European Food Research and Technology, Nov 1, 1993
Different kinds of protein (crude, digestible, non-digestible) were analysed in caps and stipe of... more Different kinds of protein (crude, digestible, non-digestible) were analysed in caps and stipe of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) in four phases of development. The phases examined were: a (cap diameter < 5 cm); B (diameter 5-8 cm); C (diameter, 8-10 cm) and D (diameter > 10 cm). The Pleurotus variety analysed (the cap and the stipe) has a relative high crude protein content, the main part of which is digestible (average, 92%). During the four stages of fruit body ripening, stage B was the best, with the highest crude and digestible protein concentrations. In stage D the highest non-digestible protein content was measured in the cap and stipe. These data can be used for optimal harvesting of fruit bodies of cultivated P. ostreatus.
ABSTRACT Occurrence, content and biological role(s) of lithium in plant-, animal- and human tissu... more ABSTRACT Occurrence, content and biological role(s) of lithium in plant-, animal- and human tissues are partly understood, but information about Li levels of fungi (macrofungi) is practically absent. 171 samples of 38 common, edible wild mushroom species, originating from different localities in Hungary, were analysed. 44 samples had undetectable and 127 detectable (i.e. higher than 0.03 ppm) lithium concentrations. The average Li level of all analysed sporocarp samples was 0.189 ppm, which is below the upper limit (0.2 ppm) for plant lithium content in Hungary. The highest, average Li contents were found in Craterellus cornucopioides (0.609 ppm), Amanita strobiliformis (0.520 ppm) and Psathyrella candolleana (0.390 ppm). However, these species are not members of the so-called “bioaccumulator” fungi (their concentrations are only two–three fold higher than the average).The mushrooms samples, collected from habitats of Mt. Vértes (in middle-Hungary), have significantly higher Li contents than mushrooms originating from other localities. Lithium contents of edible mushrooms of the three important types (saprotrophic, mycorrhizal and wood-destroying ones) do not differ significantly (although the wood-destroying group has the lowest average content).According to our data and calculations, a daily consumption of 100 g fresh mushroom can give only 1–6 μg Li intake per person. This is less than 1% of the human daily Li requirement.
Contents of 23 elements were estimated in pilei and stipes of different varieties of three cultiv... more Contents of 23 elements were estimated in pilei and stipes of different varieties of three cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes). The average data of element's composition were evaluated and compared to each other and to the average composition of the wild growing fungi. The high and remarkable K (and partly P) contents are postulated, first of all to Agaricus bisporus. The Ca and Mg contents are in general relative stable and balanced. Copper and Mn as valuable microelements required to the normal human biochemical processes have important quantities. Low sodium levels are characteristic to all examined mushrooms, the lowest values were found for Pleurotus ostreatus. The high K and the low Na contents mean a valuable rate of K and Na (to all species) in the human nutrition of some patients. Selenium level of Agaricus bisporus (2.3-2.7 mg kg-1, d.m.) may improve the Se-supply of the customers. Our data demonstrate clearly that the Cd and As levels of three spec...
Among the toxic metabolites of the fungal world, those that, due to their strong biological effec... more Among the toxic metabolites of the fungal world, those that, due to their strong biological effect, can seriously (even fatally) damage the life processes of humans (and certain groups of animals) stand out. Amatoxin-containing mushrooms and the poisonings caused by them stand out from the higher fungi, the mushrooms. There are already historical data and records about such poisonings, but scientific research on the responsible molecules began in the middle of the last century. The goals of this review work are as follows: presentation of the cosmopolitan mushroom species that produce amanitins (which are known from certain genera of four mushroom families), an overview of the chemical structure and specific properties of amanitins, a summary of the analytical methods applicable to them, a presentation of the “medical history” of poisonings, and a summary of the therapeutic methods used so far. The main responsible molecules (the amanitins) are bicyclic octapeptides, whose structure...
