Nano Sensors are sensing devices with a dimension of less than or equal to 100nm. They are incred... more Nano Sensors are sensing devices with a dimension of less than or equal to 100nm. They are incredibly tiny devices that transform physical, chemical, or biological substances into detectable signals. Because of this device's capacity to detect physical and chemical changes, nanotechnology has emerged as a technology of choice in a variety of industries. The device provides efficient and cost-effective methods for detecting and measuring chemical and physical characteristics. This overview discusses the status of Nano Sensors, as well as their accomplishments and potential applications toward downstream targets in medical, security, agriculture as well in Covid-19 detection. The paper provides a summary and critical analysis of various architectures (structures) employed in the development and use of Nano Sensors. Surface engineering is used to generate diverse chemistries for both general and specialised purposes. We derived fresh findings from available data on the mechanism, prospective development of various structures, approaches, and applications, and highlighted the contrasts and similarities in their characteristics and working processes. The review further summarized ability and future expected of this sensor in dealing with the various challenges where different nano sensors, types, fabrication techniques and applications with highlighted novelties of these techniques and applications are presented.
International Journal of Applied Chemistry, Jan 5, 2012
A simple design for a microfluidic flow system for use in reacting assays with limited sample ava... more A simple design for a microfluidic flow system for use in reacting assays with limited sample availability has been proposed and analyzed using COMSOL 3.5 Multiphysics simulation. The design is based on differential pressure drop flow using capillary effect concept which has facilitated a number of interesting flow phenomena in micro-domains. For an average pressure drop of about 100/m in the setup, flow rates of about 0.7 to 1 μl/s were obtained. The component consists of a microchannel, three designs were tested (10, 20, 30microns in width) to give a continuous, open circuit flow. The system has been designed for continuous flow across sensing element where there is a requirement for low residence time due to fast reaction/diffusion rates.
Rice is being increasingly exposed to inorganic arsenic and this affects half of the world popula... more Rice is being increasingly exposed to inorganic arsenic and this affects half of the world population because they are rice consumers. In this study, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of two dose-dependent nanomaterials (silica and graphene) treatment on varied arsenic levels (2, 7 and 12 mg/kg). The results showed that both nanomaterials were affected significantly with 1 mg/mL of nanomaterial. Arsenic adversely affected the plant height, tillering, number of grains, and grain weight and when high concentrations of arsenic were applied at 12 mg/kg, the plant could not withstand it and died before 75 days even in the presence of graphene. Based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, silica nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition on the total accumulation of arsenic as 93% (control plant), 84% (2 mg/kg), 67% (7 mg/kg) to 35 % (12 mg/kg), whereas graphene showed lower inhibition percentages. This outcome confirms that silica nanoparticle...
International journal of engineering trends and technology, Mar 25, 2017
Landfill leachate is generally known as highstrength wastewater that is highly difficult to handl... more Landfill leachate is generally known as highstrength wastewater that is highly difficult to handle and contains extracted dissolved matter and suspended matter. This study presents the removal of the leachate components such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were designed to treat landfill leachate; three anodes were tested in the MFC reactor: black carbon, activated carbon, and zinc electrodes. Movements in the MFC reactor during treatment were a key factor for testing. Thus, the system was operated in different modes: static and dynamic. Both modes showed a difference in the ammonia level of the three anodes used. This study compared the static and dynamic modes of the MFC in removing ammonia. The continuous reactor movement could increase the rate of ammonia component removal. The reactor also provided a viable condition for maximum removal. The reactor movement caused the sludge to disintegrate and enabled the ammonia to separate easily from the parent leachate. This paper presents the results of leachate treatment analysis from the solid waste landfill located in Padang Siding Landfill, Perlis. Ammonia removal was enhanced using different types of electrodes. In both modes, activated carbon provided better performance than black carbon and zinc. The percentages of leachate components removal for activated carbon zinc and black carbon with dynamic mode was generally higher over static mode. The final values of the ammonia, COD, BOD and TSS, were 13 mg/l (97.66% removal), 125 mg/l (96.45% removal), 249mg/l (77.98 % removal) and 106mg/l (42.20% removal) respectively.
The study presents an investigation into the effect of chitosan-CNT modification of silicon nanow... more The study presents an investigation into the effect of chitosan-CNT modification of silicon nanowire on DNA binding chemistry for the perfect attachment of ssDNA adhesion. MWCNT were purified through refluxing in concentrated HNO3 (V/V, 1:1) mixture for 2 hours at 55°C mixture of MWCNT-chitosan solution was prepared first immobilized on the Si surface. The surface was characterized by UV-vis measurement, Scanning Electrons microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs) and series of electrical test were conducted to investigate the effect of MWCNT-chitosan concentration on the performance of the surface binding chemistry with Si-wire and chitosan-CNT modified. The results showed that the chitosan-CNT modification produced good probe adhesion and improve electrical properties. the took the advantage of CNTs with –COOH groups on silicon nanowire dispersed among chitosan containing –NH2 groups due to the peptide bonds formed between –COOH and –NH2 and due nanowire large surface area-to-...
