The present paper is basically concerned with pesticide residues. Production problems, assortment... more The present paper is basically concerned with pesticide residues. Production problems, assortment of pesticides, and trade legislation are, however, so closely interrelated with the problem of residues that it is deemed necessary to give short, essential information on subjects relevant to the main topic.
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA) have recently broug... more Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA) have recently brought a significant attention in view of application as high-density non-volatile Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) due to their possible low critical current density, good thermal stability and downscalable junction size [1]. As the PMA can be affected by the MTJ layer structure, these properties can also be modified significantly, creating an opportunity for further improvement of the magnetic memory technology based on MTJs.
Silicon strip detectors represent a new class of one-dimensional position-sensitive single photon... more Silicon strip detectors represent a new class of one-dimensional position-sensitive single photon counting devices. They allow a reduction of measurement time at the powder diffractometers by a factor up to 100 compared to instruments with a single counter, while maintaining comparable count statistics. Present work describes a 128-channel detector working with a standard diffractometer. The detector is 12.8 mm long and covers the angular range of 3.2 deg. We discuss the diffraction geometry in real and reciprocal space, the FWHM of diffraction peaks, and the background level. Measurements were made on standard samples and on complex samples of industrial importance (e. g., portland clinker). Applications of the detector to diffraction measurements of single crystals and thin films are discussed briefly.
ABSTRACTThe Ar-ion-beam-mixing of the FeZr multilayer system is studied by conversion electron Md... more ABSTRACTThe Ar-ion-beam-mixing of the FeZr multilayer system is studied by conversion electron Mdssbauer spectroscopy. The dependence of the amorphization process on the layer thickness and ion dose is studied in detail for samples with Fe to Zr ratio of 1 and 0.5 and modulation wavelength of 5 to 90 nm.
The oscillatory coupling, GMR and field sensitivity (S) on the glass deposited Ni83Fe17/Cu multil... more The oscillatory coupling, GMR and field sensitivity (S) on the glass deposited Ni83Fe17/Cu multilayers (Mls) as a function of the Cu spacer are discussed. The oscillation period is 1 nm and the maximum of S = 0.13 [%/Oe] was obtained for Mls with dPy = 1.8 nm and dCu = 2 nm. Low temperature destroys A—F coupling due to the
Amorphous Fe1–x(B, Zr)x and Co1-x(B, M.o)x films are prepared by the rf sputtering technique over... more Amorphous Fe1–x(B, Zr)x and Co1-x(B, M.o)x films are prepared by the rf sputtering technique over a wide range of concentration where the alloys show ferromagnetism. From the magnetization and mean hyperfine field values at low temperatures the magnetic moment of Fe(μFe) is determined. Using a rigid-band model the charge transfer per s and Zr atom to the Fe d-band is calculated. The best fits are obtained for a charge transfer of 1.48 electrons per s atom and of 1.8 electrons per Zr atom, yielding the observed critical concentrations at which ferromagnetism disappears: xc = 0.6 and Xc = 0.5 for FeB and FeZr films, respectively. From spontaneous Hall effect and resistivity (ϱ) measurements it is obtained thatRs ∼ ϱn in a wide range of concentrations with an exponent n = 1.97. The side jump parameter (Δy) calculated from the free-electron Berger formula decreases with increasing concentration of non-magnetic elements of the alloy. This tendency is similar as in the case of magnetic moment. The observed correlation between Δy and μFe shows that both parameters are of the same origin. Mit der HF-Sputtertechnik werden amorphe Fe1_x(B, Zr)x- und Co1–x(B, Mo)x-Schichten uiber einen grosen Konzentrationsbereich, in dem sie Ferromagnetismus zeigen, hergestellt. Aus den Wer-ten der Magnetisierung und des mittleren Hyperfeinfeldes bei tiefen Temperaturen wird das magne-tische Moment von Fe(μFe) bestimmt. Mit einem Modell starrer Bander wird der Ladungstransfer der B- und Zr-Atome zum Fe-d-Band berechnet. Die beste Anpassung wird fur einen Ladungstransfer von 1,48 Elektronen pro B-Atom und von 1,8 Elektronen pro Zr-Atom erhalten und fuhrt zu den beobachteten kritischen Konzentrationen bei denen der Ferromagnetismus verschwindet: xc = 0,6 und xc = 0,5 fur FeB- bzw. FeZr-Schichten. Aus dem spontanen Hall-Effekt und den Widerstands(ϱ)-Messungen wird gefunden, das Rs ∼ ϱn in einem weiten Konzentrationsbereich mit einem Exponenten n = 1,97 gilt. Der aus der Berger-Formel fur freie Elektronen berechnete Sprungparameter (Δy) nimmt mit zunehmender Konzentration der nichtmagnetischen Elemente der Legierung ab. Diese Tendenz ist ahnlich wie die im Falle des magnetischen Moments. Die beobachtete Korrelation zwischen Δy und μFe zeigt, das beide Parameter denselben Ursprung haben.
