ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameter... more ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, concentration of assimilatory pigments, and content of mineral nutrients) by means of which we assessed the health state of spruce advanced regeneration in area of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts. We focussed on determining the cause of assimilatory organs' yellowing and of different response of advanced regeneration stands growing in equal site conditions. The research is a part of an extensive project whose role is to gather sufficient amount of information necessary for analysis of spruce dieback at level of individual trees, forest stands and whole large-sized areas. The subsequent synthesis of this information facilitates understanding of the dieback mechanism, and will finally serve for proposing more suitable models and management rules for endangered forests in NW and N Slovakia.
ABSTRACT Dieback of spruce stands was studied in the regions Kysuce and Spiš (Slovakia). Possible... more ABSTRACT Dieback of spruce stands was studied in the regions Kysuce and Spiš (Slovakia). Possible causes of spruce decline were analysed through observations of the following characteristics: genetic background, provenience, influence of root system, physiological processes (photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, content of pigments), water stress, climatic conditions, soil condition, immission load, diameter increment, defoliation, and influence of fungal pathogens and insects. Our research results do not allow identifying a single primary cause of spruce decline. Separate factors act in concert, and it is not possible to rank them according to their significance. In general, however, there is an evident strong influence of biotic pests, wind, exhausted soil and impaired physiological fitness since young trees. A special interest was put on monitoring possible influence of drought stress. Across the whole research period we have not recorded noticeable drops in amounts of soil water accessible for plants. Nevertheless, we suppose that importance of this factor will grade, especially in areas relatively rich in precipitation.
undersigned at the UN Conference on the Environment in Rio de Janeiro. It was an expression of th... more undersigned at the UN Conference on the Environment in Rio de Janeiro. It was an expression of the long-term activities of WMO, UNEP, UNESCO, FAO and other international organizations pointing out the possible changes of the climate system due to an increasing concentration of greenhouse gases and following intensification of greenhouse effect. The issues of possible impacts of climate change touch practically all nature and socio-economic spheres. This fact has found its expression also in activities in the scope of forestry by adopting
The forests in Slovakia are managed according to the forest management plans. The limits for cutt... more The forests in Slovakia are managed according to the forest management plans. The limits for cuttings are prescribed according to the rules of sustainable forest management. Thus, the produced timber becomes the sustainable natural resource. The purpose of wood use has implications for the carbon balance. Wood products for long term use represent a carbon pool from which carbon is released according to decay of products. The method for calculation and results of carbon balance of harvested wood products in Slovakia are provided in this paper. According to the results, the total amount of carbon stored in the harvested wood products in Slovakia have had an increasing trend in the last years and reached almost 15 Tg. The calculation follows the methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol.
Precipitation amount and related water supplies in soil have been still a decisive ecological and... more Precipitation amount and related water supplies in soil have been still a decisive ecological and physiological factor affecting the existence and production of forest ecosystems. Lack of water in soil, especially during vegetation period reflects negatively in the state of whole forest ecosystem as well as in individual trees, particularly in weakening their physiological activity. Trees have been affected by extreme fluctuations of weather as a result of significant global climatic changes. The contribution summarizes knowledge on the dynamics of diameter growth, phenology and litterfall of tree species on permanent monitoring plot Čifáre, during the different vegetation period.
We examine the current status of greenhouse gas inventories of the sector Land Use, Land-Use Chan... more We examine the current status of greenhouse gas inventories of the sector Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), in European countries, with specific focus on the utilization of National Forest Inventory (NFI) programs. LULUCF inventory is an integral part of the reporting obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. The analysis is based on two questionnaires prepared by the COST Action E43 “Harmonisation of National Forest Inventories in Europe”, which were answered by greenhouse gas reporting experts in European countries. The following major conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: 1) definitions used to obtain carbon pool change estimates vary widely among countries and are not directly comparable 2) NFIs play a key role for LULUCF greenhouse gas estimation and reporting under UNFCCC, and provide the fundamental data needed for the estimation of carbon stock changes covering not only living biomass, bu...
Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into f... more Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into fruit production during mast years. However, there is a large knowledge gap concerning species-specific differences in resource dynamics. We investigated the influence of mast years on stem growth, leaf production, and leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and contents in Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, and Q. robur at continental and climate region scales using long-term data from the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) and similar datasets. We discussed the results in the light of opposing resource dynamics hypotheses: (i) resource accumulation before mast years and exhaustion after mast years (resource storage hypothesis), (ii) shifting resources from vegetative to generative compartments (resource switching hypothesis), and (iii) investing resources concurrently in both vegetat...
Priwitzer, t., Čaboun, V. 2013. Ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ... more Priwitzer, t., Čaboun, V. 2013. Ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in highproductive mixed forests of the Poľana Mts in Central Slovakia. Folia oecol., 40: 243–250. This paper presents the results of ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in highproductive mixed forests of the Slovak Poľana Mountain. This research was performed in the research and demonstration object Poľana Hukavský grúň. The radiation, temperature and humidity regimes, as well as daily dynamic of photosynthetic activity and electric resistance of cambial tissue are presented within the whole beech crown profile. The impact of meteorological conditions on selected physiological processes was studied. The results confirmed close correlation between a diameter of trees d1,3 and biofield, as well as between a biofield and cambial tissue’s electric resistance. The considerable differences in CO2 uptake within individual beech crown layers were determined.
Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was invest... more Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was investigated in this study. A group of six beech trees was irrigated during the growing season 2012, while the second group of non-irrigated (control) beech trees was treated under natural soil drought. During the experiment, we observed more than 45-day long period when no precipitation fell on the soil surface. The relationship of P N (CO 2 assimilation rate) to g S (stomatal conductance) was very tight in both groups, which indicates that stomatal opening was the main factor limiting P N . The statistically significant differences in g S between the groups of trees were revealed only on the last measuring day. The significant differences in P N were confirmed on the days when the differences in soil water potential ( Ψ S ) appeared. On these measurement days, the P N values of irrigated individuals were approximately 1.9 or 3.3 times greater than the values of non-irrigated individuals. At ...
The paper predicts development of forests in Slovakia from the perspective of carbon sequestratio... more The paper predicts development of forests in Slovakia from the perspective of carbon sequestration. Projection is based on actual trends of changes in forest area, age structure and tree species composition of forest stands managed according to forest management plans. Carbon balance in living biomass has been simulated until 2050 under two harvesting scenarios (based on planned and realized harvesting rates in reference period 2014–2019) with four possible combinations of fixed or changing tree species composition and size of forest area. Input data were stratified by tree species and 10-years wide age classes. A model simulating forest growth using yield tables and harvesting rates was developed and applied for prediction. Results indicate that the scenario based on realized harvesting would lead to a higher level of CO2 removals from atmosphere by living biomass in Slovak forests for the whole simulated period, despite their decrease from the current level ~ −4,000 kt CO2 to ~ −2...
ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameter... more ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, concentration of assimilatory pigments, and content of mineral nutrients) by means of which we assessed the health state of spruce advanced regeneration in area of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts. We focussed on determining the cause of assimilatory organs' yellowing and of different response of advanced regeneration stands growing in equal site conditions. The research is a part of an extensive project whose role is to gather sufficient amount of information necessary for analysis of spruce dieback at level of individual trees, forest stands and whole large-sized areas. The subsequent synthesis of this information facilitates understanding of the dieback mechanism, and will finally serve for proposing more suitable models and management rules for endangered forests in NW and N Slovakia.
ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameter... more ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, concentration of assimilatory pigments, and content of mineral nutrients) by means of which we assessed the health state of spruce advanced regeneration in area of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts. We focussed on determining the cause of assimilatory organs' yellowing and of different response of advanced regeneration stands growing in equal site conditions. The research is a part of an extensive project whose role is to gather sufficient amount of information necessary for analysis of spruce dieback at level of individual trees, forest stands and whole large-sized areas. The subsequent synthesis of this information facilitates understanding of the dieback mechanism, and will finally serve for proposing more suitable models and management rules for endangered forests in NW and N Slovakia.
ABSTRACT Dieback of spruce stands was studied in the regions Kysuce and Spiš (Slovakia). Possible... more ABSTRACT Dieback of spruce stands was studied in the regions Kysuce and Spiš (Slovakia). Possible causes of spruce decline were analysed through observations of the following characteristics: genetic background, provenience, influence of root system, physiological processes (photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, content of pigments), water stress, climatic conditions, soil condition, immission load, diameter increment, defoliation, and influence of fungal pathogens and insects. Our research results do not allow identifying a single primary cause of spruce decline. Separate factors act in concert, and it is not possible to rank them according to their significance. In general, however, there is an evident strong influence of biotic pests, wind, exhausted soil and impaired physiological fitness since young trees. A special interest was put on monitoring possible influence of drought stress. Across the whole research period we have not recorded noticeable drops in amounts of soil water accessible for plants. Nevertheless, we suppose that importance of this factor will grade, especially in areas relatively rich in precipitation.
undersigned at the UN Conference on the Environment in Rio de Janeiro. It was an expression of th... more undersigned at the UN Conference on the Environment in Rio de Janeiro. It was an expression of the long-term activities of WMO, UNEP, UNESCO, FAO and other international organizations pointing out the possible changes of the climate system due to an increasing concentration of greenhouse gases and following intensification of greenhouse effect. The issues of possible impacts of climate change touch practically all nature and socio-economic spheres. This fact has found its expression also in activities in the scope of forestry by adopting
The forests in Slovakia are managed according to the forest management plans. The limits for cutt... more The forests in Slovakia are managed according to the forest management plans. The limits for cuttings are prescribed according to the rules of sustainable forest management. Thus, the produced timber becomes the sustainable natural resource. The purpose of wood use has implications for the carbon balance. Wood products for long term use represent a carbon pool from which carbon is released according to decay of products. The method for calculation and results of carbon balance of harvested wood products in Slovakia are provided in this paper. According to the results, the total amount of carbon stored in the harvested wood products in Slovakia have had an increasing trend in the last years and reached almost 15 Tg. The calculation follows the methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol.