Optimum flow in micro channel for sensing purpose is challenging. In this study, The optimization... more Optimum flow in micro channel for sensing purpose is challenging. In this study, The optimizations of the fluid sample flows are made through the design and characterization of the novel microfluidics’ architectures to achieve the optimal flow rate in the micro channels. The biocompatibility of the Polydimetylsiloxane (Sylgard 184 silicon elastomer) polymer used to fabricate the device offers avenue for the device to be implemented as the universal fluidic delivery system for bio-molecules sensing in various bio-medical applications. The study uses the following methodological approaches, designing a novel microfluidics’ architectures by integrating the devices on a single 4 inches silicon substrate, fabricating the designed microfluidic devices using low-cost solution soft lithography technique, characterizing and validating the flow throughput of urine samples in the micro channels by generating pressure gradients through the devices’ inlets. The characterization on the urine samples flow in the micro c...
Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degenerat... more Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degeneration in the brain, resulting in a variety of symptoms and are not treatable with drugs. Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal cerebral dyskinesia (SCA), spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) (ALS), pantothenate kinase-related neurodegeneration, and TDP-43 protein disorder are examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Dementia is caused by the loss of brain and spinal cord nerve cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Background: Even though environmental and genetic predispositions have also been involved in the process, redox metal abuse plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration since the preponderance of symptoms originates from abnormal metal metabolism. Method: Hence, this review investigates several neurodegenerative diseases that may occur symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease to understand the differences and similarities between Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders based on reviewing previously published papers. Results: Based on the findings, the aggregation of alpha-synuclein occurs in Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other neurodegenerative diseases occur with different protein aggregation or mutations. Conclusion: We can conclude that Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, and Dementia with Lewy bodies are closely related. Therefore, researchers must distinguish among the three diseases to avoid misdiagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy and Dementia with Lewy bodies with Parkinson's disease symptoms.
: Heavy metals ions are ions which generally occupied most part water sources such river, sea and... more : Heavy metals ions are ions which generally occupied most part water sources such river, sea and other water flow channels such as drainage, water pipe. The exist of the ions in drinking water traces have called the attention researchers due to the recent discovery of the ions problem in both human health and aquatic animal such as fish. Fish come and encounter heavy metals ions in the river and ingest it and subsequently this fish eaten by man. The ions will pass to human and attack some human orgains. Finding the reliable solution to detect traces of heavy metals ions in water is a promising approach to eliminate such problems. This research aim is to enhance detection of heavy sensors, for sensor technology industry using the fabricated MTES surface-modified silicon interdigitated electrode to detect arsenic ion in water, The device was fabricated using conventional photolithography process coupled with deep RIE etching. The fabricated devices was modified surface and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and high-power microscopy. The electrical analysis by applying voltage to measure the device response to the surface modification step and subsequently against arsenic ion as it bonded to the device via MPTES, various MTES concentrations distinguished against the bare device and arsenic concentration. Based on current and voltage analysis, concentration-dependent results were obtained, the detection limit for surface modified IDE to the arsenic detection was 20 pM with the linear response behaviour to the concentration, Thus, with this wonderful detection limits, the devices high high-performance characteristic by selectively distinguish arsenic ions against other foreign elements in the water.
Silicon nanowires have attracted attention as basis for reconfigurable electronics. However, as t... more Silicon nanowires have attracted attention as basis for reconfigurable electronics. However, as the size decreases, the electronic properties of the nanowires vary as a result of confinement, strain and crystal topology effects. Thus, at the thin diameter regime the band gap of Silicon nanowires can no longer be derived from a simple extrapolation of the isotropic bulk behaviour. This study compares band gap parameters in sub 10nm nanowires obtained from first-principles density-functional band structure calculations with extrapolations using continuum theory in order to rationalize the changes of the overall conductance, resistance and band gap. The device consists of silicon nanowire of size between 1 nm to 6nm. The results indicate an increase of, both the energy gap and the resistance along with reduced conductivity for the thinnest wires and a dependence on the crystal orientation with gaps reaching up to 4.3 eV along <111>, 4.0 eV along <110>, and 3.7 along <100>.
