In the current investigation, superheated steam activated green coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) bi... more In the current investigation, superheated steam activated green coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) biochar (PAGCSB) has been used in sorptive expulsion of the pharmaceutical micro‐pollutant enrofloxacin (ENX) from water. Through a number of progressive studies in batch sorption process, the influence of some crucial parameters are evaluated toward efficacious remediation of ENX laden aqueous media by PAGCSB. The parameters studied are: contact time (5–20 h); mixing intensity (100–190 rpm); pH (1–9); initial ENX concentration (5–35 mg/L); temperature (15–40°C); and biosorbent dosage (2–5 g/L). The maximum ENX removal is 91.92% by using ENX initial concentration 20 mg/L; pH 7; temperature 30°C; biosorbent dose 4 g/L; stirring speed 150 rpm; and contact period 16 h. The repeated usability of spent biochar has been assessed and found to be 69.91% even after the fifth cycle. The pseudo‐second order kinetic model provided the best fit to the kinetic data. The Langmuir model showed the finest ...
Continuous discharge of ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound in local water systems is becoming a... more Continuous discharge of ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound in local water systems is becoming a budding concern as seen from data procured from the past few decades. Increased concentrations of the compound in water reservoirs resulted in adverse effects on the environment. In order to prevent the deleterious impacts of increasing ibuprofen concentration in water bodies, application of cost effective and energy efficient elimination of ibuprofen (IBP) is needed. As a result, various techniques over time have been tested for IBP expulsion from aqueous media. However, adsorption and bioremediation are still the most realistic approaches to remove ibuprofen than conventional methods, like precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, nano-filtration etc., because of their lower initial cost, reduced electricity consumption, minimized sludge generation, local availability of precursor material etc. Various researchers have reported the applicability of the adsorption and bioremediation process in remediation of ibuprofen from water. Therefore, the present review article confers both the biosorption and bioremediation process towards IBP removal from water bodies and explicates the performances of various adsorbents and microorganisms derived from various sources. The presented review also substantially emphasizes on the effect of different parameters on sorptive uptake of ibuprofen, various isotherms and kinetic models, sorption mechanism and assessment of costs, which could enable future researchers to determine widespread use of reported adsorbents and microbes towards effective elimination of IBP from aqueous media.
Abstract The presented work assesses the sorptive efficacy of acid and base activated biochar eng... more Abstract The presented work assesses the sorptive efficacy of acid and base activated biochar engineered from bio-waste tropical almond shells for eradicating Ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous media. Adsorbents were characterized by proximate, FTIR and SEM analyses. Impact of various parameters like IBP concentration, pH, agitation speed, sorbent dose, interaction time and temperature on sorptive expulsion were studied using experiments focussed on elucidating optimal conditions. Batch sorption and optimization studies using central composite design revealed that highest IBP removal of 92.46 % and 92.8 % respectively using TABAB were attainable with a 15 mg/L initial IBP solution containing 3.33 g/L adsorbent dose at pH 2 under 35 °C within 6 h at 150 rpm. Performance of IBP sorptive removal was verified by linearized and non-linearized approaches on kinetic and isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit with maximum adsorption capacities of 2.794 mg/g and 8.77 mg/g under acid activation for linear and non-linear analyses respectively while noted adsorption capacities under base activation were 2.914 mg/g and 9.52 mg/g for linear and non-linear analyses respectively. A pseudo second order kinetic model best fits the findings from both analyses. Thermodynamic studies suggested a randomness with exothermic nature of the viable removal process. With both biochar showing effective reusability for 4–5 cycles, estimated preparation costs were an approximated 0.24 INR for treating 1 L of solution with optimal IBP concentration. Consequently, modified adsorbents obtained from tropical almond shell char can be used as cost-effective adsorbents for IBP removal.
In the current investigation, superheated steam activated green coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) bi... more In the current investigation, superheated steam activated green coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) biochar (PAGCSB) has been used in sorptive expulsion of the pharmaceutical micro‐pollutant enrofloxacin (ENX) from water. Through a number of progressive studies in batch sorption process, the influence of some crucial parameters are evaluated toward efficacious remediation of ENX laden aqueous media by PAGCSB. The parameters studied are: contact time (5–20 h); mixing intensity (100–190 rpm); pH (1–9); initial ENX concentration (5–35 mg/L); temperature (15–40°C); and biosorbent dosage (2–5 g/L). The maximum ENX removal is 91.92% by using ENX initial concentration 20 mg/L; pH 7; temperature 30°C; biosorbent dose 4 g/L; stirring speed 150 rpm; and contact period 16 h. The repeated usability of spent biochar has been assessed and found to be 69.91% even after the fifth cycle. The pseudo‐second order kinetic model provided the best fit to the kinetic data. The Langmuir model showed the finest ...
Continuous discharge of ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound in local water systems is becoming a... more Continuous discharge of ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound in local water systems is becoming a budding concern as seen from data procured from the past few decades. Increased concentrations of the compound in water reservoirs resulted in adverse effects on the environment. In order to prevent the deleterious impacts of increasing ibuprofen concentration in water bodies, application of cost effective and energy efficient elimination of ibuprofen (IBP) is needed. As a result, various techniques over time have been tested for IBP expulsion from aqueous media. However, adsorption and bioremediation are still the most realistic approaches to remove ibuprofen than conventional methods, like precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, nano-filtration etc., because of their lower initial cost, reduced electricity consumption, minimized sludge generation, local availability of precursor material etc. Various researchers have reported the applicability of the adsorption and bioremediation process in remediation of ibuprofen from water. Therefore, the present review article confers both the biosorption and bioremediation process towards IBP removal from water bodies and explicates the performances of various adsorbents and microorganisms derived from various sources. The presented review also substantially emphasizes on the effect of different parameters on sorptive uptake of ibuprofen, various isotherms and kinetic models, sorption mechanism and assessment of costs, which could enable future researchers to determine widespread use of reported adsorbents and microbes towards effective elimination of IBP from aqueous media.
Abstract The presented work assesses the sorptive efficacy of acid and base activated biochar eng... more Abstract The presented work assesses the sorptive efficacy of acid and base activated biochar engineered from bio-waste tropical almond shells for eradicating Ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous media. Adsorbents were characterized by proximate, FTIR and SEM analyses. Impact of various parameters like IBP concentration, pH, agitation speed, sorbent dose, interaction time and temperature on sorptive expulsion were studied using experiments focussed on elucidating optimal conditions. Batch sorption and optimization studies using central composite design revealed that highest IBP removal of 92.46 % and 92.8 % respectively using TABAB were attainable with a 15 mg/L initial IBP solution containing 3.33 g/L adsorbent dose at pH 2 under 35 °C within 6 h at 150 rpm. Performance of IBP sorptive removal was verified by linearized and non-linearized approaches on kinetic and isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit with maximum adsorption capacities of 2.794 mg/g and 8.77 mg/g under acid activation for linear and non-linear analyses respectively while noted adsorption capacities under base activation were 2.914 mg/g and 9.52 mg/g for linear and non-linear analyses respectively. A pseudo second order kinetic model best fits the findings from both analyses. Thermodynamic studies suggested a randomness with exothermic nature of the viable removal process. With both biochar showing effective reusability for 4–5 cycles, estimated preparation costs were an approximated 0.24 INR for treating 1 L of solution with optimal IBP concentration. Consequently, modified adsorbents obtained from tropical almond shell char can be used as cost-effective adsorbents for IBP removal.
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