International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2013
The aim of the present study was to isolate and study about the antibacterial activity of astaxan... more The aim of the present study was to isolate and study about the antibacterial activity of astaxanthin from marine yeast. Astaxanthin a carotenoid present in marine yeast and crustaceans posses a wide range of pharmacological activity. Yeast strain was isolated from the marine sediments collected from Cochin, Kerala during the month of August 2012. The samples were collected in sterile plastic covers and brought to the laboratory without exposing to the external environment further. The marine sediment samples were directly inoculated in yeast malt. After effective screening the strains containing astaxanthin was refrigerated for further use. The strains were purified by TLC using petroleum hexane: acetone (3:1). A spectrophotometric assay was carried out by measuring absorbance at 200-500nm. The antibacterial activity was studied on several organisms like Bacillus Subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The extracts showed excellent antibacteria...
The study presents different methods for analysis of Astaxanthin isolated from the shrimp species... more The study presents different methods for analysis of Astaxanthin isolated from the shrimp species Aristeus alcocki. The HPLC method is accomplished by using a C 18 column and the mobile phase in the acetone : hexane in the ratio 9: 21v/v. . Astaxanthin is quantified by the detection at 470nm. The chromatogram showed three peaks, Astaxanthin as well as its monoesters and di esters. Further enzymatic hydrolysis was done to remove the esters. FTIR spectral bands in the range 4000 to 450 cm. The H1 NMR chemical shifts obtained at 1.3ppm and 2.3ppmwere due to the presence of CH3 groups. The chemical shifts at 1.4 ppm, 1.6ppm, 2ppm, 2.5ppm and 2.6ppm were due to the presence of CH2 groups. The chemical shift at 4ppm was due to the presence of CH-CH2 groups and the chemical shift at 6.5ppm indicates the presence of aromatic CH. C13 NMR was also done to determine the C Skeleton of Astaxanthin. The peak obtained at 15 showed the presence of CH3. Another peak was obtained at 24 was for CH2. A...
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences
This study was designed to determine the in vitro anticancer potential of the Astaxanthin isolate... more This study was designed to determine the in vitro anticancer potential of the Astaxanthin isolated from shrimp shell waste (ETC) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) induced cancer in swiss albino mice. The anticancer activity was assessed using in vitro cytotoxicAity, mean survival time, tumor volume and hematological studies. The reliable criteria for evaluating the potential of any anticancer agent is the prolongation of lifespan of the animal and decrease in WBC count of blood. The high dose of ETC (200 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced the tumor growth which was demonstrated by increased lifespan of the mice and restoration of hematological parameters. ETC was also found to be cytotoxic in the in vitro parameter which shows that ETC possesses significant anticancer potential.
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry ... RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Esti... more ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry ... RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of ... G. RATHINAVEL*, U. UMA NATH, J.VALARMATHY, L. SAMUELJOSHUA#, C.SELVIN THANUJA, M.GANESH, T.SIVAKUMAR and R.PRIYADARSINI
The word hibiscus derived from the ancient Greek hibiskos, the name for the plant known as marsh ... more The word hibiscus derived from the ancient Greek hibiskos, the name for the plant known as marsh mallow or white mallow. Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing more than 200 species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. By recent count about 220 species of annuals, perennials, herbs, shrubs and trees belong to the genus Hibiscus. This is a genus of great diversity. Some hibiscuses originated in tropical regions of the world, other in temperate regions. Some are herbaceous, others woody. In habit they range from low-growing, spreading, types to upright, woody forms that reach up to six meter tall.
The flowers of most species open early in the morning and begin to droop and wilt by late afternoon. Most last only one day, but a few varieties have flowers that last two days or more. While most hibiscus flowers are odorless, a few are modestly fragrant. The hibiscus flower can be found in many colors and sizes, which will determine the specific type of flower. According to research information there are more than a thousand color options, but no blue or black in the true sense. The sizes will vary from 2 inch blooms to 12 inch blooms.
It is a beautiful plant. But apart from being beautiful, a hibiscus plant and flower is immensely useful too. Nobody knows whether the hibiscus really is a native of China as its latin name, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, (rosa-sinensis = Chinese Rose) suggests or not. Many believe, it comes from India. This large shrub or small tree grows to 15 feet high. The toothed leaves are arranged alternately and vary a lot, but tend to be large, dark green, and shiny. This plant has a coarse texture and may be upright or broad and spreading. It is often many-stemmed. Flowers are glorious and huge at their best -- up to 6" in diameter -- and occur in many colors. Most are flared and have a bell shape and may be single or double, smooth or scalloped. They have a long central tube with stamens and pistils at the tip.
