Caffeine is an emerging pollutant and is considered the most representative pollutant of the Phar... more Caffeine is an emerging pollutant and is considered the most representative pollutant of the Pharmaceutical Active due to its high consumption by the general population. It can be used to track pollution caused by humans. Different technologies have been employed to remove the caffeine from aqueous media, however the adsorption has been preferred due to its simplicity, high removal efficiency, operational and implementation facility and low cost. This paper provides a systematic review of the published peer-reviewed literature concerned with caffeine removal by the adsorption process. The Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were used to identify relevant articles researches on caffeine removal. Many authors have studied caffeine's adsorption equilibrium in aqueous media, different conditions, and different adsorbents. This paper aims to uncover the overall trend of adsorbent used, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The impact of pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and competitive effect were presented and analyzed. It was observed that the adsorption capacities ranged between 10 and 1000 mg g-1, according to the nature and properties of the adsorbent. The pseudo-second order (kinetic model) and the Langmuir isotherm model showed the best adjustment of the experimental data from caffeine adsorption in most studies. The mechanistic understanding of adsorption and the development of new adsorbents are still a matter of future research, as well as the use of other kinetic models based on statistical factors and the thermodynamic studies should be considered.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Jan 25, 2022
Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties and causes severe health an... more Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties and causes severe health and environmental effects. The chromium’s adsorption equilibrium in aqueous media, its mechanisms, and different lignocellulosic wastes have been studied by many researchers. In this way, this paper provides a systematic, updated, and critical overview of Cr (IVI) adsorption by lignocellulosic waste adsorbent. Besides, analyzing the Cr (VI) problems in the aquatic environment addressed to lignocellulosic waste and its properties as adsorbent. Also, it was made a deep revision about important topics such as chemical regeneration and Cr (VI) recovery, characterization techniques, and interfering factors effects (e.g., pH, dosage). In addition, it was studied carefully the adsorption phenomena through several mathematical models of kinetics and isotherms and analyzed the thermodynamics results reported by an important number of research papers. Through this review, it was observed that the lignocellulosic wastes adsorption capacities usually range from 0.32 to 403.23 mg g−1, the adsorbent percentage removal after regenerating cycle ranged between 26.5 and 98.69%, and a greater performance of removing Cr (VI) occurs at pH range 1–6. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models were the models that presented the best adjustment of the experimental data for Cr (VI) adsorption, and the thermodynamic nature was spontaneous and endothermic for most cases. Further studies about lignocellulosic waste adsorbents lifecycle, stability, large-scale production, and production cost analysis are still necessary to determine the stability and efficacy of lignocellulosic wastes adsorbents in real effluent treatment.
In the present study we reported for the first time, the feasibility of pecan nutshell (PNS-Carya... more In the present study we reported for the first time, the feasibility of pecan nutshell (PNS-Carya illinoensis) as an alternative biosorbent to remove Cr(III), Fe(III) and Zn(II) metallic ions from aqueous solutions. The ability of PNS to remove these metallic ions was investigated by using batch biosorption procedure. The effects, such as pH and the biosorbent dosage on the adsorption
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and powdered activated carbon were used as adsorbents for the succe... more Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and powdered activated carbon were used as adsorbents for the successful removal of Reactive Red M-2BE textile dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterised by infrared spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption/desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of pH, shaking time and temperature on adsorption capacity were studied. In the acidic pH region (pH 2.0), the adsorption of the dye was favourable using both adsorbents. The contact time to obtain equilibrium at 298K was fixed at 1h for both adsorbents. The activation energy of the adsorption process was evaluated from 298 to 323K for both adsorbents. The Avrami fractional-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data compared with pseudo-first-order or pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption models. For Reactive Red M-2BE dye, the equilibrium data were best fitted to the Liu isotherm model. Simulated dyehouse effluents were used to check the applicability of the proposed adsorbents for effluent treatment.
Brazilian pine-fruit shells (Araucaria angustifolia) in natural form and as activated carbon were... more Brazilian pine-fruit shells (Araucaria angustifolia) in natural form and as activated carbon were tested as adsorbents for the removal of remazol black B (RB) textile dye from aqueous effluents. The effects of shaking time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption ...
Activated carbon materials were prepared from the Brazilian pine‐fruit shell (Araucaria angustifo... more Activated carbon materials were prepared from the Brazilian pine‐fruit shell (Araucaria angustifolia) by chemically activated carbon (CAC) and chemically and physically activated carbon (CPAC), and tested as adsorbents for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous effluents. The mixed activation process leads to increases in the specific surface area, average porous volume, and average porous diameter of the adsorbent CPAC when compared to CAC. The effects of shaking time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption capacity were studied. BG uptake was favorable at pH values ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 for both CAC and CPAC. The contact time required to obtain the equilibrium using CAC and CPAC as adsorbents was 4 h at 298 K, respectively. The fractionary‐order kinetic model provided the best fit to experimental data compared with other models. Equilibrium data were better fit to the Sips and Redlich‐Peterson isotherm models using CAC and CPAC as adsorbents. The enthalpy and e...
