Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00207217 2014 977357, Nov 21, 2014
ABSTRACT Switching activity is much higher in test mode as compared to normal mode of operation w... more ABSTRACT Switching activity is much higher in test mode as compared to normal mode of operation which causes higher power dissipation, and this leads to several reliability issues. Output gating is proposed as a very effective low-power test technique, which is used to eliminate redundant switching activity in the combinational logic of circuit under test (CUT) during the shifting of test vectors in a scan chain. This method reduces the average power significantly, but it introduces performance overhead in normal mode of operation. In this work, a new output gating technique is proposed which eliminates redundant switching activity in combinational logic of CUT during shifting of test vectors without any negative impact on performance as compared to earlier proposed output gating techniques. The proposed design also improves the performance of the scan flop in functional mode with negligible area overhead incurred due to extra transistors. Experimental results show that our design has a more robust performance over wide range of capacitive load as compared to earlier designs.
Rapidly increasing the power consumption and shortage in generating and transmission capacities h... more Rapidly increasing the power consumption and shortage in generating and transmission capacities have set the trend towards the Distributed Generation (DG) sources. Still there is not a universal definition of DG. This paper discusses the different definitions proposed in the literature. Further DG system to become a major stake holder in the current power scenario it needs to be connected with the existing grid system. This integration will cause some technical, operational and economic impacts on distribution systems. This paper also summarizes these different impacts of DG on distribution system.
In this paper investigations are made with different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniqu... more In this paper investigations are made with different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for a photovoltaic generator (PVG). The PVG is used to supply an induction motor driving a centrifugal pump. Boost converter and inverter are connected in between PVG and motor for power conditioning. Three MPPT techniques are designed and compared. These techniques are incremental conductance (IC), constant voltage controlled (CVC) and fuzzy based perturbation and observation (FPO). Rule Base of FPO is designed with nine rules only, so that it can be implemented on limited memory and speed processors. System performance is analyzed with the help of developed simulation models. A comparative study of these techniques is also summarized. The obtained simulation results indicate that FPO scheme yields better performance.
Reliability analysis of any network is essential to find out how efficiently a component, a part ... more Reliability analysis of any network is essential to find out how efficiently a component, a part or the whole system works under the specified conditions in a specified time. Reliability analysis can be done by many different methods. In this paper we use analytical method of reliability analysis. In this method we use MATLAB as a tool to calculate the reliability of the system under consideration. Reliability of any system can be improved by using Distribution Generators (DG). These DGs can be any power source such as wind turbine, bio mass, photovoltaic, fuel cell, micro turbine, hydroelectric plant, etc., and ranging from few kW to many MW depending upon the need to the system. Placement of DG can affect the reliability of the system both positively and negatively depending upon the distribution system and its characteristics. This paper also consist a comparative study of reliability analysis of a system with and without the DG. The proposed method is implemented 33/11 kV Kiloka...
Coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon and may be complicated by rupture, thromboembolic phenomen... more Coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon and may be complicated by rupture, thromboembolic phenomenon, and more rarely fistulation into one of the cardiac chambers. This case report highlights the difficulty in making a preoperative diagnosis of a coronary artery aneurysm that has fistulated into the right atrium, and lists possible differential diagnoses.
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 2012
ABSTRACT Delay faults are regularly encountered in nanometric regime that’s why it is very import... more ABSTRACT Delay faults are regularly encountered in nanometric regime that’s why it is very important to detect these faults during the manufacturing test. Testing of delay fault requires two test vectors. In general delay faults are tested using scan-based designs. The second test vector is generated in scan either by broadside test (launch of capture test) or by skewed load test (launch-on-shift). Broadside test is preferred over skewed load test approach in designs because it is implemented by system clock for scan operations while skewed load delay test requires fast scan enable signal which is not supported by most of designs but skewed load delay test provides better transition delay fault coverage with fewer test patterns compared to broadside delay test. For maximum detection of delay faults it is essential that vectors in the pair should be independent. Due to structural limitation of scan independent test vector can’t be applied to the design, which results in degradation of delay test coverage. However this can be accomplished by the use of enhance scan flip-flop which presents the application of independent delay test vector pair at the cost of high area overhead and also requires fast hold signal, similar to scan enable signal in case of skewed load testing. This paper presents a new enhanced scan flip-flop design implemented with slow hold signal and we also discussed the performance penalty caused by the delay testable enhance scan flip-flop. Experimental results shows improvement in transition delay fault coverage on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuit with this method.