Drift seeds (also sea beans) and drift fruits are seeds and fruits adapted for long distance disp... more Drift seeds (also sea beans) and drift fruits are seeds and fruits adapted for long distance dispersal by water. Most are produced by tropical trees, and they can be found on distant beaches after drifting thousands of miles through ocean currents. Consequently, drift seeds and fruits are of interest to scientists who study these currents. In botanical terminology, a drift fruit is a kind of diaspore, and drift seeds and fruits are disseminules. Sources of drift seeds 1. Nicker nut They are the marblelike seeds produced in a spiny pod (2 seeds per pod) on a spiny, sprawling shrub that grows along the shores of many Caribbean islands and throughout tropical beaches of the world. In the Caribbean region there are at least three common species: Gray nickernuts (Caesalpinia bonduc) with gray seeds, yellow nickernuts (probably C. ciliata) with yellowish-brown seeds, and C. major with brown or yellowish-brown seeds. They are members of the third largest family of flowering plants, the Pea Family (Fabaceae). The seeds are smooth and shiny at maturity, but continued handling as they are played with actually makes them shinier. All three species are climbing or sprawling shrubs with stout branches armed with sharp, recurved thorns. The large, twice-compound leaves are also armed with prickles. Racemes of small yellow flowers are produced in the leaf axils, followed by clusters of spiny, two-seeded pods. In C. major the leaflets are slightly larger and the seeds are yellowish or chocolate brown rather than gray. Both species are common throughout the Caribbean and Florida Keys, although C. bonduc appears to be more widespread throughout the tropical Pacific region. The seeds of C. ciliata are not as buoyant as C. bonduc, so they are not commonly washed ashore along beaches. The smooth, marblelike seeds of nickernuts have a distinctive attachment scar and faint concentric striations. Caesalpinia is a large genus in the pea family (Fabaceae) containing over 200 species of tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs. It is named in honor of Andreas Caesalpini, Italian botanist and chief physician to Pope Clement VIII. In 1583 Caesalpini published De Plantis Libri, one of the first botany books of the Renaissance with a taxonomic system based solely on reproductive structures. Nickernuts from tropical islands of the West Indies often follow the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current to beaches of northern Europe. Hebrides islanders off the coast of Scotland wore marblelike nickernut seeds as an amulet to ward off evil spirits. Known in the Hebrides as the white Indian nut, the seeds supposedly had other magical powers including a cure for dysentery when the powdered embryo was taken with boiled milk. The seeds contain bonducin, a white, bitter glycoside that is sometimes referred to as "poor man's quinine." Bonducin has been used as a substitute for quinine in the treatment of intermittent malarial fever. In the Caribbean, nickernuts were ground with roasted senna seeds (probably Cassia occidentalis) to make a medicinal coffee or tea. Numerous naturopathic remedies have been attributed to the soothing tea including colds and stomach disorders. Nickernuts grow wild on beaches of many Caribbean Islands and the seeds are commonly collected and strung into bracelets and necklaces. Gray and yellow nickernuts are often mixed
International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2013
The aim of the present study was to isolate and study about the antibacterial activity of astaxan... more The aim of the present study was to isolate and study about the antibacterial activity of astaxanthin from marine yeast. Astaxanthin a carotenoid present in marine yeast and crustaceans posses a wide range of pharmacological activity. Yeast strain was isolated from the marine sediments collected from Cochin, Kerala during the month of August 2012. The samples were collected in sterile plastic covers and brought to the laboratory without exposing to the external environment further. The marine sediment samples were directly inoculated in yeast malt. After effective screening the strains containing astaxanthin was refrigerated for further use. The strains were purified by TLC using petroleum hexane: acetone (3:1). A spectrophotometric assay was carried out by measuring absorbance at 200-500nm. The antibacterial activity was studied on several organisms like Bacillus Subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The extracts showed excellent antibacteria...
