Background: Worldwide, hazardous use of alcohol is common among many cultures and societies and a... more Background: Worldwide, hazardous use of alcohol is common among many cultures and societies and adversely impacts families and communities, with significant morbidity and mortality. Scheduled Tribes (STs) who are socially deprived and marginalised have higher rates of alcohol use. Aim: We attempted to determine the nature, prevalence, and risk factors associated with hazardous consumption of alcohol in the tribal community. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult male and permanent residents of Jawadhi hills. A total of 1200 men were interviewed. Study participants were chosen by Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) sampling method. The questionnaire that documented socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of alcohol use was used. AUDIT tool was used to assess the hazardous use of Alcohol. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: Majority of the men were middle-aged, married, and were from lower socio-economic strata. A large proportion of men (65%) ha...
University Journal of Medicine and Medical Specialities, 2018
Introduction The commonly used measurements of health are in terms of mortality, morbidity, disab... more Introduction The commonly used measurements of health are in terms of mortality, morbidity, disability etc. However these measurements do not project the impact of disease on daily activities, quality of life of people with the disease, behavior of people, satisfaction levels of people with their disease. A measurement which gives the objective evidence of satisfaction in life lived by the people is needed which is done by measuring Quality of Life (QOL). Since QQL was not considered by the scientific world in early ages, it was described as missing measurement in health by Fallow field in 1990. One of the QOL measurement tool is the WHO-Quality of life100 (WHOQOL100) which has a brief version called WHO-BREF which could be applied internationally across cultures. This present study focuses on the QOL among people who had any joint pain or multiple joints pain and elicits their level of satisfaction regarding their health and life.Methodology This was a Cross se...
Objectives: To assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practice among the tribal populat... more Objectives: To assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practice among the tribal population of Tamil Nadu, India and to determine the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water at the principal source and at the households along with the household-level determinants of WASH practices. Methods: A door-to-door survey was conducted in 150 households, distributed across six villages of Jawadhi hills, a tribal area in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected from the principal sources and a subset of households for assessing water quality. A composite scoring was formulated to determine the overall WASH practices. Results: Overall, a poor WASH score (≤4) was found in 103 (68.7%; 95% CI: 60.7, 75.6) households. The majority (96.7%) of the household water samples showed the presence of fecal coliforms. Poor WASH score was uniformly distributed across the villages. Low per capita income (≤1000 INR) was strongly associated with the poor WASH score (Adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.7). The per capita income had a strong negative association with the high fecal coliform count (Adjusted OR 5.07; 95% CI: 1.08, 23.74). Conclusions: We conclude that WASH-related practices among the tribal population of Tamil Nadu is not acceptable. The lack of administrative function and poor economic conditions are the likely causes attributed to the poor WASH conditions and drinking water quality. Urgent action from the stakeholders is the need of the hour to improve the water quality and living standards of such marginalized populations.
Applied and environmental microbiology, Jan 26, 2015
Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality in Indian children under five. Flies carry en... more Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality in Indian children under five. Flies carry enteric pathogens and may mediate food-borne infections. In this study, we characterized fly densities as a determinant of infectious diarrhea in a longitudinal cohort of 160 urban and 80 rural households with 1274 individuals (27% - under 5) in Vellore, India. Household questionnaires on living conditions were completed at enrollment. Fly abundance was measured in wet and dry seasons using fly ribbons placed in kitchens. PCR for enteric bacteria, viruses, and protozoan were performed on 60 fly samples. Forty-three (72%) fly samples were positive for pathogens: Norovirus (50%), Salmonella spp. (46.7%), Rotavirus (6.7%), and E.coli (6.7%). Ninety-one (89% - in children under five) episodes of diarrhea occurred. Stool pathogens isolated in 24 of 77 (31%) of samples included E.coli, Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Rotavirus. Multivariate log-linear models were used t...
NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 2013
Poor handling, storage, and application of agrochemicals have resulted in a steep rise in mortali... more Poor handling, storage, and application of agrochemicals have resulted in a steep rise in mortality and morbidity associated with their use. This study aimed at assessing the awareness of wives of farmers and farmworkers in rural Vellore on the use and health effects of agrochemicals to identify gaps in their knowledge. A cross-sectional survey among 512 wives was conducted. Nearly 75 percent of the wives (384/512) did not know that agrochemicals could pass through skin. Also, wives who owned between 1 and 5 acres of land had a higher odds of knowing that agrochemicals were harmful (OR: 1.71(1.03-2-85), p < 0.05) and need to be disposed safely (OR: 4.76 (1.47-15.36), p < 0.05), than those owning less than an acre or no land. There is a need to educate women associated with agriculture in India on the harms and proper use of agrochemicals in order to better protect and inform their households and communities.
One major question facing operators everywhere is how to be sure that everything goes fine as wel... more One major question facing operators everywhere is how to be sure that everything goes fine as well as how black holes can be detected in their networks? Passive network monitoring is very suitable for this purpose. It can be used for searching problems of a single network device, a major problem affecting the whole LAN or core network. Passive network monitoring, however, is not just for problem solving, it can also be used for creating network statistics or for measuring network performance. As will be seen in this survey, it is a very powerful tool in everyday network life. Delay or packet loss can be measured with either passive or active means. In this survey, the focus is on both passive and active measurements. The goal of this survey is to introduce the reader to passive and active measurements in data networks. Keywords— Network Measurements, Monitoring Methods, Active Measurements, Passive Measurements, Techniques.
