A scientist by training and an author now. An entrepreneur, a senior executive, founder/board member of hi-tech start-ups and clean-tech coalitions. Also a principal investigator responsible for programs of the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, US Army, Navy, DARPA, etc., and state agencies. Education and Training at Brown University and MIT. Phone: 5083081879 Address: Massachusetts, USA
New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient dra... more New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient drawing now dated 13,000-15,000 years old. The drawing was an Atlas of Heaven and Earth that contained astronomy, geography, weathering, calendars, and a stratified society. The atlas was seamlessly integrated with dualistic cosmology, religion, ideology, and philosophy. The atlas contained the-Five Divine Stars‖ of the Sun, the Moon, Rising Venus, Setting Venus, and Polar Star Vega in 12,000 BC. Its-Four Sacred Asterisms‖ on the ecliptic were the southern Bird, the northern Snake/Turtle, the western Big Cat, and the eastern Dragon. Since the atlas was created, the North Pole has turned 180 degrees on the circle of precession. In the east, there were mountains, monsoon, and thunder. In the west, an easterly running river drained a lake or lagoon into the sea. The atlas had several metaphors. Examples were Genesis of Seven Days Creation, Life Cycles, Andean Cross, later Mayan Eight-Sided Cross, and Chinese Yin Yang Eight Gua. Heaven was round, Earth was square, and the stratification of mankind was a mandate of the Creator. The two calendars had 13 months and four seasons. One of them was a Sidereal calendar with 365 days a year and used Antares for the start of a year and conjunctions with the moon. The other Solar Lunar Calendar had three Leap-Back‖ Months for alignment with the solar circle. Fu Xi (ca 5,324 BC) composed Chinese dualistic religion presumably based on its drawing. Its contents were also found in China, Japan, Korea, Incans, Mayans, etc., and to some degree in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, India, and Egypt. Its birthplace was assumed to be Paleolithic East Asia, but its exact location was unknown.
New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient dra... more New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient drawing now dated 13,000–15,000 years old. The drawing was an Atlas of Heaven and Earth that contained astronomy, geography, weathering, calendars, and a stratified society. The atlas was seamlessly integrated with dualistic cosmology, religion, ideology, and philosophy. The atlas contained the “Five Divine Stars” of the Sun, the Moon, Rising Venus, Setting Venus, and Polar Star Vega in 12,000 BC. Its “Four Sacred Asterisms” on the ecliptic were the southern Bird, the northern Snake/Turtle, the western Tiger, and the eastern Dragon. Since the atlas was created, the North Pole has turned 180 degrees on the circle of precession. In the east, there were mountains, monsoon, and thunder. In the west, an easterly running river drained a lake or lagoon into the sea. The atlas had several metaphors. Examples were Genesis of Seven Days Creation, Life Cycles, Andean Cross, later Mayan Eight-Sided Cross, and Chinese Yin Yang Eight Gua. Heaven was round, Earth was square, and the stratification of mankind was a mandate of the Creator. The two calendars had 13 months and four seasons. One of them was a Sidereal calendar with 365 days in a year and used Antares for the start of a year and conjunctions with the moon. The other Solar Lunar Calendar had three Leap “Back” Months for alignment with the solar circle. Fu Xi (ca 5,324 BC) composed Chinese dualistic religion based on its drawing. Its contents were also found in China, Japan, Koreas, Incans, Mayans, etc., and to some degree in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, India, and Egypt. Its birthplace was assumed to be in Paleolithic East Asia, but its exact location was unknown.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert the chemical energy stored in hydrocarbon fuels direct... more Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert the chemical energy stored in hydrocarbon fuels directly into electricity bypassing the many energy transfers that normally occur, (chemical→ heat (steam boiler)→ mechanical (turbine)→ electrical (generator)), when hydrocarbon fuels are combusted to produce electricity. CellTech Power has developed a liquid tin anode (LTA) SOFC that is not damaged by fuels that contain sulfur. This paper develops an analytical electrochemical impedance spectroscopy model from first principals for the the LTA-SOFC anode half cell. The model is in conjunction with experimental data to determine; the average Ohmic resistance, 8.81mΩ, average steady state concentration of tin oxide in liquid tin, 1.09E-9 mol/cm3, effective diffusion coefficient of tin oxide through liquid tin, 0.198 cm2/s, and the pre-exponential factor for the butler volmer equation 2.92E5 C*cm/mol/s.
