Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in de... more Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where 80 % of the disease cases are attributed to inadequate sanitation and use of polluted water. The inaccessibility of potable water to large segment of a population in the rural communities is the major health concern in most part of developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological qualities of drinking water of different sources in the study area. Methods The study was conducted at Serbo town and selected kebeles around the same town in Kersa district of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study populations were gathered using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Standard microbiological methods were employed for determination of bacterial load and detection of coliforms. Physico-chemical analyses [including total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS...
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Prevalence of plasmodium species with respect to seasonal variation... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Prevalence of plasmodium species with respect to seasonal variation at Asendabo Health Center, (January, 2007â August, 2016).
Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the ... more Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the global malaria elimination goals. In Ethiopia, too, all concerned bodies have given attention to this mission as one of their priority areas so that malaria would be eradicated from the country. Despite the success stories from some areas in the country, however, malaria is still a major public health concern in most parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at analysing the changing malaria trend and assessing the impact of malaria control efforts in one of the malaria endemic regions of Ethiopia. Methods Five years data on clinical malaria cases diagnosed and treated at all health facilities (including 28 Health Centres, 105 Health Posts and 2 Hospitals) in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, were reviewed for the period from June 2014 to June 2019. Data on different interventional activities undertaken in the zone during the specified period were obtained fro...
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Risk of bias assessment graph (a) and summary (b) of studies on in vi... more Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Risk of bias assessment graph (a) and summary (b) of studies on in vivo efficacy of antimalarial drugs against P. vivax malaria in Ethiopia
Checklist 1. PRISMA-IPD. Box 1. Search strategy. Table S1. Studies included in the analysis. Tabl... more Checklist 1. PRISMA-IPD. Box 1. Search strategy. Table S1. Studies included in the analysis. Table S2. Reasons for studies not being included in the analysis. Table S3. Studies targeted for the analysis but not included. Table S4. Country of origin and background prevalence of G6PD deficiency in patients with unknown G6PD status. Table S5. Planned primaquine regimens. Figure S1. Study sites for clinical trials. Table S6. Demographics, baseline characteristics and baseline haemoglobin measurements of G6PD normal patients. Table S7. Demographics, baseline characteristics and baseline haemoglobin measurements of patients with unknown G6PD status. Table S8. Comparison of baseline characteristics between included and targeted studies. Table S9. Risk factors for baseline anaemia (Hb 25% leading to development of severe anaemia (Hb 5 g/dL during the first 42 days. Figure S4. Mean haemoglobin versus time profile for patients with or without delayed parasite clearance. Table S14. Unadjusted ...
Additional file 3: Table S3 . Correlations among measured parameters of water samples from five d... more Additional file 3: Table S3 . Correlations among measured parameters of water samples from five different water sources, Serbo town and its surroundings, 2012.
Additional file 2: Table S2 . The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella in drinking water samples... more Additional file 2: Table S2 . The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella in drinking water samples, Serbo town and its surroundings, 2012 (n = 3 for each sample sites).
Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in de... more Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where 80 % of the disease cases are attributed to inadequate sanitation and use of polluted water. The inaccessibility of potable water to large segment of a population in the rural communities is the major health concern in most part of developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological qualities of drinking water of different sources in the study area. Methods The study was conducted at Serbo town and selected kebeles around the same town in Kersa district of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study populations were gathered using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Standard microbiological methods were employed for determination of bacterial load and detection of coliforms. Physico-chemical analyses [including total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS...
Quorum sensing is the phenomenon through which the release and accumulation of signaling molecule... more Quorum sensing is the phenomenon through which the release and accumulation of signaling molecules enable bacteria and social insects to communicate and coordinate with each other. Communication is the most important tool to exchange information (idea) between any living organisms. Organisms can make decision easily about their cells (population) via communication. Bacteria can regulate a diverse range of physiological activities including symbiosis, virulence, competence, drug resistance, conjugation, defense, antibiotic production, motility, biofilm formation and sporulation through Quorum sensing mechanism. The quorum sensing condition in bacteria is a population density dependent process. Besides bacteria social insects (like ants and honey bees) also use Quorum sensing in making decision about their new nesting sites. In contrast various enzymes and chemical substances have been studied for their potential to inhibit Quorum sensing pathways in bacteria. They are known as quorum...
Currently, the efficacies of antimicrobials have been threatened due to the development of resist... more Currently, the efficacies of antimicrobials have been threatened due to the development of resistance to antibiotics by some microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented products, may act as reservoir of antimicrobial resistance-genes that could be transferred to pathogens, either in the food matrix or in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current resistance or susceptibility patterns of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Ergo served in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 57 isolates of LAB were identified to genus level following standard microbiological techniques. In this study, all 57 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented Ergo samples were evaluated for their antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of six pre-determined antibiotic discs (Oxoid) were used and the sensitivity tests were done following the modified standard Kirby –Bauer procedure. All the 57 tested lactic acid bacteria isolates were s...
Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment of studies on in vivo eff... more Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment of studies on in vivo efficacy of antimalarial drugs against clinical P. vivax malaria in Ethiopia.
Mobile phones are increasingly being used by all people in day to day life. However, they are fou... more Mobile phones are increasingly being used by all people in day to day life. However, they are found suitable breeding grounds for various pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to determine the growth potential and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Collection of mobile phone cotton swab samples and laboratory based microbiological analysis was used as the study design. A total of 188 mobile phones were sampled from food handlers and health care workers. The growth potential of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolated from mobile phones was assessed in various food items. The results have shown that Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers were found growing to their infective dose within 12 to 18 h in the sampled food items. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibilit...
Well waters could be polluted with fecal materials due to inadequate protection, depth of wells, ... more Well waters could be polluted with fecal materials due to inadequate protection, depth of wells, distance and position relative to latrine house, unhygienic practice at the source and poor environmental sanitation. The objectives of this study were to assess the current bacteriological safety of well waters being used for drinking and other domestic uses; and also to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial species isolated from some of the wells in Jimma town, southwestern Ethiopia. Accordingly, bacteriological quality and safety, as well as physico-chemical properties of water samples collected from 30 purposively selected wells were assessed following the standard microbiological methods. Pure isolates were characterized to species level using API 20 E kit and evaluated for resistance patterns towards ten antimicrobial agents being used for human medication. The finding of the study showed that the mean pH (6.64- 6.8) of all the studied well water samples was ...
BACK GROUND: Traditionally, fruit products have been regarded as microbiologically safer than oth... more BACK GROUND: Traditionally, fruit products have been regarded as microbiologically safer than other unprocessed foods. However, many outbreaks of human infections have been associated with the consumption of contaminated fruit juices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological safety and quality of fruit juices being served in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microbiological safety of different fruit juices being served in cafés/ restaurants in Jimma town were assessed based on the isolates API-20E (Analytical Profile Index used to test for twenty substrates to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae) profile from February, 2005 to July, 2006. A total of 90 samples (30 samples each for avocado, papaya and pine-apple), collected from six randomly selected cafés and/or restaurants in Jimma town, were analyzed. In addition, some physicochemical parameters of the juices, such as pH and Titratable acidity were determined following standard procedur...
Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in de... more Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where 80 % of the disease cases are attributed to inadequate sanitation and use of polluted water. The inaccessibility of potable water to large segment of a population in the rural communities is the major health concern in most part of developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological qualities of drinking water of different sources in the study area. Methods The study was conducted at Serbo town and selected kebeles around the same town in Kersa district of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study populations were gathered using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Standard microbiological methods were employed for determination of bacterial load and detection of coliforms. Physico-chemical analyses [including total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS...
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Prevalence of plasmodium species with respect to seasonal variation... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Prevalence of plasmodium species with respect to seasonal variation at Asendabo Health Center, (January, 2007â August, 2016).
Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the ... more Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the global malaria elimination goals. In Ethiopia, too, all concerned bodies have given attention to this mission as one of their priority areas so that malaria would be eradicated from the country. Despite the success stories from some areas in the country, however, malaria is still a major public health concern in most parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at analysing the changing malaria trend and assessing the impact of malaria control efforts in one of the malaria endemic regions of Ethiopia. Methods Five years data on clinical malaria cases diagnosed and treated at all health facilities (including 28 Health Centres, 105 Health Posts and 2 Hospitals) in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, were reviewed for the period from June 2014 to June 2019. Data on different interventional activities undertaken in the zone during the specified period were obtained fro...
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Risk of bias assessment graph (a) and summary (b) of studies on in vi... more Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Risk of bias assessment graph (a) and summary (b) of studies on in vivo efficacy of antimalarial drugs against P. vivax malaria in Ethiopia
Checklist 1. PRISMA-IPD. Box 1. Search strategy. Table S1. Studies included in the analysis. Tabl... more Checklist 1. PRISMA-IPD. Box 1. Search strategy. Table S1. Studies included in the analysis. Table S2. Reasons for studies not being included in the analysis. Table S3. Studies targeted for the analysis but not included. Table S4. Country of origin and background prevalence of G6PD deficiency in patients with unknown G6PD status. Table S5. Planned primaquine regimens. Figure S1. Study sites for clinical trials. Table S6. Demographics, baseline characteristics and baseline haemoglobin measurements of G6PD normal patients. Table S7. Demographics, baseline characteristics and baseline haemoglobin measurements of patients with unknown G6PD status. Table S8. Comparison of baseline characteristics between included and targeted studies. Table S9. Risk factors for baseline anaemia (Hb 25% leading to development of severe anaemia (Hb 5 g/dL during the first 42 days. Figure S4. Mean haemoglobin versus time profile for patients with or without delayed parasite clearance. Table S14. Unadjusted ...
