Background: Adverse health events associated with the exposure of healthcare workers to antineopl... more Background: Adverse health events associated with the exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic drugs are well documented in literature and are often related to the chemical contamination of work surfaces. It is therefore crucial for healthcare professionals to validate the efficiency of safety procedures by periodic biological and environmental monitoring activities where the main methodological limitations are related to the complexity, in terms of chemical-physical features and chemical-biological stability, of the drugs analyzed. Materials and methods: Here we describe the evaluation and application of a UHPLC-MS/MS based protocol for the environmental monitoring of hospital working areas potentially contaminated with methotrexate, iphosphamide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, irinotecan, and paclitaxel. This methodology was used to evaluate working areas devoted to the preparation of chemotherapeutics and combination regimens at the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Di...
Livestock breeding activities and pharmaceutical wastes lead to considerable accumulation of ster... more Livestock breeding activities and pharmaceutical wastes lead to considerable accumulation of steroid hormones and estrogens in wastewaters. Here estrogens act as pro-cancerogenic agents and endocrine disruptors interfering with the sexual development of aquatic animals and having toxic effects in humans. Environmental bacteria play a vital role in estrogens degradation. Their wide reservoir of enzymes, such as ring cleavage dioxygenases (RCDs), can degrade the steroid nucleus, catalyzing the meta-cleavage of A, B or D steroid rings. In this work, 4 extra-diol ring cleavage dioxygenases (ERCDs), PP28735, PP26077, PP00124 and PP00193, were isolated from the marine sphingomonad Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y and characterized. Enzymes kinetic parameters were determined on different synthetic catecholic substrates. Then, the bioconversion of catechol estrogens was evaluated. PP00124 showed to be an efficient catalyst for the degradation of 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), a carcinogenic hydroxyla...
BackgroundLevodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). ... more BackgroundLevodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Unfortunately, prolonged use of LD leads to complications, mainly motor/non-motor fluctuations (MNMF) and dyskinesias (DYS). Women seem more prone to develop such LD-related complications. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of prospective studies examining gender-related predictors of MNMF and DYS. Among several factors, which concur with a very complex scenario, changes in LD pharmacokinetics influence the drug’s effectiveness. The present study aimed to assess gender-related differences in LD pharmacokinetics in patients with PD at their first-ever intake of LD.Materials and MethodsThis is a multicentric study enrolling patients with PD, who were LD-naïve and received a single dose of LD/benserazide (100/25 mg) formulation. All participants gave their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the local Ethics Committees. To measure plasma LD concentrations and pharmacokineti...
Cenobamate (CNB) is the newest antiseizure medication (ASM) approved by the FDA in 2019 to reduce... more Cenobamate (CNB) is the newest antiseizure medication (ASM) approved by the FDA in 2019 to reduce uncontrolled partial-onset seizures in adult patients. Marketed as Xcopri in the USA or Ontozry in the EU (tablets), its mechanism of action has not been fully understood yet; however, it is known that it inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and positively modulates the aminobutyric acid (GABA) ion channel. CNB shows 88% of oral bioavailability and is responsible for modifying the plasma concentrations of other co-administered ASMs, such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and the active metabolite of clobazam. It also interferes with CYP2B6 and CYP3A substrates. Nowadays, few methods are reported in the literature to quantify CNB in human plasma. The aim of this study was to develop and validate, according to the most recent guidelines, an analytical method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) to ev...
Exercise training (ET) is a natural activator of silent mating type information regulation 2 homo... more Exercise training (ET) is a natural activator of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a stress-sensor able to increase the endogenous antioxidant system. SIRT1 activators include polyphenols and vitamins, the antioxidant properties of which are well-known. Antioxidant supplements are used to improve athletic performance. However, they might blunt ET-related benefits. Middle-distance runners (MDR) taking (MDR-S) or not taking antioxidant supplements (MDR-NoS) were compared with each other and with sedentary subjects (CTR) to evaluate the ET effects on SIRT1 levels and oxidative stress, and to investigate whether an exogenous source of antioxidants could interfere with such effects. Thirty-two MDR and 14 CTR were enrolled. MDR-S took 240 mg vitamin C and 15 mg vitamin E together with mineral salts. SIRT1 mRNA and activity were measured in PBMCs. Total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were determined in plasma. MDR showed higher lev...