Background: Worldwide, hazardous use of alcohol is common among many cultures and societies and a... more Background: Worldwide, hazardous use of alcohol is common among many cultures and societies and adversely impacts families and communities, with significant morbidity and mortality. Scheduled Tribes (STs) who are socially deprived and marginalised have higher rates of alcohol use. Aim: We attempted to determine the nature, prevalence, and risk factors associated with hazardous consumption of alcohol in the tribal community. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult male and permanent residents of Jawadhi hills. A total of 1200 men were interviewed. Study participants were chosen by Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) sampling method. The questionnaire that documented socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of alcohol use was used. AUDIT tool was used to assess the hazardous use of Alcohol. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: Majority of the men were middle-aged, married, and were from lower socio-economic strata. A large proportion of men (65%) ha...
University Journal of Medicine and Medical Specialities, 2018
Introduction The commonly used measurements of health are in terms of mortality, morbidity, disab... more Introduction The commonly used measurements of health are in terms of mortality, morbidity, disability etc. However these measurements do not project the impact of disease on daily activities, quality of life of people with the disease, behavior of people, satisfaction levels of people with their disease. A measurement which gives the objective evidence of satisfaction in life lived by the people is needed which is done by measuring Quality of Life (QOL). Since QQL was not considered by the scientific world in early ages, it was described as missing measurement in health by Fallow field in 1990. One of the QOL measurement tool is the WHO-Quality of life100 (WHOQOL100) which has a brief version called WHO-BREF which could be applied internationally across cultures. This present study focuses on the QOL among people who had any joint pain or multiple joints pain and elicits their level of satisfaction regarding their health and life.Methodology This was a Cross se...
Objectives: To assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practice among the tribal populat... more Objectives: To assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practice among the tribal population of Tamil Nadu, India and to determine the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water at the principal source and at the households along with the household-level determinants of WASH practices. Methods: A door-to-door survey was conducted in 150 households, distributed across six villages of Jawadhi hills, a tribal area in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected from the principal sources and a subset of households for assessing water quality. A composite scoring was formulated to determine the overall WASH practices. Results: Overall, a poor WASH score (≤4) was found in 103 (68.7%; 95% CI: 60.7, 75.6) households. The majority (96.7%) of the household water samples showed the presence of fecal coliforms. Poor WASH score was uniformly distributed across the villages. Low per capita income (≤1000 INR) was strongly associated with the poor WASH score (Adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.7). The per capita income had a strong negative association with the high fecal coliform count (Adjusted OR 5.07; 95% CI: 1.08, 23.74). Conclusions: We conclude that WASH-related practices among the tribal population of Tamil Nadu is not acceptable. The lack of administrative function and poor economic conditions are the likely causes attributed to the poor WASH conditions and drinking water quality. Urgent action from the stakeholders is the need of the hour to improve the water quality and living standards of such marginalized populations.
Applied and environmental microbiology, Jan 26, 2015
Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality in Indian children under five. Flies carry en... more Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality in Indian children under five. Flies carry enteric pathogens and may mediate food-borne infections. In this study, we characterized fly densities as a determinant of infectious diarrhea in a longitudinal cohort of 160 urban and 80 rural households with 1274 individuals (27% - under 5) in Vellore, India. Household questionnaires on living conditions were completed at enrollment. Fly abundance was measured in wet and dry seasons using fly ribbons placed in kitchens. PCR for enteric bacteria, viruses, and protozoan were performed on 60 fly samples. Forty-three (72%) fly samples were positive for pathogens: Norovirus (50%), Salmonella spp. (46.7%), Rotavirus (6.7%), and E.coli (6.7%). Ninety-one (89% - in children under five) episodes of diarrhea occurred. Stool pathogens isolated in 24 of 77 (31%) of samples included E.coli, Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Rotavirus. Multivariate log-linear models were used t...
NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 2013
Poor handling, storage, and application of agrochemicals have resulted in a steep rise in mortali... more Poor handling, storage, and application of agrochemicals have resulted in a steep rise in mortality and morbidity associated with their use. This study aimed at assessing the awareness of wives of farmers and farmworkers in rural Vellore on the use and health effects of agrochemicals to identify gaps in their knowledge. A cross-sectional survey among 512 wives was conducted. Nearly 75 percent of the wives (384/512) did not know that agrochemicals could pass through skin. Also, wives who owned between 1 and 5 acres of land had a higher odds of knowing that agrochemicals were harmful (OR: 1.71(1.03-2-85), p < 0.05) and need to be disposed safely (OR: 4.76 (1.47-15.36), p < 0.05), than those owning less than an acre or no land. There is a need to educate women associated with agriculture in India on the harms and proper use of agrochemicals in order to better protect and inform their households and communities.
One major question facing operators everywhere is how to be sure that everything goes fine as wel... more One major question facing operators everywhere is how to be sure that everything goes fine as well as how black holes can be detected in their networks? Passive network monitoring is very suitable for this purpose. It can be used for searching problems of a single network device, a major problem affecting the whole LAN or core network. Passive network monitoring, however, is not just for problem solving, it can also be used for creating network statistics or for measuring network performance. As will be seen in this survey, it is a very powerful tool in everyday network life. Delay or packet loss can be measured with either passive or active means. In this survey, the focus is on both passive and active measurements. The goal of this survey is to introduce the reader to passive and active measurements in data networks. Keywords— Network Measurements, Monitoring Methods, Active Measurements, Passive Measurements, Techniques.
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Papers by Venkat Mohan