Factorial and central composite design experiments were performed to maximize the percentage remo... more Factorial and central composite design experiments were performed to maximize the percentage removal of hydrolyzed reactive red 194 (HRR) from a simulated textile effluent by using Brazilian pine fruit wastes. Solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and adsorbent mass levels were systematically varied for both untreated and acid-treated wastes. Biosorbent dosage of 9.0 g L, pH of 2.0, and at least
Caffeine is an emerging pollutant and is considered the most representative pollutant of the Phar... more Caffeine is an emerging pollutant and is considered the most representative pollutant of the Pharmaceutical Active due to its high consumption by the general population. It can be used to track pollution caused by humans. Different technologies have been employed to remove the caffeine from aqueous media, however the adsorption has been preferred due to its simplicity, high removal efficiency, operational and implementation facility and low cost. This paper provides a systematic review of the published peer-reviewed literature concerned with caffeine removal by the adsorption process. The Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were used to identify relevant articles researches on caffeine removal. Many authors have studied caffeine's adsorption equilibrium in aqueous media, different conditions, and different adsorbents. This paper aims to uncover the overall trend of adsorbent used, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The impact of pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and competitive effect were presented and analyzed. It was observed that the adsorption capacities ranged between 10 and 1000 mg g-1, according to the nature and properties of the adsorbent. The pseudo-second order (kinetic model) and the Langmuir isotherm model showed the best adjustment of the experimental data from caffeine adsorption in most studies. The mechanistic understanding of adsorption and the development of new adsorbents are still a matter of future research, as well as the use of other kinetic models based on statistical factors and the thermodynamic studies should be considered.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Jan 25, 2022
Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties and causes severe health an... more Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties and causes severe health and environmental effects. The chromium’s adsorption equilibrium in aqueous media, its mechanisms, and different lignocellulosic wastes have been studied by many researchers. In this way, this paper provides a systematic, updated, and critical overview of Cr (IVI) adsorption by lignocellulosic waste adsorbent. Besides, analyzing the Cr (VI) problems in the aquatic environment addressed to lignocellulosic waste and its properties as adsorbent. Also, it was made a deep revision about important topics such as chemical regeneration and Cr (VI) recovery, characterization techniques, and interfering factors effects (e.g., pH, dosage). In addition, it was studied carefully the adsorption phenomena through several mathematical models of kinetics and isotherms and analyzed the thermodynamics results reported by an important number of research papers. Through this review, it was observed that the lignocellulosic wastes adsorption capacities usually range from 0.32 to 403.23 mg g−1, the adsorbent percentage removal after regenerating cycle ranged between 26.5 and 98.69%, and a greater performance of removing Cr (VI) occurs at pH range 1–6. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models were the models that presented the best adjustment of the experimental data for Cr (VI) adsorption, and the thermodynamic nature was spontaneous and endothermic for most cases. Further studies about lignocellulosic waste adsorbents lifecycle, stability, large-scale production, and production cost analysis are still necessary to determine the stability and efficacy of lignocellulosic wastes adsorbents in real effluent treatment.
In the present study we reported for the first time, the feasibility of pecan nutshell (PNS-Carya... more In the present study we reported for the first time, the feasibility of pecan nutshell (PNS-Carya illinoensis) as an alternative biosorbent to remove Cr(III), Fe(III) and Zn(II) metallic ions from aqueous solutions. The ability of PNS to remove these metallic ions was investigated by using batch biosorption procedure. The effects, such as pH and the biosorbent dosage on the adsorption
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and powdered activated carbon were used as adsorbents for the succe... more Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and powdered activated carbon were used as adsorbents for the successful removal of Reactive Red M-2BE textile dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterised by infrared spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption/desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of pH, shaking time and temperature on adsorption capacity were studied. In the acidic pH region (pH 2.0), the adsorption of the dye was favourable using both adsorbents. The contact time to obtain equilibrium at 298K was fixed at 1h for both adsorbents. The activation energy of the adsorption process was evaluated from 298 to 323K for both adsorbents. The Avrami fractional-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data compared with pseudo-first-order or pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption models. For Reactive Red M-2BE dye, the equilibrium data were best fitted to the Liu isotherm model. Simulated dyehouse effluents were used to check the applicability of the proposed adsorbents for effluent treatment.
Brazilian pine-fruit shells (Araucaria angustifolia) in natural form and as activated carbon were... more Brazilian pine-fruit shells (Araucaria angustifolia) in natural form and as activated carbon were tested as adsorbents for the removal of remazol black B (RB) textile dye from aqueous effluents. The effects of shaking time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption ...
Activated carbon materials were prepared from the Brazilian pine‐fruit shell (Araucaria angustifo... more Activated carbon materials were prepared from the Brazilian pine‐fruit shell (Araucaria angustifolia) by chemically activated carbon (CAC) and chemically and physically activated carbon (CPAC), and tested as adsorbents for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous effluents. The mixed activation process leads to increases in the specific surface area, average porous volume, and average porous diameter of the adsorbent CPAC when compared to CAC. The effects of shaking time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption capacity were studied. BG uptake was favorable at pH values ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 for both CAC and CPAC. The contact time required to obtain the equilibrium using CAC and CPAC as adsorbents was 4 h at 298 K, respectively. The fractionary‐order kinetic model provided the best fit to experimental data compared with other models. Equilibrium data were better fit to the Sips and Redlich‐Peterson isotherm models using CAC and CPAC as adsorbents. The enthalpy and e...
Factorial and central composite design experiments were performed to maximize the percentage remo... more Factorial and central composite design experiments were performed to maximize the percentage removal of hydrolyzed reactive red 194 (HRR) from a simulated textile effluent by using Brazilian pine fruit wastes. Solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and adsorbent mass levels were systematically varied for both untreated and acid-treated wastes. Biosorbent dosage of 9.0 g L, pH of 2.0, and at least
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