This paper constitutes the study of the Sumerian inscription found on the obelisk of "Blau Monume... more This paper constitutes the study of the Sumerian inscription found on the obelisk of "Blau Monuments" 5,000 years of age. As a part of research undertaken on the Sumerians and ancient Chinese, the study indicates that those Sumerian proto-cuneiform characters are archaic Chinese. Now inscription on the obelisk is fully deciphered, translated, interpreted, and presented in detail in their native Chinese and highlighted in English as well. The study is based on Sumerian and ancient Chinese texts, the genealogy of Oracle Bone Scripts (1,200 BC), and the genealogy of cuneiform as well. The title of the Sumerian obelisk is revealed as "Spring Mansion". Its content appears to be a royal document of its two highest-ranking officers, the Queen, and a senior administrator. "Spring Mansion", the royal ministry of Ritual and Worship, is one of six administrative ministries of royal courts in ancient China.
This is a part of the multi-discipline study of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and ancient China. T... more This is a part of the multi-discipline study of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and ancient China. The author details that the earliest metrologies of weight, length, area, and volume, in the Sumerian and Neolithic Chinese systems, start with the smallest unit as “grain” which is still in use today. The “grain” is identified to be originated from one special type of millet called “Proso millet”, also known as “common millet”, not barley, wheat, corn, or rice though. This native crop has been cultivated in the Yellow River downstream since 8,000BC. The author further analyzes the full set of the Sumerian and ancient Chinese weights. After deciphering all of them, he finds them to be identical. For example, the smallest unit of “grain”, the Sumerian “three-barley” to be originally from Chinese ten common millets 圭Gui; the Sumerian shekel to be Chinese 丁Din meaning a rope wedge or nail; the Sumerian mina or pound, actually being two characters “ma” and “na” to be Chinese 斤Jin and 锤Chui, with their meanings to be a pick-ax and a wooden hammer respectively; the Sumerian talent to be Chinese 石Dan, meaning a weighing container initially for the royal payment of tax in form of grains. The author also demonstrates, simply by employing the weight of a single Proso millet, that he can derive and project the full set of weight units in both the Sumerian and Chinese sexagesimal metrology of weights. The projected weights match well with those found in the archeological sites and ancient texts. For example, the pickax weighs about 250 grams and the wooden hammer weighs about 220 grams in ancient Chinese weights, and their combined weight is about 470 grams. The Sumerian “mina” consists of a pickax and a hammer and weighs about 470 grams as well. The author concludes that the Sumerians and Chinese weights are the same with the Chinese being the origin. For example, the stone-headed pickax known as斤Jin in Chinese has been found in archeological ruins dated 4,000BC and its inscription of pictogram has also been found on pottery dated 3,500BC in the vicinity of the Yellow River downstream. Archeological ruins indicate the Chinese pickax predates the Sumerian pickax. When they are used as a weight unit, both are inscribed with identical pictograms and weigh the same 250 grams. Nevertheless, the author leaves much analysis of metrology of length and volume to future researchers to pursue. He also reminds that both the Sumerians and Chinese use the pictogram of “water well” as a unit for their land area or acreage, which is used in the ancient Chinese Well-Land System.
