Travel by bus is an efficient, cost-effective, safe and preferred means of intercity transport in... more Travel by bus is an efficient, cost-effective, safe and preferred means of intercity transport in many advanced countries. On the contrary, there is huge public sentiment about the safety records of intercity buses in low- and middle-income countries given the increasing bus-involved road traffic crashes and high fatality rates. This study sought to model the injury severity of intercity bus transport in Ghana using the random parameters multinomial logit with heterogeneity in means and variances modelling technique to account for unobserved heterogeneity in the dataset. The dataset involves crash data from the 575 km long Accra-Kumasi-Sunyani-Gonokrom highway in Ghana. Four discrete crash outcome categories were considered in this study: fatal injury, hospitalized injury, minor injury, and no injury. The study observed that crashes involving pedestrians, unlicensed drivers, and drivers and passengers aged more than 60 years have a higher probability of sustaining fatal injuries. Also, speeding, wrong overtaking, careless driving and inexperienced drivers were associated with fatal injury outcomes on the highway. The incidence of intercity bus transport crashes involving larger buses and minibuses were also found to more likely result in fatalities. The probability of hospitalized injury increased for crashes that occurred in a village setting. Given these findings, the study proposed improvement of the road infrastructure, enforcing seatbelt availability and use in intercity buses, increased enforcement of the traffic rules and regulations to deter driver recklessness and speeding as well as improving the luminance of the highways. Additionally, apps that have features for customers to rate intercity bus operators, the quality of services provided, and also have the option to report reckless driving activities can be developed to promote safe and inclusive public transport in the country.
BackgroundMotorcycle helmet use is low in Ghana and many helmets are non-standard. There are limi... more BackgroundMotorcycle helmet use is low in Ghana and many helmets are non-standard. There are limited data on the effectiveness of the different helmet types in use in the real-world circumstances of low-income and middle-income countries. This study assessed the effect of different helmet types on risk of head injury among motorcycle crash victims in northern Ghana.MethodsA prospective unmatched case–control study was conducted at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). All persons who had injuries from a motorcycle crash within 2 weeks of presentation to TTH were consecutively sampled. A total of 349 cases, persons who sustained minor to severe head injury, and 363 controls, persons without head injury, were enrolled. A semistructured questionnaire was used to interview patients and review their medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds for head injury.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, the odds of head injuries were 93% less in motorcyclists wit...
The general aim of this research was to ascertain the relationship between service quality and cu... more The general aim of this research was to ascertain the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. This was ascertained with the use of QUALBUS dimensions and how each influences student’s satisfaction. The purpose and reasons for using campus shuttle were also elucidated. The research methodology was a cross sectional survey at the two designated bus stops for the University of Cape Coast’s bus shuttling service at Old site (South campus) and Science (North campus) of 300 questionnaires through simple randomly sampling. The reliability of the study was tested by cronbach’s alfa. Frequency, percentage, correlation and regression were used for the data analysis. The results of the study indicate that 55% of the respondents were male; 70.2% were aged between 20-24years; 67.3% used the shuttle every other day; 50.5% used the campus shuttle because of the lower transport fares; 83.7% used the campus shuttle for educational reasons. Furthermore the results revealed tha...
International journal of injury control and safety promotion, Jan 13, 2018
Seat belt use does not only save lives but prevents the severity of injuries in road traffic cras... more Seat belt use does not only save lives but prevents the severity of injuries in road traffic crashes (RTCs). Vehicle type and usage have been found to influence the use of seat belt in cities like Kumasi, the host of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) campus. This paper presents a study on an un-obstructive survey of seat belt use by vehicle occupants entering and leaving KNUST campus through the four entrances from 7 to 9 am and 3 to 5 pm on five weekdays. A total of 5489 vehicles with 9542 occupants comprising 5489 drivers, front-right and first back seat and second back seat passengers were observed. The majority of the private and SUV drivers used seat belts. Meanwhile, almost all the commercial drivers did not use seat belts. There is a statistically significant relationship between vehicle type and use and the use of seat belt in KNUST.
SERVQUAL method comprising five dimensions was used to assess passengers' perspective of ICB ... more SERVQUAL method comprising five dimensions was used to assess passengers' perspective of ICB transport service quality on Cape Coast-Accra route. A questionnaire involving a 26-item attributes was used to measure the expectations and perceptions of service quality on a five-point likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly disagree. The 162 copies of self administered questionnaires were served on passengers aboard by a mixture of purposive and systematic sampling to ascertain how socio economic characteristics influence perception of service quality and the differences between expectations and perceptions of the five dimensions. An independent sample t-test and ANOVA results showed that tangibility, empathy, assurances and responsiveness each had positive impacts on passengers' perceptions of service quality. There emerged a significant difference in passengers' perceptions of the dimensions of assurance, tangibility and responsiveness across sex of passengers; ages...
The purpose of the study is to qualitatively ascertain the factors influencing intercity bus tran... more The purpose of the study is to qualitatively ascertain the factors influencing intercity bus transport travel time on the Accra-Takoradi route in Ghana. The cross sectional study involved the use of in-depth interviews conducted on fourteen drivers and forty two passengers of GPRTU, VIP, VVIP, ISTC, MMT, DIPLOMAT and FORD on the route. This was supported with participants and non-participants observations. The identified determinants were time of departure, purpose of travel, day/night journey, volume of traffic on the route, place of refueling, number of stoppages for passengers, the nature of the road, the type of bus, approved rest stops, speed limit, the presence of MTTD officials, presence of toll booths, volume of passengers' luggage and so on. Recommendations were proffered to reduce tension that might be generated by lack of understanding between the driver and the passengers on the travel time.