The present paper is basically concerned with pesticide residues. Production problems, assortment... more The present paper is basically concerned with pesticide residues. Production problems, assortment of pesticides, and trade legislation are, however, so closely interrelated with the problem of residues that it is deemed necessary to give short, essential information on subjects relevant to the main topic.
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA) have recently broug... more Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA) have recently brought a significant attention in view of application as high-density non-volatile Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) due to their possible low critical current density, good thermal stability and downscalable junction size [1]. As the PMA can be affected by the MTJ layer structure, these properties can also be modified significantly, creating an opportunity for further improvement of the magnetic memory technology based on MTJs.
Silicon strip detectors represent a new class of one-dimensional position-sensitive single photon... more Silicon strip detectors represent a new class of one-dimensional position-sensitive single photon counting devices. They allow a reduction of measurement time at the powder diffractometers by a factor up to 100 compared to instruments with a single counter, while maintaining comparable count statistics. Present work describes a 128-channel detector working with a standard diffractometer. The detector is 12.8 mm long and covers the angular range of 3.2 deg. We discuss the diffraction geometry in real and reciprocal space, the FWHM of diffraction peaks, and the background level. Measurements were made on standard samples and on complex samples of industrial importance (e. g., portland clinker). Applications of the detector to diffraction measurements of single crystals and thin films are discussed briefly.
ABSTRACTThe Ar-ion-beam-mixing of the FeZr multilayer system is studied by conversion electron Md... more ABSTRACTThe Ar-ion-beam-mixing of the FeZr multilayer system is studied by conversion electron Mdssbauer spectroscopy. The dependence of the amorphization process on the layer thickness and ion dose is studied in detail for samples with Fe to Zr ratio of 1 and 0.5 and modulation wavelength of 5 to 90 nm.
The oscillatory coupling, GMR and field sensitivity (S) on the glass deposited Ni83Fe17/Cu multil... more The oscillatory coupling, GMR and field sensitivity (S) on the glass deposited Ni83Fe17/Cu multilayers (Mls) as a function of the Cu spacer are discussed. The oscillation period is 1 nm and the maximum of S = 0.13 [%/Oe] was obtained for Mls with dPy = 1.8 nm and dCu = 2 nm. Low temperature destroys A—F coupling due to the
Amorphous Fe1–x(B, Zr)x and Co1-x(B, M.o)x films are prepared by the rf sputtering technique over... more Amorphous Fe1–x(B, Zr)x and Co1-x(B, M.o)x films are prepared by the rf sputtering technique over a wide range of concentration where the alloys show ferromagnetism. From the magnetization and mean hyperfine field values at low temperatures the magnetic moment of Fe(μFe) is determined. Using a rigid-band model the charge transfer per s and Zr atom to the Fe d-band is calculated. The best fits are obtained for a charge transfer of 1.48 electrons per s atom and of 1.8 electrons per Zr atom, yielding the observed critical concentrations at which ferromagnetism disappears: xc = 0.6 and Xc = 0.5 for FeB and FeZr films, respectively. From spontaneous Hall effect and resistivity (ϱ) measurements it is obtained thatRs ∼ ϱn in a wide range of concentrations with an exponent n = 1.97. The side jump parameter (Δy) calculated from the free-electron Berger formula decreases with increasing concentration of non-magnetic elements of the alloy. This tendency is similar as in the case of magnetic moment. The observed correlation between Δy and μFe shows that both parameters are of the same origin. Mit der HF-Sputtertechnik werden amorphe Fe1_x(B, Zr)x- und Co1–x(B, Mo)x-Schichten uiber einen grosen Konzentrationsbereich, in dem sie Ferromagnetismus zeigen, hergestellt. Aus den Wer-ten der Magnetisierung und des mittleren Hyperfeinfeldes bei tiefen Temperaturen wird das magne-tische Moment von Fe(μFe) bestimmt. Mit einem Modell starrer Bander wird der Ladungstransfer der B- und Zr-Atome zum Fe-d-Band berechnet. Die beste Anpassung wird fur einen Ladungstransfer von 1,48 Elektronen pro B-Atom und von 1,8 Elektronen pro Zr-Atom erhalten und fuhrt zu den beobachteten kritischen Konzentrationen bei denen der Ferromagnetismus verschwindet: xc = 0,6 und xc = 0,5 fur FeB- bzw. FeZr-Schichten. Aus dem spontanen Hall-Effekt und den Widerstands(ϱ)-Messungen wird gefunden, das Rs ∼ ϱn in einem weiten Konzentrationsbereich mit einem Exponenten n = 1,97 gilt. Der aus der Berger-Formel fur freie Elektronen berechnete Sprungparameter (Δy) nimmt mit zunehmender Konzentration der nichtmagnetischen Elemente der Legierung ab. Diese Tendenz ist ahnlich wie die im Falle des magnetischen Moments. Die beobachtete Korrelation zwischen Δy und μFe zeigt, das beide Parameter denselben Ursprung haben.
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