The author states that scholars have been fascinated by the similarity in ancient astronomy in di... more The author states that scholars have been fascinated by the similarity in ancient astronomy in different civilizations, for example, both the Sumerians and Chinese used Jupiter’s movement in deriving their zodiac of 12 constellations and used 360 degrees in describing the sky. The author has further revealed Chinese zodiac has three phases based on ancient texts and precession, characterized by its starting constellation, Yin 寅Sagittarius at ca 5300BC, Chou 丑Capricornus at ca 3000BC and Zi 子Aquarius at ca 700BC which is still in use today in China. The Sumerians inherited the Chinese zodiac of the second phase Chou Capricornus at ca 3000BC, so did the ancient Indians and the Egyptians via their mutual trades with the Sumerians. Capricornus was used as a telling sign of planting millet during 4000BC-3000BC in the Yellow River downstream, Qian Niu牵牛as a bull being led for plowing the field, however, Sumerians changed the “bull” to Taurus as Sun in the Vernal Equinox, instead of Chinese in the Winter Solstice. The author has also made a breakthrough by determining ancient Chinese started their sexagesimal calendar in 5324BC and their first phase zodiac of 12 constellations known as Yin 寅Sagittarius was already in place then, based on ancient texts and Jupiter’s solar circle, an astonishing discovery which has also been independently verified by another astronomical event based on precession that Chinese started their Phase One zodiac around 5300BC. The author has further demonstrated Chinese used the Left Pivotal Star known as Lota-Draconis today as their North Star at 5000BC and the Right Pivotal Star known as alpha-Draconis as their North Star at 3000BC. Recent archeological findings indicate the People of East had observed the North Star at 4400BC. Chinese astronomy has always been under strict state supervision and, according to our findings revealed in this book, is the oldest known, two thousand years older than the Sumerians. These ancient People of East developed the earliest astronomy and invented the earliest calendar for one practical purpose, to determine the precise dates of their brief planting of millet, which occurs at the end of May and the beginning of June at the northern latitude of 36 degrees. This is the precise reason why the first civilization was born to farmers of millet, not to cultivators of barley, wheat, corn, or rice in warmer climates at lower latitudes.
The integration of electronics into modern warfare has seen the creation of a niche market for po... more The integration of electronics into modern warfare has seen the creation of a niche market for portable power generators that run on military logistic fuel (JP-8). The 2 stage chemical/electrochemical reaction of the fuel on the anode side of the Liquid Tin Anode (LTA)-SOFC allows a range of carbonaceous fuels to be directly utilized at high efficiencies. However, the LTA-SOFC technology currently has a peak power density of 120 mW.cm-2 on JP-8. A better understanding of the anode side kinetics, thermodynamic, and transport properties would allow further optimization of this technology. A physics-based model of the LTA-SOFC was built. The model was initially developed for simple fuel before incorporation of heavy hydrocarbon fuels. This paper reports on the modeling efforts to date.
An unconventional high temperature fuel cell system, the liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (... more An unconventional high temperature fuel cell system, the liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC), is discussed. A thermodynamic analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell with a liquid metal anode is developed. Pertinent thermochemical and thermophysical properties of liquid tin in particular are detailed. An experimental setup for analysis of LTA-SOFC anode kinetics is described, and data for
A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC) is actively being developed for direct utiliz... more A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC) is actively being developed for direct utilization of JP-8 logistic fuel. Since its invention in 1998, the LTA-SOFC has demonstrated the ability to operate on various carbonaceous fuels including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon, biomass, and coal without fuel reforming or reprocessing to remove known impurities such as sulfur. Natural gas fueled 1kW stand alone prototypes for distributed power generation and have previously demonstrated over 2000h of continuous operation. The aim is to develop simple and reliable portable power that operates directly off JP-8 and other carbonaceous fuels. The current program focuses on improvement of power density and cell manufacturability. Cell geometry was modified from the previous design to optimize power density while minimizing cell weight and volume. The cell construction is a liquid tin anode housed in a porous separator, an 8mol% yttria stabilized electrolyte, and a strontium doped lanthan...
