Brand substitution is common observed phenomenon in daily life. It is the decision makers’ econom... more Brand substitution is common observed phenomenon in daily life. It is the decision makers’ economic understanding and potential scheme for business-industries. Also, it provides the flexibility in management and increases the ability to control the production. This works proposes an integrated supplier–retailer inventory model for substitutable products. Two suppliers work not works with two different brand products with their corresponding demand are involved and one retailer sells each of the products. To nullify the complexities of the joint optimization problem, we first develop a deterministic model for three cases: no substitution, partial substitution and full substitution, then we go for its fuzzification. Keeping the financial constraint of each producer, we have studied over the elasticity of the cost parameters by means of triangular dense fuzzy lock set approach with its locking and unlocking property for final decision making. Finally, sensitivity analysis and graphical...
In this study, the author proposes a new carbon taxing policy. This proposed carbon tax has two t... more In this study, the author proposes a new carbon taxing policy. This proposed carbon tax has two tax components. The first component is constant, and the second component depends on the green efficiency of production. The green efficiency of production is measured by the average amount of emissions per unit production in an assessment year. The green efficiency-based tax component can be reset every year. Lesser average emission rate indicates better green efficiency. The second component of this proposed carbon tax forces the firm to improve the green efficiency of production, which results in cleaner production. The author incorporates this new carbon tax policy in a production-inventory system with a price-sensitive demand rate. A rule is provided for the implementation of this new tax. Emissions during setup, production, and storage are considered as independent random variables. The firm has the opportunity of investing in green technologies to improve green efficiency. A profit...
This paper analyzes an inventory system for joint determination of product quality and selling pr... more This paper analyzes an inventory system for joint determination of product quality and selling price where a fraction of items produced are defective. It is assumed that only a fraction of defective items can be repaired/reworked. The demand rate depends upon both the quality and the selling price of the product. The production rate, unit price, and carrying cost depend upon the quality of the items produced. Quality index is used to determine the quality of the product. An algorithm is provided to solve the model with given values of model parameters. Sensitivity analysis has also been performed.
... Karabi Dutta Choudhury1 and Tapan Kumar Datta2 1Department of Mathematics, Assam University, ... more ... Karabi Dutta Choudhury1 and Tapan Kumar Datta2 1Department of Mathematics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, India 2Department of Mathematics ... been published by the authors (Dave, 1988; Goswami and Chaudhuri, 1992; Pakkala and Ahcary, 1994; Sarma, 1983, 1987 ...
Carbon emissions play the central role in global warming. Manufacturing firms are significant con... more Carbon emissions play the central role in global warming. Manufacturing firms are significant contributors to carbon emissions. In many countries, regulatory authorities are taking actions to reduce emissions. Carbon taxation and cap-and-trade schemes are two mechanisms implemented in many countries. In the present paper, the author analyzes a production-inventory model under a carbon tax system. The production rate is assumed to be a decision variable and can be set at any level within machine limits. A proportion of items produced are defective, and this proportion depends on the production rate. Demand depends on the selling price. Unit price is a decreasing function of the production rate. Emissions can be reduced to some extent by capital investment on green technology, and this capital investment amount is a decision variable. Customers are categorized as retail customers and wholesale customers. A discount is offered to the wholesale customers on the regular selling price. Th...
Brand substitution is common observed phenomenon in daily life. It is the decision makers’ econom... more Brand substitution is common observed phenomenon in daily life. It is the decision makers’ economic understanding and potential scheme for business-industries. Also, it provides the flexibility in management and increases the ability to control the production. This works proposes an integrated supplier–retailer inventory model for substitutable products. Two suppliers work not works with two different brand products with their corresponding demand are involved and one retailer sells each of the products. To nullify the complexities of the joint optimization problem, we first develop a deterministic model for three cases: no substitution, partial substitution and full substitution, then we go for its fuzzification. Keeping the financial constraint of each producer, we have studied over the elasticity of the cost parameters by means of triangular dense fuzzy lock set approach with its locking and unlocking property for final decision making. Finally, sensitivity analysis and graphical...
In this study, the author proposes a new carbon taxing policy. This proposed carbon tax has two t... more In this study, the author proposes a new carbon taxing policy. This proposed carbon tax has two tax components. The first component is constant, and the second component depends on the green efficiency of production. The green efficiency of production is measured by the average amount of emissions per unit production in an assessment year. The green efficiency-based tax component can be reset every year. Lesser average emission rate indicates better green efficiency. The second component of this proposed carbon tax forces the firm to improve the green efficiency of production, which results in cleaner production. The author incorporates this new carbon tax policy in a production-inventory system with a price-sensitive demand rate. A rule is provided for the implementation of this new tax. Emissions during setup, production, and storage are considered as independent random variables. The firm has the opportunity of investing in green technologies to improve green efficiency. A profit...
This paper analyzes an inventory system for joint determination of product quality and selling pr... more This paper analyzes an inventory system for joint determination of product quality and selling price where a fraction of items produced are defective. It is assumed that only a fraction of defective items can be repaired/reworked. The demand rate depends upon both the quality and the selling price of the product. The production rate, unit price, and carrying cost depend upon the quality of the items produced. Quality index is used to determine the quality of the product. An algorithm is provided to solve the model with given values of model parameters. Sensitivity analysis has also been performed.
... Karabi Dutta Choudhury1 and Tapan Kumar Datta2 1Department of Mathematics, Assam University, ... more ... Karabi Dutta Choudhury1 and Tapan Kumar Datta2 1Department of Mathematics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, India 2Department of Mathematics ... been published by the authors (Dave, 1988; Goswami and Chaudhuri, 1992; Pakkala and Ahcary, 1994; Sarma, 1983, 1987 ...
Carbon emissions play the central role in global warming. Manufacturing firms are significant con... more Carbon emissions play the central role in global warming. Manufacturing firms are significant contributors to carbon emissions. In many countries, regulatory authorities are taking actions to reduce emissions. Carbon taxation and cap-and-trade schemes are two mechanisms implemented in many countries. In the present paper, the author analyzes a production-inventory model under a carbon tax system. The production rate is assumed to be a decision variable and can be set at any level within machine limits. A proportion of items produced are defective, and this proportion depends on the production rate. Demand depends on the selling price. Unit price is a decreasing function of the production rate. Emissions can be reduced to some extent by capital investment on green technology, and this capital investment amount is a decision variable. Customers are categorized as retail customers and wholesale customers. A discount is offered to the wholesale customers on the regular selling price. Th...
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