Travel by bus is an efficient, cost-effective, safe and preferred means of intercity transport in... more Travel by bus is an efficient, cost-effective, safe and preferred means of intercity transport in many advanced countries. On the contrary, there is huge public sentiment about the safety records of intercity buses in low- and middle-income countries given the increasing bus-involved road traffic crashes and high fatality rates. This study sought to model the injury severity of intercity bus transport in Ghana using the random parameters multinomial logit with heterogeneity in means and variances modelling technique to account for unobserved heterogeneity in the dataset. The dataset involves crash data from the 575 km long Accra-Kumasi-Sunyani-Gonokrom highway in Ghana. Four discrete crash outcome categories were considered in this study: fatal injury, hospitalized injury, minor injury, and no injury. The study observed that crashes involving pedestrians, unlicensed drivers, and drivers and passengers aged more than 60 years have a higher probability of sustaining fatal injuries. Also, speeding, wrong overtaking, careless driving and inexperienced drivers were associated with fatal injury outcomes on the highway. The incidence of intercity bus transport crashes involving larger buses and minibuses were also found to more likely result in fatalities. The probability of hospitalized injury increased for crashes that occurred in a village setting. Given these findings, the study proposed improvement of the road infrastructure, enforcing seatbelt availability and use in intercity buses, increased enforcement of the traffic rules and regulations to deter driver recklessness and speeding as well as improving the luminance of the highways. Additionally, apps that have features for customers to rate intercity bus operators, the quality of services provided, and also have the option to report reckless driving activities can be developed to promote safe and inclusive public transport in the country.
BackgroundMotorcycle helmet use is low in Ghana and many helmets are non-standard. There are limi... more BackgroundMotorcycle helmet use is low in Ghana and many helmets are non-standard. There are limited data on the effectiveness of the different helmet types in use in the real-world circumstances of low-income and middle-income countries. This study assessed the effect of different helmet types on risk of head injury among motorcycle crash victims in northern Ghana.MethodsA prospective unmatched case–control study was conducted at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). All persons who had injuries from a motorcycle crash within 2 weeks of presentation to TTH were consecutively sampled. A total of 349 cases, persons who sustained minor to severe head injury, and 363 controls, persons without head injury, were enrolled. A semistructured questionnaire was used to interview patients and review their medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds for head injury.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, the odds of head injuries were 93% less in motorcyclists wit...
The general aim of this research was to ascertain the relationship between service quality and cu... more The general aim of this research was to ascertain the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. This was ascertained with the use of QUALBUS dimensions and how each influences student’s satisfaction. The purpose and reasons for using campus shuttle were also elucidated. The research methodology was a cross sectional survey at the two designated bus stops for the University of Cape Coast’s bus shuttling service at Old site (South campus) and Science (North campus) of 300 questionnaires through simple randomly sampling. The reliability of the study was tested by cronbach’s alfa. Frequency, percentage, correlation and regression were used for the data analysis. The results of the study indicate that 55% of the respondents were male; 70.2% were aged between 20-24years; 67.3% used the shuttle every other day; 50.5% used the campus shuttle because of the lower transport fares; 83.7% used the campus shuttle for educational reasons. Furthermore the results revealed tha...
International journal of injury control and safety promotion, Jan 13, 2018
Seat belt use does not only save lives but prevents the severity of injuries in road traffic cras... more Seat belt use does not only save lives but prevents the severity of injuries in road traffic crashes (RTCs). Vehicle type and usage have been found to influence the use of seat belt in cities like Kumasi, the host of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) campus. This paper presents a study on an un-obstructive survey of seat belt use by vehicle occupants entering and leaving KNUST campus through the four entrances from 7 to 9 am and 3 to 5 pm on five weekdays. A total of 5489 vehicles with 9542 occupants comprising 5489 drivers, front-right and first back seat and second back seat passengers were observed. The majority of the private and SUV drivers used seat belts. Meanwhile, almost all the commercial drivers did not use seat belts. There is a statistically significant relationship between vehicle type and use and the use of seat belt in KNUST.
SERVQUAL method comprising five dimensions was used to assess passengers' perspective of ICB ... more SERVQUAL method comprising five dimensions was used to assess passengers' perspective of ICB transport service quality on Cape Coast-Accra route. A questionnaire involving a 26-item attributes was used to measure the expectations and perceptions of service quality on a five-point likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly disagree. The 162 copies of self administered questionnaires were served on passengers aboard by a mixture of purposive and systematic sampling to ascertain how socio economic characteristics influence perception of service quality and the differences between expectations and perceptions of the five dimensions. An independent sample t-test and ANOVA results showed that tangibility, empathy, assurances and responsiveness each had positive impacts on passengers' perceptions of service quality. There emerged a significant difference in passengers' perceptions of the dimensions of assurance, tangibility and responsiveness across sex of passengers; ages...
The purpose of the study is to qualitatively ascertain the factors influencing intercity bus tran... more The purpose of the study is to qualitatively ascertain the factors influencing intercity bus transport travel time on the Accra-Takoradi route in Ghana. The cross sectional study involved the use of in-depth interviews conducted on fourteen drivers and forty two passengers of GPRTU, VIP, VVIP, ISTC, MMT, DIPLOMAT and FORD on the route. This was supported with participants and non-participants observations. The identified determinants were time of departure, purpose of travel, day/night journey, volume of traffic on the route, place of refueling, number of stoppages for passengers, the nature of the road, the type of bus, approved rest stops, speed limit, the presence of MTTD officials, presence of toll booths, volume of passengers' luggage and so on. Recommendations were proffered to reduce tension that might be generated by lack of understanding between the driver and the passengers on the travel time.
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Papers by Thomas K. Ojo