Parallel-strand lumber was manufactured with bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusodies). A polyol compoun... more Parallel-strand lumber was manufactured with bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusodies). A polyol compound was added to modify the adhesive (pMDI). Bamboo culms were used to manufacture strands 3 mm thick, 19 mm wide, and 65 cm long. Adhesive was applied to the strands at 200 g/m2 with pressing at 110 °C, 15 kg/cm2, and 30 min. Panels were made with width 600 mm, length 600 mm, and thickness 20 mm. Some physical properties (oven-dry density, air-dry density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption percentage) and mechanical properties (bending resistance, modulus of elasticity, impact resistance, screw-holding capacity in tangential, radial, and transverse directions) of parallel-strand lumber for both adhesive types were determined. Both resin types improved some physical and mechanical properties of parallel-strand lumber. Additionally, the modulus of rupture and flexural modulus of elasticity of the test specimens using pMDI+5%MP adhesive were higher than those of the ...
Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic comp... more Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured using 40% mahogany wood flour (WF). The effect of particle size (0.074 to 0.149 mm, 0.177 to 0.250 mm, and 0.400 to 0.841 mm) on the selected properties of PP and rPP composites was studied. The influence of 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) presence in the formulation was also evaluated. Test specimens were manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding processes. The density and mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness and impact strength values were determined. Morphology of the manufactured composites was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results showed that the particle size, polypropylene type (neat or recycled), and presence of MAPP had important effects on WPC’s properties. Density, flexural mo...
The effects of lignocellulosic filler type and filler loading levels were investigated relative t... more The effects of lignocellulosic filler type and filler loading levels were investigated relative to selected properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based composites. Teak wood (TK), rice husks (RH), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as lignocellulosic fillers at 15 wt% and 30 wt% filler loading levels. Test specimens were manufactured using both extrusion and injection molding, except for abrasion resistance samples that were manufactured using a compression molding process. Density, tensile, flexural, and impact properties, and hardness and abrasion resistance values, of the specimens were determined. The composites’ morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy analysis; results showed all filler types and filler loading levels were affected by the TPU’s density and mechanical properties. The TPU composites were successfully produced using TK, RH, and MCC as lignocellulosic fillers. Regardless of filler type, addition of 15% filler to TPU yielded ex...
With the increased awareness of thermal insulation of buildings, the knowledge of thermal conduct... more With the increased awareness of thermal insulation of buildings, the knowledge of thermal conductivity of non-structural materials applied for roughing, cladding or flooring has become more important. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal conductivity of 31 different wood species originated from the region of Izmir in Turkey. Thermal conductivity of air dried boards was determined in accordance to ASTM 5334 standard which measures this property on the interior of wood rather than on the surface. Thermal conductivity varied from 0.090 to 0.197 W/mK. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained for oak and the lowest for Canadian poplar. A linear relation was obtained between wood density and thermal conductivity.
Experimental parallel strand lumbers (PSLs) were manufactured from fast growing rotary peeled I-2... more Experimental parallel strand lumbers (PSLs) were manufactured from fast growing rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x euramericana) and I-77/51 (Populus deltoides) hybrid poplar clones veneer strands with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive. The results showed that hybrid poplar clones can be used in PSLs manufacturing. Physical and mechanical properties of PSLs were affected by clone types. The I-77/51 clone had better properties and was found to be more suitable for PSLs manufacturing compared to the I-214 clone. PSLs properties were higher than those of solid woods (SWs) and laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) of the same poplar clones. This increase may be due to materials, densification as a result of high pressure use, and the manufacturing techniques. The degree of contribution of SWs properties to the PSLs properties was lower than that of LVLs. This indicated that factors other than SWs properties played more important roles in the strength increase of PSLs.
Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Eurame... more Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Euramericana) and I-77/51 (Populus deltoides) fast growing hybrid poplar clones were successfully manufactured using three different press durations (18, 24, and 30 min) with a melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive. The effect of press durations on LVLs’ selected physical, mechanical, and combustibility characteristics were determined. The results showed that press duration affected dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), modulus of rupture, and/or compression strength parallel to grain, depending on the clone types. Improvement in dimensional stability and some mechanical properties of LVLs can be achieved by proper curing of the MUF adhesive. On the other hand, the press durations did not affect oven-dry densities, modulus of elasticity, and the combustibility (weight loss after completion of the test). For improved physical and mechanical properties, up to a 30 ...
Hybrid poplars are becoming an alternative raw material for structural applications due to their ... more Hybrid poplars are becoming an alternative raw material for structural applications due to their availability, treatability and prices. Advance technology of structural composite lumber (Laminated veneer lumber, laminated strand lumber and parallel strand lumber) manufacturing process may use hybrid poplar more efficiently. Parallel strand lumbers (PSLs) were manufactured from rotary peeled hybrid poplar I-214 veneers with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. The effect of adhesive types on selected PSLs’ physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Also the suitability of hybrid poplar I-214 was determined in PSLs’ production. The physical and mechanical properties of PSLs’ were affected by adhesive type. PSLs’ with PF adhesives have better physical and mechanical properties as expected due to PF adhesives superior performance. PSLs’ mechanical properties were higher than that of host solid woods’. Hybrid poplar I-214 was found to be suitable for ...
Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Eurame... more Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Euramericana) and I-77/51 (Populus deltoides) fast growing hybrid poplar clones were successfully manufactured using three different press durations (18, 24, and 30 min) ...
