Silicone rubber, which is a widely used biomaterial, is often used to make soft liners for perman... more Silicone rubber, which is a widely used biomaterial, is often used to make soft liners for permanent denture. Colonization of denture soft lining materials by Candida albicans can result in clinical problems. The aim of this study was to chemically modify the surface of an experimental silicone rubber in order to produce a silicone that was less susceptible to candidal colonization. Surface modification was carried out with the use of argon‐plasma bombardment followed by silane treatment, which caused the incorporation of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic functional groups onto the surface. Changes in water contact angles and chemical analysis of the materials with scanning ion mass spectroscopy confirmed surface changes. In vitro assays were carried out using C. albicans to measure levels of adherence to the surface‐modified silicone after 1 h. C. albicans exhibited very low adherence to all silane‐treated surfaces, whether hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This led to the conclusion tha...
ABSTRACT The day of the week effect is a well-documented calendar anomaly. This study investigate... more ABSTRACT The day of the week effect is a well-documented calendar anomaly. This study investigates the presence of this effect in the Indian stock market during 1990-2013, using GARCH framework with three distribution assumptions. The results indicate that the traditional Monday effect is non-existent in the two leading market indices. In contrast, a positive Monday effect in Sensex and a positive Wednesday effect in Nifty are present in the entire sample period. The results remain robust to the distribution assumptions and sub-periods.
ABSTRACT Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) in brackish water differentially affects boron (B) nutritio... more ABSTRACT Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) in brackish water differentially affects boron (B) nutrition of plants grown on calcareous and salt-affected soils. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of brackish irrigation water with different sodium adsorption ratio (SARiw) [distilled-water control, 8, and 16 (mmolc L−1)1/2] on B nutrition of maize. Plants were grown for 40 days with 5 levels of B (0, 1.29, 2.30, 3.22, and 4.46 mg kg−1 soil). Boron application significantly improved plant growth at lower rates. High B rates and application of high SARiw decreased plant growth independently, and the reduction in growth was further aggravated due to combined effect of both B and high SARiw. Decreased growth was attributed mainly to increased shoot B and Na concentration, while decreased Ca concentration. These ionic changes also altered internal and external B requirements. Yield decrease was observed at lower B concentration in soil solution B and plants shoot grown with high SARiw than in plants grown with distilled water and low B application rates.
Silicone rubber, which is a widely used biomaterial, is often used to make soft liners for perman... more Silicone rubber, which is a widely used biomaterial, is often used to make soft liners for permanent denture. Colonization of denture soft lining materials by Candida albicans can result in clinical problems. The aim of this study was to chemically modify the surface of an experimental silicone rubber in order to produce a silicone that was less susceptible to candidal colonization. Surface modification was carried out with the use of argon‐plasma bombardment followed by silane treatment, which caused the incorporation of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic functional groups onto the surface. Changes in water contact angles and chemical analysis of the materials with scanning ion mass spectroscopy confirmed surface changes. In vitro assays were carried out using C. albicans to measure levels of adherence to the surface‐modified silicone after 1 h. C. albicans exhibited very low adherence to all silane‐treated surfaces, whether hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This led to the conclusion tha...
ABSTRACT The day of the week effect is a well-documented calendar anomaly. This study investigate... more ABSTRACT The day of the week effect is a well-documented calendar anomaly. This study investigates the presence of this effect in the Indian stock market during 1990-2013, using GARCH framework with three distribution assumptions. The results indicate that the traditional Monday effect is non-existent in the two leading market indices. In contrast, a positive Monday effect in Sensex and a positive Wednesday effect in Nifty are present in the entire sample period. The results remain robust to the distribution assumptions and sub-periods.
ABSTRACT Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) in brackish water differentially affects boron (B) nutritio... more ABSTRACT Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) in brackish water differentially affects boron (B) nutrition of plants grown on calcareous and salt-affected soils. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of brackish irrigation water with different sodium adsorption ratio (SARiw) [distilled-water control, 8, and 16 (mmolc L−1)1/2] on B nutrition of maize. Plants were grown for 40 days with 5 levels of B (0, 1.29, 2.30, 3.22, and 4.46 mg kg−1 soil). Boron application significantly improved plant growth at lower rates. High B rates and application of high SARiw decreased plant growth independently, and the reduction in growth was further aggravated due to combined effect of both B and high SARiw. Decreased growth was attributed mainly to increased shoot B and Na concentration, while decreased Ca concentration. These ionic changes also altered internal and external B requirements. Yield decrease was observed at lower B concentration in soil solution B and plants shoot grown with high SARiw than in plants grown with distilled water and low B application rates.
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