The study presents different methods for analysis of Astaxanthin isolated from the shrimp species... more The study presents different methods for analysis of Astaxanthin isolated from the shrimp species Aristeus alcocki. The HPLC method is accomplished by using a C 18 column and the mobile phase in the acetone : hexane in the ratio 9: 21v/v. . Astaxanthin is quantified by the detection at 470nm. The chromatogram showed three peaks, Astaxanthin as well as its monoesters and di esters. Further enzymatic hydrolysis was done to remove the esters. FTIR spectral bands in the range 4000 to 450 cm. The H1 NMR chemical shifts obtained at 1.3ppm and 2.3ppmwere due to the presence of CH3 groups. The chemical shifts at 1.4 ppm, 1.6ppm, 2ppm, 2.5ppm and 2.6ppm were due to the presence of CH2 groups. The chemical shift at 4ppm was due to the presence of CH-CH2 groups and the chemical shift at 6.5ppm indicates the presence of aromatic CH. C13 NMR was also done to determine the C Skeleton of Astaxanthin. The peak obtained at 15 showed the presence of CH3. Another peak was obtained at 24 was for CH2. A...
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences
This study was designed to determine the in vitro anticancer potential of the Astaxanthin isolate... more This study was designed to determine the in vitro anticancer potential of the Astaxanthin isolated from shrimp shell waste (ETC) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) induced cancer in swiss albino mice. The anticancer activity was assessed using in vitro cytotoxicAity, mean survival time, tumor volume and hematological studies. The reliable criteria for evaluating the potential of any anticancer agent is the prolongation of lifespan of the animal and decrease in WBC count of blood. The high dose of ETC (200 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced the tumor growth which was demonstrated by increased lifespan of the mice and restoration of hematological parameters. ETC was also found to be cytotoxic in the in vitro parameter which shows that ETC possesses significant anticancer potential.
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry ... RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Esti... more ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry ... RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of ... G. RATHINAVEL*, U. UMA NATH, J.VALARMATHY, L. SAMUELJOSHUA#, C.SELVIN THANUJA, M.GANESH, T.SIVAKUMAR and R.PRIYADARSINI
The word hibiscus derived from the ancient Greek hibiskos, the name for the plant known as marsh ... more The word hibiscus derived from the ancient Greek hibiskos, the name for the plant known as marsh mallow or white mallow. Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing more than 200 species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. By recent count about 220 species of annuals, perennials, herbs, shrubs and trees belong to the genus Hibiscus. This is a genus of great diversity. Some hibiscuses originated in tropical regions of the world, other in temperate regions. Some are herbaceous, others woody. In habit they range from low-growing, spreading, types to upright, woody forms that reach up to six meter tall.
The flowers of most species open early in the morning and begin to droop and wilt by late afternoon. Most last only one day, but a few varieties have flowers that last two days or more. While most hibiscus flowers are odorless, a few are modestly fragrant. The hibiscus flower can be found in many colors and sizes, which will determine the specific type of flower. According to research information there are more than a thousand color options, but no blue or black in the true sense. The sizes will vary from 2 inch blooms to 12 inch blooms.
It is a beautiful plant. But apart from being beautiful, a hibiscus plant and flower is immensely useful too. Nobody knows whether the hibiscus really is a native of China as its latin name, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, (rosa-sinensis = Chinese Rose) suggests or not. Many believe, it comes from India. This large shrub or small tree grows to 15 feet high. The toothed leaves are arranged alternately and vary a lot, but tend to be large, dark green, and shiny. This plant has a coarse texture and may be upright or broad and spreading. It is often many-stemmed. Flowers are glorious and huge at their best -- up to 6" in diameter -- and occur in many colors. Most are flared and have a bell shape and may be single or double, smooth or scalloped. They have a long central tube with stamens and pistils at the tip.