Parallel-strand lumber was manufactured with bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusodies). A polyol compoun... more Parallel-strand lumber was manufactured with bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusodies). A polyol compound was added to modify the adhesive (pMDI). Bamboo culms were used to manufacture strands 3 mm thick, 19 mm wide, and 65 cm long. Adhesive was applied to the strands at 200 g/m2 with pressing at 110 °C, 15 kg/cm2, and 30 min. Panels were made with width 600 mm, length 600 mm, and thickness 20 mm. Some physical properties (oven-dry density, air-dry density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption percentage) and mechanical properties (bending resistance, modulus of elasticity, impact resistance, screw-holding capacity in tangential, radial, and transverse directions) of parallel-strand lumber for both adhesive types were determined. Both resin types improved some physical and mechanical properties of parallel-strand lumber. Additionally, the modulus of rupture and flexural modulus of elasticity of the test specimens using pMDI+5%MP adhesive were higher than those of the ...
Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic comp... more Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured using 40% mahogany wood flour (WF). The effect of particle size (0.074 to 0.149 mm, 0.177 to 0.250 mm, and 0.400 to 0.841 mm) on the selected properties of PP and rPP composites was studied. The influence of 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) presence in the formulation was also evaluated. Test specimens were manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding processes. The density and mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness and impact strength values were determined. Morphology of the manufactured composites was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results showed that the particle size, polypropylene type (neat or recycled), and presence of MAPP had important effects on WPC’s properties. Density, flexural mo...
The effects of lignocellulosic filler type and filler loading levels were investigated relative t... more The effects of lignocellulosic filler type and filler loading levels were investigated relative to selected properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based composites. Teak wood (TK), rice husks (RH), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as lignocellulosic fillers at 15 wt% and 30 wt% filler loading levels. Test specimens were manufactured using both extrusion and injection molding, except for abrasion resistance samples that were manufactured using a compression molding process. Density, tensile, flexural, and impact properties, and hardness and abrasion resistance values, of the specimens were determined. The composites’ morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy analysis; results showed all filler types and filler loading levels were affected by the TPU’s density and mechanical properties. The TPU composites were successfully produced using TK, RH, and MCC as lignocellulosic fillers. Regardless of filler type, addition of 15% filler to TPU yielded ex...
With the increased awareness of thermal insulation of buildings, the knowledge of thermal conduct... more With the increased awareness of thermal insulation of buildings, the knowledge of thermal conductivity of non-structural materials applied for roughing, cladding or flooring has become more important. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal conductivity of 31 different wood species originated from the region of Izmir in Turkey. Thermal conductivity of air dried boards was determined in accordance to ASTM 5334 standard which measures this property on the interior of wood rather than on the surface. Thermal conductivity varied from 0.090 to 0.197 W/mK. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained for oak and the lowest for Canadian poplar. A linear relation was obtained between wood density and thermal conductivity.
Experimental parallel strand lumbers (PSLs) were manufactured from fast growing rotary peeled I-2... more Experimental parallel strand lumbers (PSLs) were manufactured from fast growing rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x euramericana) and I-77/51 (Populus deltoides) hybrid poplar clones veneer strands with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive. The results showed that hybrid poplar clones can be used in PSLs manufacturing. Physical and mechanical properties of PSLs were affected by clone types. The I-77/51 clone had better properties and was found to be more suitable for PSLs manufacturing compared to the I-214 clone. PSLs properties were higher than those of solid woods (SWs) and laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) of the same poplar clones. This increase may be due to materials, densification as a result of high pressure use, and the manufacturing techniques. The degree of contribution of SWs properties to the PSLs properties was lower than that of LVLs. This indicated that factors other than SWs properties played more important roles in the strength increase of PSLs.
Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Eurame... more Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Euramericana) and I-77/51 (Populus deltoides) fast growing hybrid poplar clones were successfully manufactured using three different press durations (18, 24, and 30 min) with a melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive. The effect of press durations on LVLs’ selected physical, mechanical, and combustibility characteristics were determined. The results showed that press duration affected dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), modulus of rupture, and/or compression strength parallel to grain, depending on the clone types. Improvement in dimensional stability and some mechanical properties of LVLs can be achieved by proper curing of the MUF adhesive. On the other hand, the press durations did not affect oven-dry densities, modulus of elasticity, and the combustibility (weight loss after completion of the test). For improved physical and mechanical properties, up to a 30 ...
Hybrid poplars are becoming an alternative raw material for structural applications due to their ... more Hybrid poplars are becoming an alternative raw material for structural applications due to their availability, treatability and prices. Advance technology of structural composite lumber (Laminated veneer lumber, laminated strand lumber and parallel strand lumber) manufacturing process may use hybrid poplar more efficiently. Parallel strand lumbers (PSLs) were manufactured from rotary peeled hybrid poplar I-214 veneers with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. The effect of adhesive types on selected PSLs’ physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Also the suitability of hybrid poplar I-214 was determined in PSLs’ production. The physical and mechanical properties of PSLs’ were affected by adhesive type. PSLs’ with PF adhesives have better physical and mechanical properties as expected due to PF adhesives superior performance. PSLs’ mechanical properties were higher than that of host solid woods’. Hybrid poplar I-214 was found to be suitable for ...
Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Eurame... more Experimental eight-ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) from rotary peeled I-214 (Populus x Euramericana) and I-77/51 (Populus deltoides) fast growing hybrid poplar clones were successfully manufactured using three different press durations (18, 24, and 30 min) ...
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