New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient dra... more New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient drawing now dated 13,000-15,000 years old. The drawing was an Atlas of Heaven and Earth that contained astronomy, geography, weathering, calendars, and a stratified society. The atlas was seamlessly integrated with dualistic cosmology, religion, ideology, and philosophy. The atlas contained the-Five Divine Stars‖ of the Sun, the Moon, Rising Venus, Setting Venus, and Polar Star Vega in 12,000 BC. Its-Four Sacred Asterisms‖ on the ecliptic were the southern Bird, the northern Snake/Turtle, the western Big Cat, and the eastern Dragon. Since the atlas was created, the North Pole has turned 180 degrees on the circle of precession. In the east, there were mountains, monsoon, and thunder. In the west, an easterly running river drained a lake or lagoon into the sea. The atlas had several metaphors. Examples were Genesis of Seven Days Creation, Life Cycles, Andean Cross, later Mayan Eight-Sided Cross, and Chinese Yin Yang Eight Gua. Heaven was round, Earth was square, and the stratification of mankind was a mandate of the Creator. The two calendars had 13 months and four seasons. One of them was a Sidereal calendar with 365 days a year and used Antares for the start of a year and conjunctions with the moon. The other Solar Lunar Calendar had three Leap-Back‖ Months for alignment with the solar circle. Fu Xi (ca 5,324 BC) composed Chinese dualistic religion presumably based on its drawing. Its contents were also found in China, Japan, Korea, Incans, Mayans, etc., and to some degree in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, India, and Egypt. Its birthplace was assumed to be Paleolithic East Asia, but its exact location was unknown.
New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient dra... more New findings indicated that the Andean panel in the Inca Sun Temple was a relic of an ancient drawing now dated 13,000–15,000 years old. The drawing was an Atlas of Heaven and Earth that contained astronomy, geography, weathering, calendars, and a stratified society. The atlas was seamlessly integrated with dualistic cosmology, religion, ideology, and philosophy. The atlas contained the “Five Divine Stars” of the Sun, the Moon, Rising Venus, Setting Venus, and Polar Star Vega in 12,000 BC. Its “Four Sacred Asterisms” on the ecliptic were the southern Bird, the northern Snake/Turtle, the western Tiger, and the eastern Dragon. Since the atlas was created, the North Pole has turned 180 degrees on the circle of precession. In the east, there were mountains, monsoon, and thunder. In the west, an easterly running river drained a lake or lagoon into the sea. The atlas had several metaphors. Examples were Genesis of Seven Days Creation, Life Cycles, Andean Cross, later Mayan Eight-Sided Cross, and Chinese Yin Yang Eight Gua. Heaven was round, Earth was square, and the stratification of mankind was a mandate of the Creator. The two calendars had 13 months and four seasons. One of them was a Sidereal calendar with 365 days in a year and used Antares for the start of a year and conjunctions with the moon. The other Solar Lunar Calendar had three Leap “Back” Months for alignment with the solar circle. Fu Xi (ca 5,324 BC) composed Chinese dualistic religion based on its drawing. Its contents were also found in China, Japan, Koreas, Incans, Mayans, etc., and to some degree in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, India, and Egypt. Its birthplace was assumed to be in Paleolithic East Asia, but its exact location was unknown.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert the chemical energy stored in hydrocarbon fuels direct... more Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert the chemical energy stored in hydrocarbon fuels directly into electricity bypassing the many energy transfers that normally occur, (chemical→ heat (steam boiler)→ mechanical (turbine)→ electrical (generator)), when hydrocarbon fuels are combusted to produce electricity. CellTech Power has developed a liquid tin anode (LTA) SOFC that is not damaged by fuels that contain sulfur. This paper develops an analytical electrochemical impedance spectroscopy model from first principals for the the LTA-SOFC anode half cell. The model is in conjunction with experimental data to determine; the average Ohmic resistance, 8.81mΩ, average steady state concentration of tin oxide in liquid tin, 1.09E-9 mol/cm3, effective diffusion coefficient of tin oxide through liquid tin, 0.198 cm2/s, and the pre-exponential factor for the butler volmer equation 2.92E5 C*cm/mol/s.
