The World Health Organization estimates that the number of obese and overweight adults has increa... more The World Health Organization estimates that the number of obese and overweight adults has increased to 1.6 billion, with concomitant increases in comorbidity. While genetic factors for obesity have been extensively studied in Caucasians, fewer studies have investigated genetic determinants of body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)) in African Americans. A total of 38 genes and 1,086 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in African Americans (n 1⁄4 1,173) and 897 SNPs in Caucasians (n 1⁄4 1,165) were examined in the Southern Community Cohort Study (2002–2009) for associations with BMI and gene 3 environment interactions. A statistically significant association with BMI survived correction for multiple testing at rs4140535 (b 1⁄4 0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.02; P 1⁄4 5.763 10 ) in African Americans but not in Caucasians. Gene-environment interactions were observed with cigarette smoking and a SNP in ADIPOR1 in African Americans, as well as between a different SNP in...
International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 1999
Summary Samples of cooked ham and bacon were dipped in water or 2, 4 or 6% gelatin solutions. Sam... more Summary Samples of cooked ham and bacon were dipped in water or 2, 4 or 6% gelatin solutions. Samples were then packed in oxygen permeable or vacuum packaging film and stored at −18 °C for seven months. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) and colour stability (Hunter a* values) were assessed monthly. The gelatin coating exerted beneficial effects on oxidative and colour stability.
Objectives:To identify and characterise dietary patterns in a middle-aged Irish population sample... more Objectives:To identify and characterise dietary patterns in a middle-aged Irish population sample and study associations between these patterns, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Design:A cross-sectional study.Subjects and methods:A group of 1473 men and women were sampled from 17 general practice lists in the South of Ireland. A total of 1018 attended for screening, with a response rate of 69%. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample for glucose, lipids and homocysteine. Dietary intake was assessed using a standard food-frequency questionnaire adapted for use in the Irish population. The food-frequency questionnaire was a modification of that used in the UK arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer study, which was based on that used in the US Nurses' Health Study. Dietary patterns were assessed primarily by K-means cluster analysis, fol...
It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2... more It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). However, data linking type 2 DM risk and legume intake are limited. The objective of the study was to examine the association between legume and soy food consumption and self-reported type 2 DM. The study was conducted in a population-based prospective cohort of middle-aged Chinese women. We followed 64,227 women with no history of type 2 DM, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at study recruitment for an average of 4.6 y. Participants completed in-person interviews that collected information on diabetes risk factors, including dietary intake and physical activity in adulthood. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey and at the first follow-up survey administered 2-3 y after study recruitment. We observed an inverse association between quintiles of total legume i...
Participants with the metabolic syndrome are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary h... more Participants with the metabolic syndrome are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role of lifestyle risk factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome with particular reference to physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. We performed a cross sectional study of the prevalence of CVD risk factors and glucose intolerance, including type 2 diabetes involving a group of 1473 men and women were sampled from 17 general practice lists in the South of Ireland. A total of 1018 attended for screening, giving a response rate of 69%. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided fasting blood samples for analysis of glucose, insulin and lipids. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the current WHO criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 21.0% (95% C.I. 18.7% to 24.1%). In multivariate analyses with the metabolic syndrome as the dependent variable ...
The World Health Organization estimates that the number of obese and overweight adults has increa... more The World Health Organization estimates that the number of obese and overweight adults has increased to 1.6 billion, with concomitant increases in comorbidity. While genetic factors for obesity have been extensively studied in Caucasians, fewer studies have investigated genetic determinants of body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)) in African Americans. A total of 38 genes and 1,086 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in African Americans (n 1⁄4 1,173) and 897 SNPs in Caucasians (n 1⁄4 1,165) were examined in the Southern Community Cohort Study (2002–2009) for associations with BMI and gene 3 environment interactions. A statistically significant association with BMI survived correction for multiple testing at rs4140535 (b 1⁄4 0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.02; P 1⁄4 5.763 10 ) in African Americans but not in Caucasians. Gene-environment interactions were observed with cigarette smoking and a SNP in ADIPOR1 in African Americans, as well as between a different SNP in...
International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 1999
Summary Samples of cooked ham and bacon were dipped in water or 2, 4 or 6% gelatin solutions. Sam... more Summary Samples of cooked ham and bacon were dipped in water or 2, 4 or 6% gelatin solutions. Samples were then packed in oxygen permeable or vacuum packaging film and stored at −18 °C for seven months. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) and colour stability (Hunter a* values) were assessed monthly. The gelatin coating exerted beneficial effects on oxidative and colour stability.
Objectives:To identify and characterise dietary patterns in a middle-aged Irish population sample... more Objectives:To identify and characterise dietary patterns in a middle-aged Irish population sample and study associations between these patterns, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Design:A cross-sectional study.Subjects and methods:A group of 1473 men and women were sampled from 17 general practice lists in the South of Ireland. A total of 1018 attended for screening, with a response rate of 69%. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample for glucose, lipids and homocysteine. Dietary intake was assessed using a standard food-frequency questionnaire adapted for use in the Irish population. The food-frequency questionnaire was a modification of that used in the UK arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer study, which was based on that used in the US Nurses' Health Study. Dietary patterns were assessed primarily by K-means cluster analysis, fol...
It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2... more It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). However, data linking type 2 DM risk and legume intake are limited. The objective of the study was to examine the association between legume and soy food consumption and self-reported type 2 DM. The study was conducted in a population-based prospective cohort of middle-aged Chinese women. We followed 64,227 women with no history of type 2 DM, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at study recruitment for an average of 4.6 y. Participants completed in-person interviews that collected information on diabetes risk factors, including dietary intake and physical activity in adulthood. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey and at the first follow-up survey administered 2-3 y after study recruitment. We observed an inverse association between quintiles of total legume i...
Participants with the metabolic syndrome are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary h... more Participants with the metabolic syndrome are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role of lifestyle risk factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome with particular reference to physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. We performed a cross sectional study of the prevalence of CVD risk factors and glucose intolerance, including type 2 diabetes involving a group of 1473 men and women were sampled from 17 general practice lists in the South of Ireland. A total of 1018 attended for screening, giving a response rate of 69%. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided fasting blood samples for analysis of glucose, insulin and lipids. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the current WHO criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 21.0% (95% C.I. 18.7% to 24.1%). In multivariate analyses with the metabolic syndrome as the dependent variable ...
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Papers by Raquel Villegas