... Moreover an extensive description of the developed mathematical model and its most significan... more ... Moreover an extensive description of the developed mathematical model and its most significant results that can be obtained ... SAE No.860546; PachemeggS.J.:“The Hydraulics of Oil Scraping”. ... HTML for Linking to this Page. Copy and paste this code into your Web site to create a ...
The final aim of this research is reducing emissions and improving contemporary consumption, by t... more The final aim of this research is reducing emissions and improving contemporary consumption, by the way of electronic control in spark ignition engines. The electronic control closed-loop has proved to be a particularly efficient method for optimizing performance of an engine ignition that equivalently to control emissions. The use of the signal current ionization for diagnostics is widely present in the recent international literature of the field with reference to possible use in relation to major phenomena of misfiring or imperfect combustion and in the management of the advance ignition to prevent detonation.
ABSTRACT Idle Speed Control plays a crucial role to reduce fuel consumption that turns in both a ... more ABSTRACT Idle Speed Control plays a crucial role to reduce fuel consumption that turns in both a direct economic benefit for customers and CO\d reduction particularly important to tackle the progressive global environmental warming. Typically, control strategies available in the automotive literature solve the idle speed control problem acting both on the throttle position and the spark advance, while the Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR), that strongly affects the indicated engine torque, is kept at the stoichiometric value for the sake of emission reduction. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines, working lean and equipped with proper mechanisms to reduce NOx emissions, overcome this limitation allowing the AFR to be used for the idle speed regulation. In this paper, an effective model of the GDI engine dynamics is derived, tuned and then used to synthesize a gain scheduling control strategy which comprises a feedback action acting on the throttle position, and a feedforward compensator which varies dynamically the demand of the AFR control task. The former control action is mainly exploited to accomplish smooth transitions from/to idle speed regime, whereas the latter copes with torque disturbances at idle speed mainly due to the intermittent use of accessory loads. In so doing, a faster actuation path, provided through the AFR control, is added to the air control path to increase performance both in terms of disturbance rejection and fuel economy. Comparison between performance provided by our control approach and a classical LQ strategy, which controls both the throttle angle and the spark advance when the AFR is kept at the stoichiometric value, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture with respect to different cost indexes. Model validation as well as the effectiveness of the control design are carried out by means of ECU-1D Engine Co-Simulation tools. The combination in a one integrated designing environment of control systems and virtual engine, simulated through high predictive commercial 1D-code, becomes a high predictive tool for automotive control engineers and fast prototyping.
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 2009
ABSTRACT In automotive industry the Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) plays a crucial role in drive-... more ABSTRACT In automotive industry the Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) plays a crucial role in drive-by-wire operations since it controls the incoming air into the engine and so the produced torque. This implies the performances of the vehicle in terms of traction, emissions, idle speed regime, cold starting management, thermal transient and smoother movement during tip/in tip/out, strongly depends on the precise control of this device [17]. Despite its apparent simplicity, the behavior of the ETB is affected by many nonlinearities and uncertain parameters which can dramatically alter its dynamics. In order to cope the unwanted nonlinear phenomenons (stick-slip motion, hysteresis, hunting, impact, caos), sophisticated model based control strategies and compensators are proposed in the literature. A time consuming identification parameters of the throttle is fundamental for these approaches and it is the main drawback for their application. The aim of the paper is to show the efficiency of a model reference adaptive algorithm, named LQ-MCS (Linear Quadratic-Minimal Control Synthesis), to control the throttle plate position. The main feature of this controller is that minimal synthesis is needed to implement the strategy. Specifically only a rough nominal linear model of the plant is required to impose the dynamical behavior of the reference model. By means of a proper experimental setup, the adaptive controller is synthesized and validated experimentally.
The electromechanical devices proposed in technical literature are very flexible. However, their ... more The electromechanical devices proposed in technical literature are very flexible. However, their working principle (fixed lift, fixed lifting time and variable valve events) imposes the use of different strategies, such as cylinder or port deactivation to enable work at partial loads. This happens in particular at low loads. The present paper aims to evaluate the effect of the design and of the strategies adopted to vary the load (cylinder or port deactivation etc) on performance and on pollutant formation of a stoichiometric DISI engine. The calculations were performed by a commercial onedimensional code (Wave produced by Ricardo). This tool was also used to give inputs to the design of the electromechanical actuator. The electromechanical design of the actuator was carried out with the aid of the code Flux2D produced by Cedrat. This code allows the complete simulation of transients and of the electrical losses of the actuator. The system requirements of performing the first lift at engine start up and catching in normal operation were analyzed. In this way a fairly realistic picture of the main advantages and of the typical problems of Electromechanical Valve Actuators was outlined.
Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2011
Nowadays, the precise control of the air fuel ratio (AFR) in spark ignition (SI) engines plays a ... more Nowadays, the precise control of the air fuel ratio (AFR) in spark ignition (SI) engines plays a crucial role in meeting the more and more restrictive standard emissions for the passenger cars and the fuel economy required by the automotive market as well. To attain this demanding goal, the development of an advanced AFR control strategy embedding highly predictive models becomes mandatory for the next generation of electronic control unit (ECU). Conversely, the adoption of more complex control strategies affects the development time of the ECU increasing the time-to-market of new engine models. In this paper to solve the AFR control problem for gasoline direct injection (GDI) and to speed up the design of the entire control system, a gain scheduling PI model-based control strategy is proposed. To this aim, AFR dynamics are modeled via a first order time delay system whose parameters vary strongly with the fresh air mass entering the cylinders. Nonlinear relations have been found to...
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT Over the last decade, gasoline direct injection engines have proven to be a promising so... more ABSTRACT Over the last decade, gasoline direct injection engines have proven to be a promising solution to reduce both emission and fuel consumption. The achievement of superior performance strongly relies on its fuel injection system based on the common rail (CR) device. In order to tame the CR pressure dynamics without any a priori knowledge of the plant parameters, we design a novel model reference adaptive control strategy that extends the discrete-time minimal control synthesis algorithm. Indeed, an explicit discrete-time adaptive integral action is added to improve closed-loop performance. Experimental results support the analytical proof of stability, and confirm the effectiveness of the novel algorithm to solve both the regulation and the tracking control problem in a wide range of working conditions. The closed-loop performance is quantitatively evaluated via engineering indices.
... Moreover an extensive description of the developed mathematical model and its most significan... more ... Moreover an extensive description of the developed mathematical model and its most significant results that can be obtained ... SAE No.860546; PachemeggS.J.:“The Hydraulics of Oil Scraping”. ... HTML for Linking to this Page. Copy and paste this code into your Web site to create a ...
The final aim of this research is reducing emissions and improving contemporary consumption, by t... more The final aim of this research is reducing emissions and improving contemporary consumption, by the way of electronic control in spark ignition engines. The electronic control closed-loop has proved to be a particularly efficient method for optimizing performance of an engine ignition that equivalently to control emissions. The use of the signal current ionization for diagnostics is widely present in the recent international literature of the field with reference to possible use in relation to major phenomena of misfiring or imperfect combustion and in the management of the advance ignition to prevent detonation.
ABSTRACT Idle Speed Control plays a crucial role to reduce fuel consumption that turns in both a ... more ABSTRACT Idle Speed Control plays a crucial role to reduce fuel consumption that turns in both a direct economic benefit for customers and CO\d reduction particularly important to tackle the progressive global environmental warming. Typically, control strategies available in the automotive literature solve the idle speed control problem acting both on the throttle position and the spark advance, while the Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR), that strongly affects the indicated engine torque, is kept at the stoichiometric value for the sake of emission reduction. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines, working lean and equipped with proper mechanisms to reduce NOx emissions, overcome this limitation allowing the AFR to be used for the idle speed regulation. In this paper, an effective model of the GDI engine dynamics is derived, tuned and then used to synthesize a gain scheduling control strategy which comprises a feedback action acting on the throttle position, and a feedforward compensator which varies dynamically the demand of the AFR control task. The former control action is mainly exploited to accomplish smooth transitions from/to idle speed regime, whereas the latter copes with torque disturbances at idle speed mainly due to the intermittent use of accessory loads. In so doing, a faster actuation path, provided through the AFR control, is added to the air control path to increase performance both in terms of disturbance rejection and fuel economy. Comparison between performance provided by our control approach and a classical LQ strategy, which controls both the throttle angle and the spark advance when the AFR is kept at the stoichiometric value, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture with respect to different cost indexes. Model validation as well as the effectiveness of the control design are carried out by means of ECU-1D Engine Co-Simulation tools. The combination in a one integrated designing environment of control systems and virtual engine, simulated through high predictive commercial 1D-code, becomes a high predictive tool for automotive control engineers and fast prototyping.