Background: Novosphingobium sp. strain PP1Y is a marine α-proteobacterium adapted to grow at the ... more Background: Novosphingobium sp. strain PP1Y is a marine α-proteobacterium adapted to grow at the water/fuel oil interface. It exploits the aromatic fraction of fuel oils as a carbon and energy source. PP1Y is able to grow on a wide range of mono-, poly- and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report the complete functional annotation of the whole Novosphingobium genome. Results: PP1Y genome analysis and its comparison with other Sphingomonadal genomes has yielded novel insights into the molecular basis of PP1Y’s phenotypic traits, such as its peculiar ability to encapsulate and degrade the aromatic fraction of fuel oils. In particular, we have identified and dissected several highly specialized metabolic pathways involved in: (i) aromatic hydrocarbon degradation; (ii) resistance to toxic compounds; and (iii) the quorum sensing mechanism. Conclusions: In summary, the unraveling of the entire PP1Y genome sequence has provided important insight into PP1Y metabolism and, most i...
The collection of papers is the result of the first year's results of the Project: METABOLIS... more The collection of papers is the result of the first year's results of the Project: METABOLISM AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS FOR THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC MOLECULES. Aim of the research project is to gain knowledge in microorganisms ...
Myelofibrosis (MF), a chronicmyeloproliferative disorder, is characterized by early bonemarrow (B... more Myelofibrosis (MF), a chronicmyeloproliferative disorder, is characterized by early bonemarrow (BM) hyperplasia and late-stage fibrosis and splenomegaly. More than 50% of patients carry a somatic mutation (V617F) in the gene encoding for the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), a tyrosine kinase involved in several signaling pathways [1,2], ultimately leading to uncontrolled proliferation and cell survival [3]. In 2011, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, has been approved for treatment of primary MF (PMF) [4,5]. This drug competitively inhibits the JAK2 ATP-binding catalytic site and decreases STAT5 activity, downregulates inflammatory signaling pathways, and reduces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation rate especially in those cells harboring the JAK2V617F mutation [3]. BM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could modify the BM niche composition, ameliorate fibrosis during various treatments [6], and might also modulate uptake, release, and metabolism of ruxolitinib. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the uptake rate of ruxolitinib by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) derived from MF patients and to study the effects of treated BM-MSCs and conditioned culture media on leukemic cell growth in order to add further information to ruxolitinib mechanism of action inMF. BM heparinized specimens were collected from five patients with PMF or postpolycythemia vera myelofibrosis (PV-MF) carrying the JAK2V617F mutation (Figure 1A) after informed consent obtained in accordance with protocols approved by the Ethic Committee of Our Institution (ASL Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, Italy; prot./SCCE n. 24988). Patients received a diagnosis of PMF or PV-MF according to the 2016 WHO criteria (BM histology of two representative patients in Figure 1B). A total of 5 × 104 BM mononuclear cells/cm2 was seeded in the presence of alpha-MEMwith L-glutamine supplemented with 10% FBS (Corning Inc., Corning, NY) and antibiotics (penicillin 100 U/mL, streptomycin 100 mg/mL, and amphotericin B 0.25 mg/mL; Biowest, Nuaillé, France). MSC colony growth was monitored for 14 days; then, colonies were detached by trypsinization (4.5 mL/Flask of 0.025% Tripsin/EDTA, for 7 min at +37◦C), and cells were seeded at 4000 cells/cm2. BM-MSCs were expanded up to the third passage and mesenchymal phenotype was confirmed according to the International Society of Cellular Therapy guidelines [7]. A total of 1 × 105 cells was stained with the following antibodies: CD90-FITC or HLA-DR-FITC;
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2019
The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and p... more The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and protective sports science in order to identify the best diagnostic strategy to improve performance and reduce risks related to physical exercise. In the present review we aim to define the main biochemical and haematological markers that vary significantly during and after sports training to identify risk factors, at competitive and professional levels and to highlight the set up of a specific parameter’s panel for elite athletes. Moreover, we also intend to consider additional biomarkers, still under investigation, which could further contribute to laboratory sports medicine and provide reliable data that can be used by athlete’s competent staff in order to establish personal attitudes and prevent sports injuries.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2018
HIGHLIGHTSNew biological monitoring protocol including eight biomarkers in two matrixes.LC–MS/MS ... more HIGHLIGHTSNew biological monitoring protocol including eight biomarkers in two matrixes.LC–MS/MS analyses allowed reaching very low LLOQ and LLOD for all the analytes.The method was successfully applied for worker samples analysis. ABSTRACT Exposure of healthcare workers to anticancer drugs requires the combined action of environmental and biological monitoring to assess the effective level of exposure to these chemicals, to improve awareness and to avoid adverse health effects on this category of workers. Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs show different mechanisms of action due to diverse chemical structures; consequently, they differ in hydrophobicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, the appearance, accumulation and elimination of each of these molecules in body fluids and tissues might be extremely variable; this prompts the need for a rapid and versatile analytical protocol for the biological monitoring of possible exposure of workers involved in the manipulation, administration and disposal of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper we describe the development, optimization and validation of a UHPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quasi‐quantitative analysis of eight widely used antineoplastic drugs, which can be used for the analysis of both urine and blood samples. This methodology was applied to the biological monitoring of healthcare workers exposed to different extents to antiblastic drugs at the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona” in Salerno (Italy), and allowed to identify two subjects exposed to irinotecan out of a total of fifteen workers analyzed.