This paper constitutes the study of the Sumerian inscription found on the obelisk of "Blau Monume... more This paper constitutes the study of the Sumerian inscription found on the obelisk of "Blau Monuments" 5,000 years of age. As a part of research undertaken on the Sumerians and ancient Chinese, the study indicates that those Sumerian proto-cuneiform characters are archaic Chinese. Now inscription on the obelisk is fully deciphered, translated, interpreted, and presented in detail in their native Chinese and highlighted in English as well. The study is based on Sumerian and ancient Chinese texts, the genealogy of Oracle Bone Scripts (1,200 BC), and the genealogy of cuneiform as well. The title of the Sumerian obelisk is revealed as "Spring Mansion". Its content appears to be a royal document of its two highest-ranking officers, the Queen, and a senior administrator. "Spring Mansion", the royal ministry of Ritual and Worship, is one of six administrative ministries of royal courts in ancient China.
This is a part of the multi-discipline study of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and ancient China. T... more This is a part of the multi-discipline study of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and ancient China. The author details that the earliest metrologies of weight, length, area, and volume, in the Sumerian and Neolithic Chinese systems, start with the smallest unit as “grain” which is still in use today. The “grain” is identified to be originated from one special type of millet called “Proso millet”, also known as “common millet”, not barley, wheat, corn, or rice though. This native crop has been cultivated in the Yellow River downstream since 8,000BC. The author further analyzes the full set of the Sumerian and ancient Chinese weights. After deciphering all of them, he finds them to be identical. For example, the smallest unit of “grain”, the Sumerian “three-barley” to be originally from Chinese ten common millets 圭Gui; the Sumerian shekel to be Chinese 丁Din meaning a rope wedge or nail; the Sumerian mina or pound, actually being two characters “ma” and “na” to be Chinese 斤Jin and 锤Chui, with their meanings to be a pick-ax and a wooden hammer respectively; the Sumerian talent to be Chinese 石Dan, meaning a weighing container initially for the royal payment of tax in form of grains. The author also demonstrates, simply by employing the weight of a single Proso millet, that he can derive and project the full set of weight units in both the Sumerian and Chinese sexagesimal metrology of weights. The projected weights match well with those found in the archeological sites and ancient texts. For example, the pickax weighs about 250 grams and the wooden hammer weighs about 220 grams in ancient Chinese weights, and their combined weight is about 470 grams. The Sumerian “mina” consists of a pickax and a hammer and weighs about 470 grams as well. The author concludes that the Sumerians and Chinese weights are the same with the Chinese being the origin. For example, the stone-headed pickax known as斤Jin in Chinese has been found in archeological ruins dated 4,000BC and its inscription of pictogram has also been found on pottery dated 3,500BC in the vicinity of the Yellow River downstream. Archeological ruins indicate the Chinese pickax predates the Sumerian pickax. When they are used as a weight unit, both are inscribed with identical pictograms and weigh the same 250 grams. Nevertheless, the author leaves much analysis of metrology of length and volume to future researchers to pursue. He also reminds that both the Sumerians and Chinese use the pictogram of “water well” as a unit for their land area or acreage, which is used in the ancient Chinese Well-Land System.
The author states that scholars have been fascinated by the similarity in ancient astronomy in di... more The author states that scholars have been fascinated by the similarity in ancient astronomy in different civilizations, for example, both the Sumerians and Chinese used Jupiter’s movement in deriving their zodiac of 12 constellations and used 360 degrees in describing the sky. The author has further revealed Chinese zodiac has three phases based on ancient texts and precession, characterized by its starting constellation, Yin 寅Sagittarius at ca 5300BC, Chou 丑Capricornus at ca 3000BC and Zi 子Aquarius at ca 700BC which is still in use today in China. The Sumerians inherited the Chinese zodiac of the second phase Chou Capricornus at ca 3000BC, so did the ancient Indians and the Egyptians via their mutual trades with the Sumerians. Capricornus was used as a telling sign of planting millet during 4000BC-3000BC in the Yellow River downstream, Qian Niu牵牛as a bull being led for plowing the field, however, Sumerians changed the “bull” to Taurus as Sun in the Vernal Equinox, instead of Chinese in the Winter Solstice. The author has also made a breakthrough by determining ancient Chinese started their sexagesimal calendar in 5324BC and their first phase zodiac of 12 constellations known as Yin 寅Sagittarius was already in place then, based on ancient texts and Jupiter’s solar circle, an astonishing discovery which has also been independently verified by another astronomical event based on precession that Chinese started their Phase One zodiac around 5300BC. The author has further demonstrated Chinese used the Left Pivotal Star known as Lota-Draconis today as their North Star at 5000BC and the Right Pivotal Star known as alpha-Draconis as their North Star at 3000BC. Recent archeological findings indicate the People of East had observed the North Star at 4400BC. Chinese astronomy has always been under strict state supervision and, according to our findings revealed in this book, is the oldest known, two thousand years older than the Sumerians. These ancient People of East developed the earliest astronomy and invented the earliest calendar for one practical purpose, to determine the precise dates of their brief planting of millet, which occurs at the end of May and the beginning of June at the northern latitude of 36 degrees. This is the precise reason why the first civilization was born to farmers of millet, not to cultivators of barley, wheat, corn, or rice in warmer climates at lower latitudes.