Precipitation amount and related water supplies in soil have been still a decisive ecological and... more Precipitation amount and related water supplies in soil have been still a decisive ecological and physiological factor affecting the existence and production of forest ecosystems. Lack of water in soil, especially during vegetation period reflects negatively in the state of whole forest ecosystem as well as in individual trees, particularly in weakening their physiological activity. Trees have been affected by extreme fluctuations of weather as a result of significant global climatic changes. The contribution summarizes knowledge on the dynamics of diameter growth, phenology and litterfall of tree species on permanent monitoring plot Čifáre, during the different vegetation period.
We examine the current status of greenhouse gas inventories of the sector Land Use, Land-Use Chan... more We examine the current status of greenhouse gas inventories of the sector Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), in European countries, with specific focus on the utilization of National Forest Inventory (NFI) programs. LULUCF inventory is an integral part of the reporting obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. The analysis is based on two questionnaires prepared by the COST Action E43 “Harmonisation of National Forest Inventories in Europe”, which were answered by greenhouse gas reporting experts in European countries. The following major conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: 1) definitions used to obtain carbon pool change estimates vary widely among countries and are not directly comparable 2) NFIs play a key role for LULUCF greenhouse gas estimation and reporting under UNFCCC, and provide the fundamental data needed for the estimation of carbon stock changes covering not only living biomass, bu...
Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into f... more Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into fruit production during mast years. However, there is a large knowledge gap concerning species-specific differences in resource dynamics. We investigated the influence of mast years on stem growth, leaf production, and leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and contents in Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, and Q. robur at continental and climate region scales using long-term data from the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) and similar datasets. We discussed the results in the light of opposing resource dynamics hypotheses: (i) resource accumulation before mast years and exhaustion after mast years (resource storage hypothesis), (ii) shifting resources from vegetative to generative compartments (resource switching hypothesis), and (iii) investing resources concurrently in both vegetat...
Priwitzer, t., Čaboun, V. 2013. Ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ... more Priwitzer, t., Čaboun, V. 2013. Ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in highproductive mixed forests of the Poľana Mts in Central Slovakia. Folia oecol., 40: 243–250. This paper presents the results of ecophysiological research of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in highproductive mixed forests of the Slovak Poľana Mountain. This research was performed in the research and demonstration object Poľana Hukavský grúň. The radiation, temperature and humidity regimes, as well as daily dynamic of photosynthetic activity and electric resistance of cambial tissue are presented within the whole beech crown profile. The impact of meteorological conditions on selected physiological processes was studied. The results confirmed close correlation between a diameter of trees d1,3 and biofield, as well as between a biofield and cambial tissue’s electric resistance. The considerable differences in CO2 uptake within individual beech crown layers were determined.
Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was invest... more Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was investigated in this study. A group of six beech trees was irrigated during the growing season 2012, while the second group of non-irrigated (control) beech trees was treated under natural soil drought. During the experiment, we observed more than 45-day long period when no precipitation fell on the soil surface. The relationship of P N (CO 2 assimilation rate) to g S (stomatal conductance) was very tight in both groups, which indicates that stomatal opening was the main factor limiting P N . The statistically significant differences in g S between the groups of trees were revealed only on the last measuring day. The significant differences in P N were confirmed on the days when the differences in soil water potential ( Ψ S ) appeared. On these measurement days, the P N values of irrigated individuals were approximately 1.9 or 3.3 times greater than the values of non-irrigated individuals. At ...
The paper predicts development of forests in Slovakia from the perspective of carbon sequestratio... more The paper predicts development of forests in Slovakia from the perspective of carbon sequestration. Projection is based on actual trends of changes in forest area, age structure and tree species composition of forest stands managed according to forest management plans. Carbon balance in living biomass has been simulated until 2050 under two harvesting scenarios (based on planned and realized harvesting rates in reference period 2014–2019) with four possible combinations of fixed or changing tree species composition and size of forest area. Input data were stratified by tree species and 10-years wide age classes. A model simulating forest growth using yield tables and harvesting rates was developed and applied for prediction. Results indicate that the scenario based on realized harvesting would lead to a higher level of CO2 removals from atmosphere by living biomass in Slovak forests for the whole simulated period, despite their decrease from the current level ~ −4,000 kt CO2 to ~ −2...
ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameter... more ABSTRACT In this contribution we present some results of ecophysiological measurements (parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, concentration of assimilatory pigments, and content of mineral nutrients) by means of which we assessed the health state of spruce advanced regeneration in area of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts. We focussed on determining the cause of assimilatory organs' yellowing and of different response of advanced regeneration stands growing in equal site conditions. The research is a part of an extensive project whose role is to gather sufficient amount of information necessary for analysis of spruce dieback at level of individual trees, forest stands and whole large-sized areas. The subsequent synthesis of this information facilitates understanding of the dieback mechanism, and will finally serve for proposing more suitable models and management rules for endangered forests in NW and N Slovakia.
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Papers by Tibor Priwitzer