Monocyclic phenols and catechols are important antioxidant compounds for the food and pharmaceuti... more Monocyclic phenols and catechols are important antioxidant compounds for the food and pharmaceutic industries; their production through biotransformation of low-added value starting compounds is of major biotechnological interest. The toluene o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from Pseudomonas sp. OX1 is a bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase (BMM) that is able to hydroxylate a wide array of aromatic compounds and has already proven to be a versatile biochemical tool to produce mono- and dihydroxylated derivatives of aromatic compounds. The molecular determinants of its regioselectivity and substrate specificity have been thoroughly investigated, and a computational strategy has been developed which allows designing mutants able to hydroxylate non-natural substrates of this enzyme to obtain high-added value compounds of commercial interest. In this work, we have investigated the use of recombinant ToMO, expressed in cells of Escherichia coli strain JM109, for the biotransformation of n...
Background: The safety of healthcare workers exposed to formaldehyde remains a great matter of co... more Background: The safety of healthcare workers exposed to formaldehyde remains a great matter of concern for healthcare management units. This work aimed at describing the results of a combined monitoring approach (environmental and biological) to manage occupational exposure to formaldehyde in a hospital setting.Design and Methods: Environmental monitoring of working spaces and biological monitoring of urinary formaldehyde in 16 exposed healthcare workers of the Anatomic Pathology Unit of a University Hospital in Southern Italy was performed on a four-year timescale (2016-2019).Results: Values of aero-dispersed formaldehyde identified were on average low; although workers' urinary formaldehyde levels were also minimal, the statistical analysis highlighted a slight weekly accumulation.Conclusions: Our data confirm that both environmental and biological monitoring are important to identify risk situations, in particular when values of hazardous compounds are below the accepted occu...
Background: Adverse health events associated with the exposure of healthcare workers to antineopl... more Background: Adverse health events associated with the exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic drugs are well documented in literature and are often related to the chemical contamination of work surfaces. It is therefore crucial for healthcare professionals to validate the efficiency of safety procedures by periodic biological and environmental monitoring activities where the main methodological limitations are related to the complexity, in terms of chemical-physical features and chemical-biological stability, of the drugs analyzed. Materials and methods: Here we describe the evaluation and application of a UHPLC-MS/MS based protocol for the environmental monitoring of hospital working areas potentially contaminated with methotrexate, iphosphamide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, irinotecan, and paclitaxel. This methodology was used to evaluate working areas devoted to the preparation of chemotherapeutics and combination regimens at the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Di...
Livestock breeding activities and pharmaceutical wastes lead to considerable accumulation of ster... more Livestock breeding activities and pharmaceutical wastes lead to considerable accumulation of steroid hormones and estrogens in wastewaters. Here estrogens act as pro-cancerogenic agents and endocrine disruptors interfering with the sexual development of aquatic animals and having toxic effects in humans. Environmental bacteria play a vital role in estrogens degradation. Their wide reservoir of enzymes, such as ring cleavage dioxygenases (RCDs), can degrade the steroid nucleus, catalyzing the meta-cleavage of A, B or D steroid rings. In this work, 4 extra-diol ring cleavage dioxygenases (ERCDs), PP28735, PP26077, PP00124 and PP00193, were isolated from the marine sphingomonad Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y and characterized. Enzymes kinetic parameters were determined on different synthetic catecholic substrates. Then, the bioconversion of catechol estrogens was evaluated. PP00124 showed to be an efficient catalyst for the degradation of 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), a carcinogenic hydroxyla...
BackgroundLevodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). ... more BackgroundLevodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Unfortunately, prolonged use of LD leads to complications, mainly motor/non-motor fluctuations (MNMF) and dyskinesias (DYS). Women seem more prone to develop such LD-related complications. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of prospective studies examining gender-related predictors of MNMF and DYS. Among several factors, which concur with a very complex scenario, changes in LD pharmacokinetics influence the drug’s effectiveness. The present study aimed to assess gender-related differences in LD pharmacokinetics in patients with PD at their first-ever intake of LD.Materials and MethodsThis is a multicentric study enrolling patients with PD, who were LD-naïve and received a single dose of LD/benserazide (100/25 mg) formulation. All participants gave their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the local Ethics Committees. To measure plasma LD concentrations and pharmacokineti...