The integration of electronics into modern warfare has seen the creation of a niche market for po... more The integration of electronics into modern warfare has seen the creation of a niche market for portable power generators that run on military logistic fuel (JP-8). The 2 stage chemical/electrochemical reaction of the fuel on the anode side of the Liquid Tin Anode (LTA)-SOFC allows a range of carbonaceous fuels to be directly utilized at high efficiencies. However, the LTA-SOFC technology currently has a peak power density of 120 mW.cm-2 on JP-8. A better understanding of the anode side kinetics, thermodynamic, and transport properties would allow further optimization of this technology. A physics-based model of the LTA-SOFC was built. The model was initially developed for simple fuel before incorporation of heavy hydrocarbon fuels. This paper reports on the modeling efforts to date.
An unconventional high temperature fuel cell system, the liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (... more An unconventional high temperature fuel cell system, the liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC), is discussed. A thermodynamic analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell with a liquid metal anode is developed. Pertinent thermochemical and thermophysical properties of liquid tin in particular are detailed. An experimental setup for analysis of LTA-SOFC anode kinetics is described, and data for
A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC) is actively being developed for direct utiliz... more A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC) is actively being developed for direct utilization of JP-8 logistic fuel. Since its invention in 1998, the LTA-SOFC has demonstrated the ability to operate on various carbonaceous fuels including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon, biomass, and coal without fuel reforming or reprocessing to remove known impurities such as sulfur. Natural gas fueled 1kW stand alone prototypes for distributed power generation and have previously demonstrated over 2000h of continuous operation. The aim is to develop simple and reliable portable power that operates directly off JP-8 and other carbonaceous fuels. The current program focuses on improvement of power density and cell manufacturability. Cell geometry was modified from the previous design to optimize power density while minimizing cell weight and volume. The cell construction is a liquid tin anode housed in a porous separator, an 8mol% yttria stabilized electrolyte, and a strontium doped lanthan...
Author has explored, identified, and concluded the origin of our civilization and presented his s... more Author has explored, identified, and concluded the origin of our civilization and presented his stunning findings, largely original and unprecedented, by means of extensive multi-discipline studies of archaic Sumerians and neo-lithic Chinese. The written language, numerology and mathematics, metrology, calendar, astronomy and astrology, wheeling, a stratified society with specialized professions and centralized government etc. first emerged and matured in a special neo-lithic settlement at the northern latitude of 36 degrees where millet was cultivated, a crop requiring hot temperatures however with a brief planting season. From this river valley plain, its neo-lithic civilization spread to the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers valley, to the Nile River valley and the Indus River valley. This newly identified neo-lithic civilization (5400BC) is the earliest and predates the Mesopotamia Sumerians (ca3500BC) by two thousand years. And it is the neo-lithic Yellow River downstream of China where the Mesopotamia civilization originates from.