Nano Sensors are sensing devices with a dimension of less than or equal to 100nm. They are incred... more Nano Sensors are sensing devices with a dimension of less than or equal to 100nm. They are incredibly tiny devices that transform physical, chemical, or biological substances into detectable signals. Because of this device's capacity to detect physical and chemical changes, nanotechnology has emerged as a technology of choice in a variety of industries. The device provides efficient and cost-effective methods for detecting and measuring chemical and physical characteristics. This overview discusses the status of Nano Sensors, as well as their accomplishments and potential applications toward downstream targets in medical, security, agriculture as well in Covid-19 detection. The paper provides a summary and critical analysis of various architectures (structures) employed in the development and use of Nano Sensors. Surface engineering is used to generate diverse chemistries for both general and specialised purposes. We derived fresh findings from available data on the mechanism, prospective development of various structures, approaches, and applications, and highlighted the contrasts and similarities in their characteristics and working processes. The review further summarized ability and future expected of this sensor in dealing with the various challenges where different nano sensors, types, fabrication techniques and applications with highlighted novelties of these techniques and applications are presented.
International Journal of Applied Chemistry, Jan 5, 2012
A simple design for a microfluidic flow system for use in reacting assays with limited sample ava... more A simple design for a microfluidic flow system for use in reacting assays with limited sample availability has been proposed and analyzed using COMSOL 3.5 Multiphysics simulation. The design is based on differential pressure drop flow using capillary effect concept which has facilitated a number of interesting flow phenomena in micro-domains. For an average pressure drop of about 100/m in the setup, flow rates of about 0.7 to 1 μl/s were obtained. The component consists of a microchannel, three designs were tested (10, 20, 30microns in width) to give a continuous, open circuit flow. The system has been designed for continuous flow across sensing element where there is a requirement for low residence time due to fast reaction/diffusion rates.
Rice is being increasingly exposed to inorganic arsenic and this affects half of the world popula... more Rice is being increasingly exposed to inorganic arsenic and this affects half of the world population because they are rice consumers. In this study, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of two dose-dependent nanomaterials (silica and graphene) treatment on varied arsenic levels (2, 7 and 12 mg/kg). The results showed that both nanomaterials were affected significantly with 1 mg/mL of nanomaterial. Arsenic adversely affected the plant height, tillering, number of grains, and grain weight and when high concentrations of arsenic were applied at 12 mg/kg, the plant could not withstand it and died before 75 days even in the presence of graphene. Based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, silica nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition on the total accumulation of arsenic as 93% (control plant), 84% (2 mg/kg), 67% (7 mg/kg) to 35 % (12 mg/kg), whereas graphene showed lower inhibition percentages. This outcome confirms that silica nanoparticle...
International journal of engineering trends and technology, Mar 25, 2017
Landfill leachate is generally known as highstrength wastewater that is highly difficult to handl... more Landfill leachate is generally known as highstrength wastewater that is highly difficult to handle and contains extracted dissolved matter and suspended matter. This study presents the removal of the leachate components such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were designed to treat landfill leachate; three anodes were tested in the MFC reactor: black carbon, activated carbon, and zinc electrodes. Movements in the MFC reactor during treatment were a key factor for testing. Thus, the system was operated in different modes: static and dynamic. Both modes showed a difference in the ammonia level of the three anodes used. This study compared the static and dynamic modes of the MFC in removing ammonia. The continuous reactor movement could increase the rate of ammonia component removal. The reactor also provided a viable condition for maximum removal. The reactor movement caused the sludge to disintegrate and enabled the ammonia to separate easily from the parent leachate. This paper presents the results of leachate treatment analysis from the solid waste landfill located in Padang Siding Landfill, Perlis. Ammonia removal was enhanced using different types of electrodes. In both modes, activated carbon provided better performance than black carbon and zinc. The percentages of leachate components removal for activated carbon zinc and black carbon with dynamic mode was generally higher over static mode. The final values of the ammonia, COD, BOD and TSS, were 13 mg/l (97.66% removal), 125 mg/l (96.45% removal), 249mg/l (77.98 % removal) and 106mg/l (42.20% removal) respectively.
The study presents an investigation into the effect of chitosan-CNT modification of silicon nanow... more The study presents an investigation into the effect of chitosan-CNT modification of silicon nanowire on DNA binding chemistry for the perfect attachment of ssDNA adhesion. MWCNT were purified through refluxing in concentrated HNO3 (V/V, 1:1) mixture for 2 hours at 55°C mixture of MWCNT-chitosan solution was prepared first immobilized on the Si surface. The surface was characterized by UV-vis measurement, Scanning Electrons microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs) and series of electrical test were conducted to investigate the effect of MWCNT-chitosan concentration on the performance of the surface binding chemistry with Si-wire and chitosan-CNT modified. The results showed that the chitosan-CNT modification produced good probe adhesion and improve electrical properties. the took the advantage of CNTs with –COOH groups on silicon nanowire dispersed among chitosan containing –NH2 groups due to the peptide bonds formed between –COOH and –NH2 and due nanowire large surface area-to-...