Additional file 3: Table S3 . Correlations among measured parameters of water samples from five d... more Additional file 3: Table S3 . Correlations among measured parameters of water samples from five different water sources, Serbo town and its surroundings, 2012.
Additional file 2: Table S2 . The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella in drinking water samples... more Additional file 2: Table S2 . The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella in drinking water samples, Serbo town and its surroundings, 2012 (n = 3 for each sample sites).
Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in de... more Background The quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where 80 % of the disease cases are attributed to inadequate sanitation and use of polluted water. The inaccessibility of potable water to large segment of a population in the rural communities is the major health concern in most part of developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological qualities of drinking water of different sources in the study area. Methods The study was conducted at Serbo town and selected kebeles around the same town in Kersa district of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study populations were gathered using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Standard microbiological methods were employed for determination of bacterial load and detection of coliforms. Physico-chemical analyses [including total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS...
Quorum sensing is the phenomenon through which the release and accumulation of signaling molecule... more Quorum sensing is the phenomenon through which the release and accumulation of signaling molecules enable bacteria and social insects to communicate and coordinate with each other. Communication is the most important tool to exchange information (idea) between any living organisms. Organisms can make decision easily about their cells (population) via communication. Bacteria can regulate a diverse range of physiological activities including symbiosis, virulence, competence, drug resistance, conjugation, defense, antibiotic production, motility, biofilm formation and sporulation through Quorum sensing mechanism. The quorum sensing condition in bacteria is a population density dependent process. Besides bacteria social insects (like ants and honey bees) also use Quorum sensing in making decision about their new nesting sites. In contrast various enzymes and chemical substances have been studied for their potential to inhibit Quorum sensing pathways in bacteria. They are known as quorum...
Currently, the efficacies of antimicrobials have been threatened due to the development of resist... more Currently, the efficacies of antimicrobials have been threatened due to the development of resistance to antibiotics by some microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented products, may act as reservoir of antimicrobial resistance-genes that could be transferred to pathogens, either in the food matrix or in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current resistance or susceptibility patterns of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Ergo served in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 57 isolates of LAB were identified to genus level following standard microbiological techniques. In this study, all 57 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented Ergo samples were evaluated for their antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of six pre-determined antibiotic discs (Oxoid) were used and the sensitivity tests were done following the modified standard Kirby –Bauer procedure. All the 57 tested lactic acid bacteria isolates were s...
Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment of studies on in vivo eff... more Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment of studies on in vivo efficacy of antimalarial drugs against clinical P. vivax malaria in Ethiopia.
Mobile phones are increasingly being used by all people in day to day life. However, they are fou... more Mobile phones are increasingly being used by all people in day to day life. However, they are found suitable breeding grounds for various pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to determine the growth potential and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Collection of mobile phone cotton swab samples and laboratory based microbiological analysis was used as the study design. A total of 188 mobile phones were sampled from food handlers and health care workers. The growth potential of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolated from mobile phones was assessed in various food items. The results have shown that Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolated from mobile phones of food handlers and health care workers were found growing to their infective dose within 12 to 18 h in the sampled food items. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibilit...
Well waters could be polluted with fecal materials due to inadequate protection, depth of wells, ... more Well waters could be polluted with fecal materials due to inadequate protection, depth of wells, distance and position relative to latrine house, unhygienic practice at the source and poor environmental sanitation. The objectives of this study were to assess the current bacteriological safety of well waters being used for drinking and other domestic uses; and also to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial species isolated from some of the wells in Jimma town, southwestern Ethiopia. Accordingly, bacteriological quality and safety, as well as physico-chemical properties of water samples collected from 30 purposively selected wells were assessed following the standard microbiological methods. Pure isolates were characterized to species level using API 20 E kit and evaluated for resistance patterns towards ten antimicrobial agents being used for human medication. The finding of the study showed that the mean pH (6.64- 6.8) of all the studied well water samples was ...
BACK GROUND: Traditionally, fruit products have been regarded as microbiologically safer than oth... more BACK GROUND: Traditionally, fruit products have been regarded as microbiologically safer than other unprocessed foods. However, many outbreaks of human infections have been associated with the consumption of contaminated fruit juices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological safety and quality of fruit juices being served in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microbiological safety of different fruit juices being served in cafés/ restaurants in Jimma town were assessed based on the isolates API-20E (Analytical Profile Index used to test for twenty substrates to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae) profile from February, 2005 to July, 2006. A total of 90 samples (30 samples each for avocado, papaya and pine-apple), collected from six randomly selected cafés and/or restaurants in Jimma town, were analyzed. In addition, some physicochemical parameters of the juices, such as pH and Titratable acidity were determined following standard procedur...
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