Cenobamate (CNB) is the newest antiseizure medication (ASM) approved by the FDA in 2019 to reduce... more Cenobamate (CNB) is the newest antiseizure medication (ASM) approved by the FDA in 2019 to reduce uncontrolled partial-onset seizures in adult patients. Marketed as Xcopri in the USA or Ontozry in the EU (tablets), its mechanism of action has not been fully understood yet; however, it is known that it inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and positively modulates the aminobutyric acid (GABA) ion channel. CNB shows 88% of oral bioavailability and is responsible for modifying the plasma concentrations of other co-administered ASMs, such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and the active metabolite of clobazam. It also interferes with CYP2B6 and CYP3A substrates. Nowadays, few methods are reported in the literature to quantify CNB in human plasma. The aim of this study was to develop and validate, according to the most recent guidelines, an analytical method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) to ev...
Exercise training (ET) is a natural activator of silent mating type information regulation 2 homo... more Exercise training (ET) is a natural activator of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a stress-sensor able to increase the endogenous antioxidant system. SIRT1 activators include polyphenols and vitamins, the antioxidant properties of which are well-known. Antioxidant supplements are used to improve athletic performance. However, they might blunt ET-related benefits. Middle-distance runners (MDR) taking (MDR-S) or not taking antioxidant supplements (MDR-NoS) were compared with each other and with sedentary subjects (CTR) to evaluate the ET effects on SIRT1 levels and oxidative stress, and to investigate whether an exogenous source of antioxidants could interfere with such effects. Thirty-two MDR and 14 CTR were enrolled. MDR-S took 240 mg vitamin C and 15 mg vitamin E together with mineral salts. SIRT1 mRNA and activity were measured in PBMCs. Total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were determined in plasma. MDR showed higher lev...
Background: Novosphingobium sp. strain PP1Y is a marine α-proteobacterium adapted to grow at the ... more Background: Novosphingobium sp. strain PP1Y is a marine α-proteobacterium adapted to grow at the water/fuel oil interface. It exploits the aromatic fraction of fuel oils as a carbon and energy source. PP1Y is able to grow on a wide range of mono-, poly- and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report the complete functional annotation of the whole Novosphingobium genome. Results: PP1Y genome analysis and its comparison with other Sphingomonadal genomes has yielded novel insights into the molecular basis of PP1Y’s phenotypic traits, such as its peculiar ability to encapsulate and degrade the aromatic fraction of fuel oils. In particular, we have identified and dissected several highly specialized metabolic pathways involved in: (i) aromatic hydrocarbon degradation; (ii) resistance to toxic compounds; and (iii) the quorum sensing mechanism. Conclusions: In summary, the unraveling of the entire PP1Y genome sequence has provided important insight into PP1Y metabolism and, most i...
The collection of papers is the result of the first year's results of the Project: METABOLIS... more The collection of papers is the result of the first year's results of the Project: METABOLISM AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS FOR THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC MOLECULES. Aim of the research project is to gain knowledge in microorganisms ...
Myelofibrosis (MF), a chronicmyeloproliferative disorder, is characterized by early bonemarrow (B... more Myelofibrosis (MF), a chronicmyeloproliferative disorder, is characterized by early bonemarrow (BM) hyperplasia and late-stage fibrosis and splenomegaly. More than 50% of patients carry a somatic mutation (V617F) in the gene encoding for the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), a tyrosine kinase involved in several signaling pathways [1,2], ultimately leading to uncontrolled proliferation and cell survival [3]. In 2011, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, has been approved for treatment of primary MF (PMF) [4,5]. This drug competitively inhibits the JAK2 ATP-binding catalytic site and decreases STAT5 activity, downregulates inflammatory signaling pathways, and reduces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation rate especially in those cells harboring the JAK2V617F mutation [3]. BM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could modify the BM niche composition, ameliorate fibrosis during various treatments [6], and might also modulate uptake, release, and metabolism of ruxolitinib. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the uptake rate of ruxolitinib by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) derived from MF patients and to study the effects of treated BM-MSCs and conditioned culture media on leukemic cell growth in order to add further information to ruxolitinib mechanism of action inMF. BM heparinized specimens were collected from five patients with PMF or postpolycythemia vera myelofibrosis (PV-MF) carrying the JAK2V617F mutation (Figure 1A) after informed consent obtained in accordance with protocols approved by the Ethic Committee of Our Institution (ASL Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, Italy; prot./SCCE n. 24988). Patients received a diagnosis of PMF or PV-MF according to the 2016 WHO criteria (BM histology of two representative patients in Figure 1B). A total of 5 × 104 BM mononuclear cells/cm2 was seeded in the presence of alpha-MEMwith L-glutamine supplemented with 10% FBS (Corning Inc., Corning, NY) and antibiotics (penicillin 100 U/mL, streptomycin 100 mg/mL, and amphotericin B 0.25 mg/mL; Biowest, Nuaillé, France). MSC colony growth was monitored for 14 days; then, colonies were detached by trypsinization (4.5 mL/Flask of 0.025% Tripsin/EDTA, for 7 min at +37◦C), and cells were seeded at 4000 cells/cm2. BM-MSCs were expanded up to the third passage and mesenchymal phenotype was confirmed according to the International Society of Cellular Therapy guidelines [7]. A total of 1 × 105 cells was stained with the following antibodies: CD90-FITC or HLA-DR-FITC;