Optimum flow in micro channel for sensing purpose is challenging. In this study, The optimization... more Optimum flow in micro channel for sensing purpose is challenging. In this study, The optimizations of the fluid sample flows are made through the design and characterization of the novel microfluidics’ architectures to achieve the optimal flow rate in the micro channels. The biocompatibility of the Polydimetylsiloxane (Sylgard 184 silicon elastomer) polymer used to fabricate the device offers avenue for the device to be implemented as the universal fluidic delivery system for bio-molecules sensing in various bio-medical applications. The study uses the following methodological approaches, designing a novel microfluidics’ architectures by integrating the devices on a single 4 inches silicon substrate, fabricating the designed microfluidic devices using low-cost solution soft lithography technique, characterizing and validating the flow throughput of urine samples in the micro channels by generating pressure gradients through the devices’ inlets. The characterization on the urine samples flow in the micro c...
Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degenerat... more Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degeneration in the brain, resulting in a variety of symptoms and are not treatable with drugs. Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal cerebral dyskinesia (SCA), spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) (ALS), pantothenate kinase-related neurodegeneration, and TDP-43 protein disorder are examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Dementia is caused by the loss of brain and spinal cord nerve cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Background: Even though environmental and genetic predispositions have also been involved in the process, redox metal abuse plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration since the preponderance of symptoms originates from abnormal metal metabolism. Method: Hence, this review investigates several neurodegenerative diseases that may occur symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease to understand the differences and similarities between Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders based on reviewing previously published papers. Results: Based on the findings, the aggregation of alpha-synuclein occurs in Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other neurodegenerative diseases occur with different protein aggregation or mutations. Conclusion: We can conclude that Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, and Dementia with Lewy bodies are closely related. Therefore, researchers must distinguish among the three diseases to avoid misdiagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy and Dementia with Lewy bodies with Parkinson's disease symptoms.
: Heavy metals ions are ions which generally occupied most part water sources such river, sea and... more : Heavy metals ions are ions which generally occupied most part water sources such river, sea and other water flow channels such as drainage, water pipe. The exist of the ions in drinking water traces have called the attention researchers due to the recent discovery of the ions problem in both human health and aquatic animal such as fish. Fish come and encounter heavy metals ions in the river and ingest it and subsequently this fish eaten by man. The ions will pass to human and attack some human orgains. Finding the reliable solution to detect traces of heavy metals ions in water is a promising approach to eliminate such problems. This research aim is to enhance detection of heavy sensors, for sensor technology industry using the fabricated MTES surface-modified silicon interdigitated electrode to detect arsenic ion in water, The device was fabricated using conventional photolithography process coupled with deep RIE etching. The fabricated devices was modified surface and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and high-power microscopy. The electrical analysis by applying voltage to measure the device response to the surface modification step and subsequently against arsenic ion as it bonded to the device via MPTES, various MTES concentrations distinguished against the bare device and arsenic concentration. Based on current and voltage analysis, concentration-dependent results were obtained, the detection limit for surface modified IDE to the arsenic detection was 20 pM with the linear response behaviour to the concentration, Thus, with this wonderful detection limits, the devices high high-performance characteristic by selectively distinguish arsenic ions against other foreign elements in the water.
Silicon nanowires have attracted attention as basis for reconfigurable electronics. However, as t... more Silicon nanowires have attracted attention as basis for reconfigurable electronics. However, as the size decreases, the electronic properties of the nanowires vary as a result of confinement, strain and crystal topology effects. Thus, at the thin diameter regime the band gap of Silicon nanowires can no longer be derived from a simple extrapolation of the isotropic bulk behaviour. This study compares band gap parameters in sub 10nm nanowires obtained from first-principles density-functional band structure calculations with extrapolations using continuum theory in order to rationalize the changes of the overall conductance, resistance and band gap. The device consists of silicon nanowire of size between 1 nm to 6nm. The results indicate an increase of, both the energy gap and the resistance along with reduced conductivity for the thinnest wires and a dependence on the crystal orientation with gaps reaching up to 4.3 eV along <111>, 4.0 eV along <110>, and 3.7 along <100>.
Uploads
Papers by Tijjani Adam