People—Costs and Benefits of Military Regimes”: Evaluating the E... more “The Soldier, the State, and the People—Costs and Benefits of Military Regimes”: Evaluating the Essay “Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Militarization” raises several concerns about the theory and analyses in our article. We address what we see as the three most important: (1) the necessity of both qualitative and quantitative analyses in the study of militarization; (2) correlational versus causal analysis; and (3) the value of Huntington’s analysis of praetorian militarization. We have varying levels of agreement.
To evaluate the implementation of the Ohio Emergency and Acute Care Facility Opioids and Other Co... more To evaluate the implementation of the Ohio Emergency and Acute Care Facility Opioids and Other Controlled Substances Prescribing Guidelines and their perceived impact on local policies and practice. The study design was a cross-sectional survey of emergency department (ED) medical directors, or appropriate person identified by the hospital, perception of the impact of the Ohio ED Opioid Prescribing Guidelines on their departments practice. All hospitals with an ED in Ohio were contacted throughout October and November 2016. Distribution followed Dillman's Tailored Design Method, augmented with telephone recruitment. Hospital chief executive officers were contacted when necessary to encourage ED participation. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the impact of opioid prescribing policies on prescribing practices. A 92% response rate was obtained (150/163 EDs). In total, 112 (75%) of the respondents stated that their ED has an opioid prescribing policy, is adopting one or is...
ABSTRACT Purpose – This chapter examines the impact of armed conflict and three forms of militari... more ABSTRACT Purpose – This chapter examines the impact of armed conflict and three forms of militarization on child mortality rates cross-nationally. Previous theorizing argues that praetorian militaries create conditions particularly adverse to the well-being of civilians, but the effects of praetorian militarization are likely confounded both by economic and social militarization, and by armed conflict, economic development, and political regime.Methodology – This study conducts a cross-national panel study of the impact of armed conflict and militarization on civilian life chances using data from 175 countries with populations 200,000 or larger. Analyses employ a fixed-effects model, which controls for stable country characteristics; the analyses also control for time-varying characteristics of countries that influence the impact of armed conflict and militarization on life chances.Findings – Praetorian militarization appears to increase child mortality, as does social militarization (particularly during years of internationalized internal armed conflict), once stable country effects and other variables are controlled. This chapter is the first to systematically examine the impact of praetorian militarization on social development (indexed by child mortality rates).
Continuing a bond after a loved one's death is considered typical and healthy. However, such ... more Continuing a bond after a loved one's death is considered typical and healthy. However, such a bond can continue symbolically only if it existed in the first place. What of indirect grievers, those who never knew the decedent? The authors describe bonds between individuals who did not have a living relationship to begin with, a concept referred to as imagined bonds. Forty-nine adults, who had a sibling die that they never knew, were interviewed. This article describes the bonds constructed between participants and the sibling they never knew. The authors compare and contrast the concepts of continuing bonds versus imagined bonds.
Résumé/Abstract This study tests three alternative causal models of the relations among self-este... more Résumé/Abstract This study tests three alternative causal models of the relations among self-esteem, depressed mood and family processes in a longitudinal sample of adolescent girls (N= 193) from the United States. The authors find little support for a causal model based ...
ABSTRACT This paper presents a simple method, using OLS regression, for testing equality restrict... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a simple method, using OLS regression, for testing equality restrictions imposed on coefficients estimated in the same equation (ERLR-OLS). The equality restriction on any two coefficients (b1 and b2) for any two variables (X and W) can be estimated and tested in a stepwise regression equation. In testing equality restrictions, the sum of the two variables (S=X+W) and the difference between them (D=X-W) should be entered hierarchically. The coefficient for S (b4) in the first step estimates the restricted regression; the significance of the coefficient for the difference (p of b7) in the second step indicates whether the equality restriction significantly affects the fit of the model to the data. The approach outlined above yields results identical to those obtained using Rindskopf's (1984) Linear Equality Constraints, but is theoretically more interesting, allowing for models containing dyadic effects. Similarly, ERLR-OLS yields the same results obtained by estimating restricted OLS regressions using maximum likelihood procedures, but does not require these more sophisticated procedures. Unlike other treatments of this topic, emphasis is placed on the theoretical interpretations that can be placed on equality restrictions particularly when used with dyadic data.
Divergent perceptions (or “disagreements”) within the mother-daughter dyad and the association of... more Divergent perceptions (or “disagreements”) within the mother-daughter dyad and the association of such divergence with daughter's affective and behavioral well-being were examined in the current study. One hundred sixty-one mother-daughter dyads (daughters aged 14–18 years; mothers aged 37–59 years) completed paper- and-pencil measures assessing their perceptions of family cohesion and family conflict; daughters also rated their own depressive affect and
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Papers by Steve Carlton-Ford