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2019
The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and p... more The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and protective sports science in order to identify the best diagnostic strategy to improve performance and reduce risks related to physical exercise. In the present review we aim to define the main biochemical and haematological markers that vary significantly during and after sports training to identify risk factors, at competitive and professional levels and to highlight the set up of a specific parameter’s panel for elite athletes. Moreover, we also intend to consider additional biomarkers, still under investigation, which could further contribute to laboratory sports medicine and provide reliable data that can be used by athlete’s competent staff in order to establish personal attitudes and prevent sports injuries.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2018
HIGHLIGHTSNew biological monitoring protocol including eight biomarkers in two matrixes.LC–MS/MS ... more HIGHLIGHTSNew biological monitoring protocol including eight biomarkers in two matrixes.LC–MS/MS analyses allowed reaching very low LLOQ and LLOD for all the analytes.The method was successfully applied for worker samples analysis. ABSTRACT Exposure of healthcare workers to anticancer drugs requires the combined action of environmental and biological monitoring to assess the effective level of exposure to these chemicals, to improve awareness and to avoid adverse health effects on this category of workers. Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs show different mechanisms of action due to diverse chemical structures; consequently, they differ in hydrophobicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, the appearance, accumulation and elimination of each of these molecules in body fluids and tissues might be extremely variable; this prompts the need for a rapid and versatile analytical protocol for the biological monitoring of possible exposure of workers involved in the manipulation, administration and disposal of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper we describe the development, optimization and validation of a UHPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quasi‐quantitative analysis of eight widely used antineoplastic drugs, which can be used for the analysis of both urine and blood samples. This methodology was applied to the biological monitoring of healthcare workers exposed to different extents to antiblastic drugs at the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona” in Salerno (Italy), and allowed to identify two subjects exposed to irinotecan out of a total of fifteen workers analyzed.
Monocyclic phenols and catechols are important antioxidant compounds for the food and pharmaceuti... more Monocyclic phenols and catechols are important antioxidant compounds for the food and pharmaceutic industries; their production through biotransformation of low-added value starting compounds is of major biotechnological interest. The toluene o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from Pseudomonas sp. OX1 is a bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase (BMM) that is able to hydroxylate a wide array of aromatic compounds and has already proven to be a versatile biochemical tool to produce mono- and dihydroxylated derivatives of aromatic compounds. The molecular determinants of its regioselectivity and substrate specificity have been thoroughly investigated, and a computational strategy has been developed which allows designing mutants able to hydroxylate non-natural substrates of this enzyme to obtain high-added value compounds of commercial interest. In this work, we have investigated the use of recombinant ToMO, expressed in cells of Escherichia coli strain JM109, for the biotransformation of n...
Background: The safety of healthcare workers exposed to formaldehyde remains a great matter of co... more Background: The safety of healthcare workers exposed to formaldehyde remains a great matter of concern for healthcare management units. This work aimed at describing the results of a combined monitoring approach (environmental and biological) to manage occupational exposure to formaldehyde in a hospital setting.Design and Methods: Environmental monitoring of working spaces and biological monitoring of urinary formaldehyde in 16 exposed healthcare workers of the Anatomic Pathology Unit of a University Hospital in Southern Italy was performed on a four-year timescale (2016-2019).Results: Values of aero-dispersed formaldehyde identified were on average low; although workers' urinary formaldehyde levels were also minimal, the statistical analysis highlighted a slight weekly accumulation.Conclusions: Our data confirm that both environmental and biological monitoring are important to identify risk situations, in particular when values of hazardous compounds are below the accepted occu...
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Papers by Viviana Izzo