The author describes both the Sumerians and ancient Chinese used sexagesimal of sixty. Neolithic ... more The author describes both the Sumerians and ancient Chinese used sexagesimal of sixty. Neolithic Chinese invented four numbering systems, decimal of ten known as the Heavenly Trunk with its association with Goddess of Sun, duodecimal of twelve known as the Earthly Branch with its association with God of Jupiter, and sexagesimal of sixty known as Gan Zhi. The fourth system is octal of eight known as Eight Gua. Neolithic Chinese systems of ten, twelve, and sixty are the origin of the Sumerians Sexagesimal of sixty. Chinese Neolithic numbering systems are known to be intertwined with the earliest legends of China associated with the People of East who were millet farmers in the Yellow River Downstream. One of the most significant findings, the author presents in the book, is that the Chinese sexagesimal calendar starts in 5,324BC during the reign of Tai Hao. Tai Hao, the legendary Emperor of Heaven, is the first known emperor in Neolithic China. The sexagesimal calendar is still counting years in China today for some stunning 7,300 years. This new dating places the Chinese Sexagesimal calendar to be 2,000 years older than the Sumerians’ ca 3,500BC. This finding is made possible by using Jupiter’s solar circle and the astronomical events recorded in ancient Chinese texts, which is detailed in Chapter: Numerology and Chapter: Astronomy.
The author states that scholars have been fascinated by the similarity in ancient astronomy in di... more The author states that scholars have been fascinated by the similarity in ancient astronomy in different civilizations, for example, both the Sumerians and Chinese used Jupiter’s movement in deriving their zodiac of 12 constellations and used 360 degrees in describing the sky. The author has further revealed Chinese zodiac has three phases based on ancient texts and precession, characterized by its starting constellation, Yin 寅Sagittarius at ca 5300BC, Chou 丑Capricornus at ca 3000BC and Zi 子Aquarius at ca 700BC which is still in use today in China. The Sumerians inherited the Chinese zodiac of the second phase Chou Capricornus at ca 3000BC, so did the ancient Indians and the Egyptians via their mutual trades with the Sumerians. Capricornus was used as a telling sign of planting millet during 4000BC-3000BC in the Yellow River downstream, Qian Niu牵牛as a bull being led for plowing the field, however, Sumerians changed the “bull” to Taurus as Sun in the Vernal Equinox, instead of Chinese in the Winter Solstice. The author has also made a breakthrough by determining ancient Chinese started their sexagesimal calendar in 5324BC and their first phase zodiac of 12 constellations known as Yin 寅Sagittarius was already in place then, based on ancient texts and Jupiter’s solar circle, an astonishing discovery which has also been independently verified by another astronomical event based on precession that Chinese started their Phase One zodiac around 5300BC. The author has further demonstrated Chinese used the Left Pivotal Star known as Lota-Draconis today as their North Star at 5000BC and the Right Pivotal Star known as alpha-Draconis as their North Star at 3000BC. Recent archeological findings indicate the People of East had observed the North Star at 4400BC. Chinese astronomy has always been under strict state supervision and, according to our findings revealed in this book, is the oldest known, two thousand years older than the Sumerians. These ancient People of East developed the earliest astronomy and invented the earliest calendar for one practical purpose, to determine the precise dates of their brief planting of millet, which occurs at the end of May and the beginning of June at the northern latitude of 36 degrees. This is the precise reason why the first civilization was born to farmers of millet, not to cultivators of barley, wheat, corn, or rice in warmer climates at lower latitudes.
The Author has explored, identified, and concluded the origin of our civilization and presented h... more The Author has explored, identified, and concluded the origin of our civilization and presented his stunning findings, largely original and unprecedented, by means of extensive multi-discipline studies of archaic Sumerians and neolithic Chinese. The written language, numerology, and mathematics, metrology, calendar, astronomy and astrology, wheeling, a stratified society with specialized professions and centralized government, etc. first emerged and matured in a special neolithic settlement at the northern latitude of 36 degrees where millet was cultivated, a crop requiring hot temperatures however with a brief planting season. From this river valley plain, its neolithic civilization spread to the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers valley, to the Nile River valley, and the Indus River valley. This newly identified neolithic civilization (5400BC) is the earliest and predates the Mesopotamia Sumerians (ca3500BC) by two thousand years. And it is the neolithic Yellow River downstream of China where the Mesopotamia civilization originates including the written language.
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