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 2009
ABSTRACT In automotive industry the Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) plays a crucial role in drive-... more ABSTRACT In automotive industry the Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) plays a crucial role in drive-by-wire operations since it controls the incoming air into the engine and so the produced torque. This implies the performances of the vehicle in terms of traction, emissions, idle speed regime, cold starting management, thermal transient and smoother movement during tip/in tip/out, strongly depends on the precise control of this device [17]. Despite its apparent simplicity, the behavior of the ETB is affected by many nonlinearities and uncertain parameters which can dramatically alter its dynamics. In order to cope the unwanted nonlinear phenomenons (stick-slip motion, hysteresis, hunting, impact, caos), sophisticated model based control strategies and compensators are proposed in the literature. A time consuming identification parameters of the throttle is fundamental for these approaches and it is the main drawback for their application. The aim of the paper is to show the efficiency of a model reference adaptive algorithm, named LQ-MCS (Linear Quadratic-Minimal Control Synthesis), to control the throttle plate position. The main feature of this controller is that minimal synthesis is needed to implement the strategy. Specifically only a rough nominal linear model of the plant is required to impose the dynamical behavior of the reference model. By means of a proper experimental setup, the adaptive controller is synthesized and validated experimentally.
The electromechanical devices proposed in technical literature are very flexible. However, their ... more The electromechanical devices proposed in technical literature are very flexible. However, their working principle (fixed lift, fixed lifting time and variable valve events) imposes the use of different strategies, such as cylinder or port deactivation to enable work at partial loads. This happens in particular at low loads. The present paper aims to evaluate the effect of the design and of the strategies adopted to vary the load (cylinder or port deactivation etc) on performance and on pollutant formation of a stoichiometric DISI engine. The calculations were performed by a commercial onedimensional code (Wave produced by Ricardo). This tool was also used to give inputs to the design of the electromechanical actuator. The electromechanical design of the actuator was carried out with the aid of the code Flux2D produced by Cedrat. This code allows the complete simulation of transients and of the electrical losses of the actuator. The system requirements of performing the first lift at engine start up and catching in normal operation were analyzed. In this way a fairly realistic picture of the main advantages and of the typical problems of Electromechanical Valve Actuators was outlined.
Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2011
Nowadays, the precise control of the air fuel ratio (AFR) in spark ignition (SI) engines plays a ... more Nowadays, the precise control of the air fuel ratio (AFR) in spark ignition (SI) engines plays a crucial role in meeting the more and more restrictive standard emissions for the passenger cars and the fuel economy required by the automotive market as well. To attain this demanding goal, the development of an advanced AFR control strategy embedding highly predictive models becomes mandatory for the next generation of electronic control unit (ECU). Conversely, the adoption of more complex control strategies affects the development time of the ECU increasing the time-to-market of new engine models. In this paper to solve the AFR control problem for gasoline direct injection (GDI) and to speed up the design of the entire control system, a gain scheduling PI model-based control strategy is proposed. To this aim, AFR dynamics are modeled via a first order time delay system whose parameters vary strongly with the fresh air mass entering the cylinders. Nonlinear relations have been found to...
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT Over the last decade, gasoline direct injection engines have proven to be a promising so... more ABSTRACT Over the last decade, gasoline direct injection engines have proven to be a promising solution to reduce both emission and fuel consumption. The achievement of superior performance strongly relies on its fuel injection system based on the common rail (CR) device. In order to tame the CR pressure dynamics without any a priori knowledge of the plant parameters, we design a novel model reference adaptive control strategy that extends the discrete-time minimal control synthesis algorithm. Indeed, an explicit discrete-time adaptive integral action is added to improve closed-loop performance. Experimental results support the analytical proof of stability, and confirm the effectiveness of the novel algorithm to solve both the regulation and the tracking control problem in a wide range of working conditions. The closed-loop performance is quantitatively evaluated via engineering indices.
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