Drift seeds (also sea beans) and drift fruits are seeds and fruits adapted for long distance disp... more Drift seeds (also sea beans) and drift fruits are seeds and fruits adapted for long distance dispersal by water. Most are produced by tropical trees, and they can be found on distant beaches after drifting thousands of miles through ocean currents. Consequently, drift seeds and fruits are of interest to scientists who study these currents. In botanical terminology, a drift fruit is a kind of diaspore, and drift seeds and fruits are disseminules. Sources of drift seeds 1. Nicker nut They are the marblelike seeds produced in a spiny pod (2 seeds per pod) on a spiny, sprawling shrub that grows along the shores of many Caribbean islands and throughout tropical beaches of the world. In the Caribbean region there are at least three common species: Gray nickernuts (Caesalpinia bonduc) with gray seeds, yellow nickernuts (probably C. ciliata) with yellowish-brown seeds, and C. major with brown or yellowish-brown seeds. They are members of the third largest family of flowering plants, the Pea Family (Fabaceae). The seeds are smooth and shiny at maturity, but continued handling as they are played with actually makes them shinier. All three species are climbing or sprawling shrubs with stout branches armed with sharp, recurved thorns. The large, twice-compound leaves are also armed with prickles. Racemes of small yellow flowers are produced in the leaf axils, followed by clusters of spiny, two-seeded pods. In C. major the leaflets are slightly larger and the seeds are yellowish or chocolate brown rather than gray. Both species are common throughout the Caribbean and Florida Keys, although C. bonduc appears to be more widespread throughout the tropical Pacific region. The seeds of C. ciliata are not as buoyant as C. bonduc, so they are not commonly washed ashore along beaches. The smooth, marblelike seeds of nickernuts have a distinctive attachment scar and faint concentric striations. Caesalpinia is a large genus in the pea family (Fabaceae) containing over 200 species of tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs. It is named in honor of Andreas Caesalpini, Italian botanist and chief physician to Pope Clement VIII. In 1583 Caesalpini published De Plantis Libri, one of the first botany books of the Renaissance with a taxonomic system based solely on reproductive structures. Nickernuts from tropical islands of the West Indies often follow the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current to beaches of northern Europe. Hebrides islanders off the coast of Scotland wore marblelike nickernut seeds as an amulet to ward off evil spirits. Known in the Hebrides as the white Indian nut, the seeds supposedly had other magical powers including a cure for dysentery when the powdered embryo was taken with boiled milk. The seeds contain bonducin, a white, bitter glycoside that is sometimes referred to as "poor man's quinine." Bonducin has been used as a substitute for quinine in the treatment of intermittent malarial fever. In the Caribbean, nickernuts were ground with roasted senna seeds (probably Cassia occidentalis) to make a medicinal coffee or tea. Numerous naturopathic remedies have been attributed to the soothing tea including colds and stomach disorders. Nickernuts grow wild on beaches of many Caribbean Islands and the seeds are commonly collected and strung into bracelets and necklaces. Gray and yellow nickernuts are often mixed
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Papers by Uma Nath
The flowers of most species open early in the morning and begin to droop and wilt by late afternoon. Most last only one day, but a few varieties have flowers that last two days or more. While most hibiscus flowers are odorless, a few are modestly fragrant. The hibiscus flower can be found in many colors and sizes, which will determine the specific type of flower. According to research information there are more than a thousand color options, but no blue or black in the true sense. The sizes will vary from 2 inch blooms to 12 inch blooms.
It is a beautiful plant. But apart from being beautiful, a hibiscus plant and flower is immensely useful too. Nobody knows whether the hibiscus really is a native of China as its latin name, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, (rosa-sinensis = Chinese Rose) suggests or not. Many believe, it comes from India. This large shrub or small tree grows to 15 feet high. The toothed leaves are arranged alternately and vary a lot, but tend to be large, dark green, and shiny. This plant has a coarse texture and may be upright or broad and spreading. It is often many-stemmed. Flowers are glorious and huge at their best -- up to 6" in diameter -- and occur in many colors. Most are flared and have a bell shape and may be single or double, smooth or scalloped. They have a long central tube with stamens and pistils at the tip.
Drafts by Uma Nath
The flowers of most species open early in the morning and begin to droop and wilt by late afternoon. Most last only one day, but a few varieties have flowers that last two days or more. While most hibiscus flowers are odorless, a few are modestly fragrant. The hibiscus flower can be found in many colors and sizes, which will determine the specific type of flower. According to research information there are more than a thousand color options, but no blue or black in the true sense. The sizes will vary from 2 inch blooms to 12 inch blooms.
It is a beautiful plant. But apart from being beautiful, a hibiscus plant and flower is immensely useful too. Nobody knows whether the hibiscus really is a native of China as its latin name, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, (rosa-sinensis = Chinese Rose) suggests or not. Many believe, it comes from India. This large shrub or small tree grows to 15 feet high. The toothed leaves are arranged alternately and vary a lot, but tend to be large, dark green, and shiny. This plant has a coarse texture and may be upright or broad and spreading. It is often many-stemmed. Flowers are glorious and huge at their best -- up to 6" in diameter -- and occur in many colors. Most are flared and have a bell shape and may be single or double, smooth or scalloped. They have a long central tube with stamens and pistils at the tip.