The selenium content of different and higher macrofungi species was analysed. Although most of th... more The selenium content of different and higher macrofungi species was analysed. Although most of the species have no measurable selenium content, in a few cases high selenium level was found. On the basis of our results the Boletus species (B. edulis, B. luridus) can be regarded as selenium «accumulators», the highest concentration being about 3.0 mg per 100 mg. Species possessing high selenium content could be used as «medicinal» fungi. Since the human diet has a suboptimal selenium concentration in general, the ingestion of selenium «accumulating» fungi might serve as natural selenium supplements
European Food Research and Technology, Nov 1, 1993
Different kinds of protein (crude, digestible, non-digestible) were analysed in caps and stipe of... more Different kinds of protein (crude, digestible, non-digestible) were analysed in caps and stipe of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) in four phases of development. The phases examined were: a (cap diameter < 5 cm); B (diameter 5-8 cm); C (diameter, 8-10 cm) and D (diameter > 10 cm). The Pleurotus variety analysed (the cap and the stipe) has a relative high crude protein content, the main part of which is digestible (average, 92%). During the four stages of fruit body ripening, stage B was the best, with the highest crude and digestible protein concentrations. In stage D the highest non-digestible protein content was measured in the cap and stipe. These data can be used for optimal harvesting of fruit bodies of cultivated P. ostreatus.
ABSTRACT Occurrence, content and biological role(s) of lithium in plant-, animal- and human tissu... more ABSTRACT Occurrence, content and biological role(s) of lithium in plant-, animal- and human tissues are partly understood, but information about Li levels of fungi (macrofungi) is practically absent. 171 samples of 38 common, edible wild mushroom species, originating from different localities in Hungary, were analysed. 44 samples had undetectable and 127 detectable (i.e. higher than 0.03 ppm) lithium concentrations. The average Li level of all analysed sporocarp samples was 0.189 ppm, which is below the upper limit (0.2 ppm) for plant lithium content in Hungary. The highest, average Li contents were found in Craterellus cornucopioides (0.609 ppm), Amanita strobiliformis (0.520 ppm) and Psathyrella candolleana (0.390 ppm). However, these species are not members of the so-called “bioaccumulator” fungi (their concentrations are only two–three fold higher than the average).The mushrooms samples, collected from habitats of Mt. Vértes (in middle-Hungary), have significantly higher Li contents than mushrooms originating from other localities. Lithium contents of edible mushrooms of the three important types (saprotrophic, mycorrhizal and wood-destroying ones) do not differ significantly (although the wood-destroying group has the lowest average content).According to our data and calculations, a daily consumption of 100 g fresh mushroom can give only 1–6 μg Li intake per person. This is less than 1% of the human daily Li requirement.
Contents of 23 elements were estimated in pilei and stipes of different varieties of three cultiv... more Contents of 23 elements were estimated in pilei and stipes of different varieties of three cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes). The average data of element's composition were evaluated and compared to each other and to the average composition of the wild growing fungi. The high and remarkable K (and partly P) contents are postulated, first of all to Agaricus bisporus. The Ca and Mg contents are in general relative stable and balanced. Copper and Mn as valuable microelements required to the normal human biochemical processes have important quantities. Low sodium levels are characteristic to all examined mushrooms, the lowest values were found for Pleurotus ostreatus. The high K and the low Na contents mean a valuable rate of K and Na (to all species) in the human nutrition of some patients. Selenium level of Agaricus bisporus (2.3-2.7 mg kg-1, d.m.) may improve the Se-supply of the customers. Our data demonstrate clearly that the Cd and As levels of three spec...
Among the toxic metabolites of the fungal world, those that, due to their strong biological effec... more Among the toxic metabolites of the fungal world, those that, due to their strong biological effect, can seriously (even fatally) damage the life processes of humans (and certain groups of animals) stand out. Amatoxin-containing mushrooms and the poisonings caused by them stand out from the higher fungi, the mushrooms. There are already historical data and records about such poisonings, but scientific research on the responsible molecules began in the middle of the last century. The goals of this review work are as follows: presentation of the cosmopolitan mushroom species that produce amanitins (which are known from certain genera of four mushroom families), an overview of the chemical structure and specific properties of amanitins, a summary of the analytical methods applicable to them, a presentation of the “medical history” of poisonings, and a summary of the therapeutic methods used so far. The main responsible molecules (the amanitins) are bicyclic octapeptides, whose structure...
The selenium content of different and higher macrofungi species was analysed. Although most of th... more The selenium content of different and higher macrofungi species was analysed. Although most of the species have no measurable selenium content, in a few cases high selenium level was found. On the basis of our results the Boletus species (B. edulis, B. luridus) can be regarded as selenium «accumulators», the highest concentration being about 3.0 mg per 100 mg. Species possessing high selenium content could be used as «medicinal» fungi. Since the human diet has a suboptimal selenium concentration in general, the ingestion of selenium «accumulating» fungi might serve as natural selenium supplements
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