Background : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) often manifest together leadin... more Background : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) often manifest together leading to complications at various levels. Methods : In this prospective study, we determined the incidence of TB among 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the Capital Hospital of Bhubaneswar. Various socio-demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, literacy status, locality, habits, etc. and clinical profile were assessed. Results : Out of 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, only 13 were having active TB disease, the incidence being 1.08%. Further, 12 were having pulmonary TB. More males with advancing age and sedentary life style were having Diabetes. About 23% of patients had familial history, high BMI levels, hypertension, high FBG levels, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. 30% of T2DM patients were having metabolic syndrome. In our study, age, literacy status, occupation, life style, familial history, habits and stress appeared to be significant risk factors among patients with diabetes. The HbA1C levels were higher among 51% of the diabetes patients. It was observed that while 84% of the patients were taking oral hypoglycemic drugs only 8% were taking Insulin injections. These patients were addicted to either smoking, drinking alcohol and/or chewing tobacco / gutka. The HbA1C levels were higher among 69% of the DM-TB patients indicating poorer glycemic control which is a proven risk factor for TBDM co-morbidity. Conclusions : Screening for DM in TB patients could improve case detection of diabetes and early treatment, which in turn will lead to better TB-specific treatment outcomes and prevention of diabetes related complications.
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with the most c... more The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with the most contagious variants, alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) has continuously added a higher number of morbidity and mortality, globally. The present integrated bioinformatics–cheminformatics approach was employed to locate potent antiviral marine alkaloids that could be used against SARS‐CoV‐2. Initially, 57 antiviral marine alkaloids and two repurposing drugs were selected from an extensive literature review. Then, the putative target enzyme SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (SARS‐CoV‐2‐Mpro) was retrieved from the protein data bank and carried out a virtual screening‐cum‐molecular docking study with all candidates using PyRx 0.8 and AutoDock 4.2 software. Further, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the two most potential alkaloids and a drug docking complex at 100 ns (with two ligand topology files from PRODRG and ATB server, separately), the molecular...
The present study emphasizes the usefulness of incorporating goat's milk in the diet of HIV p... more The present study emphasizes the usefulness of incorporating goat's milk in the diet of HIV positive patients since high contents of selenium directly interfere with replication of viruses. CD4+ cell count were measured and correlated with changes in immune health. Levels of CD4 cells were significantly low in HIV-positive cases and the ratio inverted in comparison to healthy controls (P<0.001) after feeding of goat milk. Following goat milk intake, there is slight rise in the numbers of CD4 cells for a period of 3 months, thus indicating that immune system is strengthened.
Presence of antibodies in human sera reacting with chloroquine (CQ) was demonstrated from a malar... more Presence of antibodies in human sera reacting with chloroquine (CQ) was demonstrated from a malaria endemic belt. The study groups consisted of 53 healthy volunteers, receiving regular chloroquine prophylaxis [2 tablets of CQ (150 mg)/wk, single dose], 105 individuals with a history of frequent CQ intake for any febrile attack and 95 individuals from a non-endemic area who had neither a history of malaria nor of previous consumption of CQ. Sixty six per cent individuals taking regular prophylactic chloroquine and about ten per cent of those with a history of taking frequent chloroquine due to febrile illness in the malaria endemic area showed antibodies reacting to chloroquine. However, antichloroquine antibodies were either insignificant or nondetectable in serum samples collected from persons without any history of chloroquine intake. The results indicate a possible interaction of CQ in vivo.
Background : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) often manifest together leadin... more Background : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) often manifest together leading to complications at various levels. Methods : In this prospective study, we determined the incidence of TB among 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the Capital Hospital of Bhubaneswar. Various socio-demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, literacy status, locality, habits, etc. and clinical profile were assessed. Results : Out of 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, only 13 were having active TB disease, the incidence being 1.08%. Further, 12 were having pulmonary TB. More males with advancing age and sedentary life style were having Diabetes. About 23% of patients had familial history, high BMI levels, hypertension, high FBG levels, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. 30% of T2DM patients were having metabolic syndrome. In our study, age, literacy status, occupation, life style, familial history, habits and stress appeared to be significant risk factors among patients with diabetes. The HbA1C levels were higher among 51% of the diabetes patients. It was observed that while 84% of the patients were taking oral hypoglycemic drugs only 8% were taking Insulin injections. These patients were addicted to either smoking, drinking alcohol and/or chewing tobacco / gutka. The HbA1C levels were higher among 69% of the DM-TB patients indicating poorer glycemic control which is a proven risk factor for TBDM co-morbidity. Conclusions : Screening for DM in TB patients could improve case detection of diabetes and early treatment, which in turn will lead to better TB-specific treatment outcomes and prevention of diabetes related complications.
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with the most c... more The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with the most contagious variants, alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) has continuously added a higher number of morbidity and mortality, globally. The present integrated bioinformatics–cheminformatics approach was employed to locate potent antiviral marine alkaloids that could be used against SARS‐CoV‐2. Initially, 57 antiviral marine alkaloids and two repurposing drugs were selected from an extensive literature review. Then, the putative target enzyme SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (SARS‐CoV‐2‐Mpro) was retrieved from the protein data bank and carried out a virtual screening‐cum‐molecular docking study with all candidates using PyRx 0.8 and AutoDock 4.2 software. Further, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the two most potential alkaloids and a drug docking complex at 100 ns (with two ligand topology files from PRODRG and ATB server, separately), the molecular...
The present study emphasizes the usefulness of incorporating goat's milk in the diet of HIV p... more The present study emphasizes the usefulness of incorporating goat's milk in the diet of HIV positive patients since high contents of selenium directly interfere with replication of viruses. CD4+ cell count were measured and correlated with changes in immune health. Levels of CD4 cells were significantly low in HIV-positive cases and the ratio inverted in comparison to healthy controls (P<0.001) after feeding of goat milk. Following goat milk intake, there is slight rise in the numbers of CD4 cells for a period of 3 months, thus indicating that immune system is strengthened.
Presence of antibodies in human sera reacting with chloroquine (CQ) was demonstrated from a malar... more Presence of antibodies in human sera reacting with chloroquine (CQ) was demonstrated from a malaria endemic belt. The study groups consisted of 53 healthy volunteers, receiving regular chloroquine prophylaxis [2 tablets of CQ (150 mg)/wk, single dose], 105 individuals with a history of frequent CQ intake for any febrile attack and 95 individuals from a non-endemic area who had neither a history of malaria nor of previous consumption of CQ. Sixty six per cent individuals taking regular prophylactic chloroquine and about ten per cent of those with a history of taking frequent chloroquine due to febrile illness in the malaria endemic area showed antibodies reacting to chloroquine. However, antichloroquine antibodies were either insignificant or nondetectable in serum samples collected from persons without any history of chloroquine intake. The results indicate a possible interaction of CQ in vivo.
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