2011 International Symposium on Electronic System Design, 2011
Abstract The Scan based testing is used for delay testing in sequential circuits and in general i... more Abstract The Scan based testing is used for delay testing in sequential circuits and in general it is implemented by using launch-on-capture (LoC) delay tests. Launch-on-shift (LoS) delay tests are usually more efficient to obtain high fault coverage with appreciably ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00207217 2014 977357, Nov 21, 2014
ABSTRACT Switching activity is much higher in test mode as compared to normal mode of operation w... more ABSTRACT Switching activity is much higher in test mode as compared to normal mode of operation which causes higher power dissipation, and this leads to several reliability issues. Output gating is proposed as a very effective low-power test technique, which is used to eliminate redundant switching activity in the combinational logic of circuit under test (CUT) during the shifting of test vectors in a scan chain. This method reduces the average power significantly, but it introduces performance overhead in normal mode of operation. In this work, a new output gating technique is proposed which eliminates redundant switching activity in combinational logic of CUT during shifting of test vectors without any negative impact on performance as compared to earlier proposed output gating techniques. The proposed design also improves the performance of the scan flop in functional mode with negligible area overhead incurred due to extra transistors. Experimental results show that our design has a more robust performance over wide range of capacitive load as compared to earlier designs.
Rapidly increasing the power consumption and shortage in generating and transmission capacities h... more Rapidly increasing the power consumption and shortage in generating and transmission capacities have set the trend towards the Distributed Generation (DG) sources. Still there is not a universal definition of DG. This paper discusses the different definitions proposed in the literature. Further DG system to become a major stake holder in the current power scenario it needs to be connected with the existing grid system. This integration will cause some technical, operational and economic impacts on distribution systems. This paper also summarizes these different impacts of DG on distribution system.
In this paper investigations are made with different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniqu... more In this paper investigations are made with different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for a photovoltaic generator (PVG). The PVG is used to supply an induction motor driving a centrifugal pump. Boost converter and inverter are connected in between PVG and motor for power conditioning. Three MPPT techniques are designed and compared. These techniques are incremental conductance (IC), constant voltage controlled (CVC) and fuzzy based perturbation and observation (FPO). Rule Base of FPO is designed with nine rules only, so that it can be implemented on limited memory and speed processors. System performance is analyzed with the help of developed simulation models. A comparative study of these techniques is also summarized. The obtained simulation results indicate that FPO scheme yields better performance.
Reliability analysis of any network is essential to find out how efficiently a component, a part ... more Reliability analysis of any network is essential to find out how efficiently a component, a part or the whole system works under the specified conditions in a specified time. Reliability analysis can be done by many different methods. In this paper we use analytical method of reliability analysis. In this method we use MATLAB as a tool to calculate the reliability of the system under consideration. Reliability of any system can be improved by using Distribution Generators (DG). These DGs can be any power source such as wind turbine, bio mass, photovoltaic, fuel cell, micro turbine, hydroelectric plant, etc., and ranging from few kW to many MW depending upon the need to the system. Placement of DG can affect the reliability of the system both positively and negatively depending upon the distribution system and its characteristics. This paper also consist a comparative study of reliability analysis of a system with and without the DG. The proposed method is implemented 33/11 kV Kiloka...
Coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon and may be complicated by rupture, thromboembolic phenomen... more Coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon and may be complicated by rupture, thromboembolic phenomenon, and more rarely fistulation into one of the cardiac chambers. This case report highlights the difficulty in making a preoperative diagnosis of a coronary artery aneurysm that has fistulated into the right atrium, and lists possible differential diagnoses.
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 2012
ABSTRACT Delay faults are regularly encountered in nanometric regime that’s why it is very import... more ABSTRACT Delay faults are regularly encountered in nanometric regime that’s why it is very important to detect these faults during the manufacturing test. Testing of delay fault requires two test vectors. In general delay faults are tested using scan-based designs. The second test vector is generated in scan either by broadside test (launch of capture test) or by skewed load test (launch-on-shift). Broadside test is preferred over skewed load test approach in designs because it is implemented by system clock for scan operations while skewed load delay test requires fast scan enable signal which is not supported by most of designs but skewed load delay test provides better transition delay fault coverage with fewer test patterns compared to broadside delay test. For maximum detection of delay faults it is essential that vectors in the pair should be independent. Due to structural limitation of scan independent test vector can’t be applied to the design, which results in degradation of delay test coverage. However this can be accomplished by the use of enhance scan flip-flop which presents the application of independent delay test vector pair at the cost of high area overhead and also requires fast hold signal, similar to scan enable signal in case of skewed load testing. This paper presents a new enhanced scan flip-flop design implemented with slow hold signal and we also discussed the performance penalty caused by the delay testable enhance scan flip-flop. Experimental results shows improvement in transition delay fault coverage on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuit with this method.
2011 International Symposium on Electronic System Design, 2011
Abstract The Scan based testing is used for delay testing in sequential circuits and in general i... more Abstract The Scan based testing is used for delay testing in sequential circuits and in general it is implemented by using launch-on-capture (LoC) delay tests. Launch-on-shift (LoS) delay tests are usually more efficient to obtain high fault coverage with appreciably ...
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