Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are widely recognized and a few studies hav... more Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are widely recognized and a few studies have been conducted to determine its utility in the treatment of tuberculosis, with mixed results. This study was conducted to see if vitamin D supplementation in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Indian population contributed to sputum smear and culture conversion as well as the prevention of relapse.Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in three sites in India. HIV negative participants aged 15-60 years with sputum smear positive PTB were recruited according to the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program guidelines and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive standard anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) with either supplemental dose of oral vitamin D3 (60,000 IU/sachet weekly for first two months, fortnightly for next four months followed by monthly for the next 18 months) or placebo with same schedule. The primary outcome was...
Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired fun... more Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased propensity to death. Ageing is an actively regulated metabolic process. This wear and tear is the primary risk factor for major human pathologies including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Approximately worldwide 1 lakh people die each day of age related causes. Ageing, which we define as the time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms, has attracted inquisitiveness and excited imagination throughout the history of mankind. Nowadays, ageing is subjected to scientific analysis based on the ever-expanding familiarity of the molecular and cellular basis of life and disease as specific genes have been recognized that regulate ageing. The time-dependent accretion of cellular damage is widely considered the general cause of ageing. In this study we tried to exemplify few parameters which regulates ageing an...
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ... more Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLHA) enrolled from antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers located in three different cities in India – Delhi, Pune and Kolkata, and were followed up at six monthly intervals monitoring the WHO stage, CD4 counts, complete blood counts and liver and kidney function tests, for a duration of three years. The incidence of mortality among HIV/AIDS patients on ART was 5·0 per 1000 patient years (21/1410, 1.4%). Age at initiation of ART being above 35 years was the only significant predictor of mortality (log rank p = 0·018). Multivariable analysis showed significant association of an unfavourable outcome (defined as mortality or development of opportunistic infection during follow-up) with male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.26, p = 
Objective: To find the correlation between neck pain and handgrip strength among male and female ... more Objective: To find the correlation between neck pain and handgrip strength among male and female dentists separately. Background: Dentists are more prone to repetitive strain injury and work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Handgrip is the functional unit of dentists, used to hold instruments firmly as slight movement in instrumentation while doing their job may affect patient badly. Muscles of handgrip are supplied by cervical nerves. Dentist while doing their job put more strain on neck for prolonged period of time and this leads to acute pain in neck which if prolonged becomes chronic. This is one of the reason to make them leave the job. Methodology: 40 dentists were observed, who were suffering from pain in neck since few months (out of which 25 female and 15 male). Their ages ranged from 23 to 26 years with no medical history of trauma. Pain intensity was determined by visual analog scale (VAS) and handgrip strength was measured using standard adjustable handgrip dyna...
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a type of breathing disorder with upper airway obstru... more Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a type of breathing disorder with upper airway obstruction, leading to oxy-haemoglobin desaturations and sleep disturbance. However awareness regarding various anthropometric parameters used to analyse OSA syndrome pre-clinically is inadequate. In developing nations, like India, resources are not adequate for analysis of sleep disturbances. That is why the prevalence and validity of various anthropometric parameters including neck circumference, Body mass index and waist circumference to be established and verified regularly. We have also seen the data from oral aspect and its anomalies. Various articles from Pubmed, scopus, google scholar were searched for data. These body measurements may provide pre-clinical aspect of OSA, whether it is present or not. Discussion was done on these anthropometric parameters and which parameter is gold standard for the pre-clinical investigations.
Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are widely recognized and a few studies hav... more Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are widely recognized and a few studies have been conducted to determine its utility in the treatment of tuberculosis, with mixed results. This study was conducted to see if vitamin D supplementation in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Indian population contributed to sputum smear and culture conversion as well as the prevention of relapse.Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in three sites in India. HIV negative participants aged 15-60 years with sputum smear positive PTB were recruited according to the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program guidelines and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive standard anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) with either supplemental dose of oral vitamin D3 (60,000 IU/sachet weekly for first two months, fortnightly for next four months followed by monthly for the next 18 months) or placebo with same schedule. The primary outcome was...
Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired fun... more Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased propensity to death. Ageing is an actively regulated metabolic process. This wear and tear is the primary risk factor for major human pathologies including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Approximately worldwide 1 lakh people die each day of age related causes. Ageing, which we define as the time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms, has attracted inquisitiveness and excited imagination throughout the history of mankind. Nowadays, ageing is subjected to scientific analysis based on the ever-expanding familiarity of the molecular and cellular basis of life and disease as specific genes have been recognized that regulate ageing. The time-dependent accretion of cellular damage is widely considered the general cause of ageing. In this study we tried to exemplify few parameters which regulates ageing an...
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ... more Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLHA) enrolled from antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers located in three different cities in India – Delhi, Pune and Kolkata, and were followed up at six monthly intervals monitoring the WHO stage, CD4 counts, complete blood counts and liver and kidney function tests, for a duration of three years. The incidence of mortality among HIV/AIDS patients on ART was 5·0 per 1000 patient years (21/1410, 1.4%). Age at initiation of ART being above 35 years was the only significant predictor of mortality (log rank p = 0·018). Multivariable analysis showed significant association of an unfavourable outcome (defined as mortality or development of opportunistic infection during follow-up) with male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.26, p = 
Objective: To find the correlation between neck pain and handgrip strength among male and female ... more Objective: To find the correlation between neck pain and handgrip strength among male and female dentists separately. Background: Dentists are more prone to repetitive strain injury and work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Handgrip is the functional unit of dentists, used to hold instruments firmly as slight movement in instrumentation while doing their job may affect patient badly. Muscles of handgrip are supplied by cervical nerves. Dentist while doing their job put more strain on neck for prolonged period of time and this leads to acute pain in neck which if prolonged becomes chronic. This is one of the reason to make them leave the job. Methodology: 40 dentists were observed, who were suffering from pain in neck since few months (out of which 25 female and 15 male). Their ages ranged from 23 to 26 years with no medical history of trauma. Pain intensity was determined by visual analog scale (VAS) and handgrip strength was measured using standard adjustable handgrip dyna...
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a type of breathing disorder with upper airway obstru... more Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a type of breathing disorder with upper airway obstruction, leading to oxy-haemoglobin desaturations and sleep disturbance. However awareness regarding various anthropometric parameters used to analyse OSA syndrome pre-clinically is inadequate. In developing nations, like India, resources are not adequate for analysis of sleep disturbances. That is why the prevalence and validity of various anthropometric parameters including neck circumference, Body mass index and waist circumference to be established and verified regularly. We have also seen the data from oral aspect and its anomalies. Various articles from Pubmed, scopus, google scholar were searched for data. These body measurements may provide pre-clinical aspect of OSA, whether it is present or not. Discussion was done on these anthropometric parameters and which parameter is gold standard for the pre-clinical investigations.
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