Characteristics of CY Beneficiaries and CY Non-Beneficiaries who delivered in participating CY fa... more Characteristics of CY Beneficiaries and CY Non-Beneficiaries who delivered in participating CY facilities and logistic multivariable regression for receiving the CY benefit (n=286). Column % presented. (DOC 64 kb)
Division of Pathology, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute... more Division of Pathology, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.)– 243122; Animal Resources Development Department, Pandit Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura – 799006; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana125004; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam GoAnusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura (U.P.) – 281001; Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Project Directorate on Cattle, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Grass farm Road, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh-250001; Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar Sardhar Patel institute of Economic and Social Research, Drive-in Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat; Institute of Science, Nirma University, SarkejGandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Corresponding author: sandipchakraborty53@yahoo.com
Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2018
Background: Annually, about 44,000 maternal deaths occur in India, which is 20% of the global bur... more Background: Annually, about 44,000 maternal deaths occur in India, which is 20% of the global burden. Despite persistent efforts, India failed to meet the fifth millennium development goal by 2015. Lack of reliable data on maternal mortality demands utilization of tools for counting maternal deaths which is vital to implement preventative actions. Objectives: Our study aims to determine health system-related issues of maternal mortality using the WHO validated tool – Maternal Death Review and demonstrates usefulness of maternal death surveillance and review as a monitoring tool. Methods: Fourteen maternal deaths were evaluated through community based and facility-based audits from July 2013 to June 2014 in three districts of Gujarat. Pathways to death were traced through Global Positioning System (GPS). Factors contributing to the three delays were analyzed. Results: Type III delay, that is, delay in receiving adequate care was frequently observed in our review including weak referr...
The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in ... more The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in serious damage on first exposure. This is primarily attributed to the exaggerated immune response (inflammatory disease), which may prove detrimental to the host, as evidenced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. From the experiences of Novel Coronavirus Disease‐19 to date, male patients are likely to suffer from high‐intensity inflammation and disease severity than the female population. Hormones are considered the significant pillars of sex differences responsible for the discrepancy in immune response exhibited by males and females. Females appear to be better equipped to counter invading respiratory viral pathogens, including the novel SARS‐CoV‐2, than males. It can be hypothesized that females are more shielded from disease severity, probably owing to the diverse action/influence of estrogen and other sex hormones on both cellular (thymus‐derived T lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (antibodies).
During pregnancy, circulatory cortisol levels increase, remaining steady over the second-third tr... more During pregnancy, circulatory cortisol levels increase, remaining steady over the second-third trimester. In contrast, profile of salivary cortisol during pregnancy is debatable, more influenced by factors like time of sample collection in the day. Circulatory DHEA-S decrease by at least 50% over the second-third trimester of pregnancy. However, profile of salivary DHEA-S is unclear. Objective was to determine changes in salivary cortisol and DHEA-S in healthy pregnant women, compared to non-pregnant women during late morning-early afternoon sampling to avoid fluctuations associated with other times. Pregnant women in their second-third trimester prospectively (n=500) and non-pregnant women (n=133) were enrolled in study with informed consent. Live birth outcome with no pregnancy complications and≥2.5 Kg infant birth weight were included. Concentrations of salivary cortisol and DHEA-S were determined through ELISA assays. Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women demonstrated s...
Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy associated pro-inflammatory disorder. The only know... more Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy associated pro-inflammatory disorder. The only known treatment is to deliver the placenta and fetus. PE is clinically identified by hypertension and proteinuria post-20th week of gestation. Early onset pre-eclampsia (EOPE), a severe form of PE is defined as when the clinical symptoms are observed before 34 weeks of gestation. There are no definite biomarkers available for early diagnosis of EOPE. Human dendritic cell (DC) subsets (CD1c+, CD141+ myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs) are intricately involved with the process of inflammation and are significantly altered (quantitatively and functionally) in several proinflammatory disorders. These changes offer value for monitoring DC subsets as potential biomarker(s) and as targets for immunotherapeutic treatment. DC subsets play a critical role in normal pregnancy by mediating efficient migration and invasion of trophoblasts and maintaining anti-inflammatory environment of immunotolerance. In...
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020
There is a need for a reliable and cost-effective molecular diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of... more There is a need for a reliable and cost-effective molecular diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of TORCH [Toxoplasma gondii, Other (Varicella-Zoster virus and Parvovirus B19), Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex virus] infections. This would enable early and precise detection of pathogens even in a very low copy number. However, the selection of genomic target, specimen matrix, and different PCR methods can significantly affect the sensitivity and specificity of TORCH molecular detection. This review aimed to provide a comparative analysis of clinical sample types, target nucleotide sequences, and PCR detection approaches for molecular detection of TORCH organisms. This review will aid in the development of a sensitive molecular assay for quick and precise detection of TORCH organisms.
Hepatitis B is the world's most common blood-borne viral infection, accounting for 2 billion ... more Hepatitis B is the world's most common blood-borne viral infection, accounting for 2 billion infections, 350 million carriers, and 6 lakh deaths annually. Country like India still harbors approximately 30-60 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. A modest estimate would put the number of deaths occurring due to HBV infection per year in India to around 100,000. To prevent transmission and progression of the disease, proper community awareness including prevention is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to study the knowledge awareness among the healthy population about hepatitis B including knowledge regarding vaccine. A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in two districts of Gujarat. Cluster sampling (30 clusters) was used, and pretested questionnaire was administered to 600 (with a prevalence rate of 5% in Gujarat having design effect of 2 within 95% confidence interval and 10% nonrespondent) healthy individuals, who heard about hepatitis B. Data handled a...
Objectives In low-income settings, neonatal mortality rates (NMR) are higher among socioeconomica... more Objectives In low-income settings, neonatal mortality rates (NMR) are higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Institutional deliveries have been shown to be protective against neonatal mortality. In Gujarat, India, the access of disadvantaged women to institutional deliveries has increased. However, the impact of increased institutional delivery on NMR has not been studied here. This paper examined if institutional childbirth is associated with lower NMR among disadvantaged women in Gujarat, India. Methods A community-based prospective cohort of pregnant women was followed in three districts in Gujarat, India (July 2013-November 2014). Two thousand nine hundred and nineteen live births to disadvantaged women (tribal or below poverty line) were included in the study. Data was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall NMR was 25 deaths per 1000 live births. Multivariable analysis showed that institutional childbirth was protective against neona...
As the proportion of deliveries in health institutions increases in low- and middle-income countr... more As the proportion of deliveries in health institutions increases in low- and middle-income countries, so do the challenges of maintaining standards of hygiene and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in mothers and babies. Adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and infection prevention and control (IPC) in these settings should be seen as integral parts of the broader domain of quality care. Assessment approaches are needed which capture standards for both WASH and IPC, and so inform quality improvement processes. A needs assessment was conducted in seven maternity units in Gujarat, India, and eight in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh in 2014. The WASH & CLEAN study developed and applied a suite of tools - a 'walkthrough checklist' which included the collection of swab samples, a facility needs assessment tool and document review, and qualitative interviews with staff and recently delivered women - to establish the state of hygiene as measured by visual clea...
Characteristics of CY Beneficiaries and CY Non-Beneficiaries who delivered in participating CY fa... more Characteristics of CY Beneficiaries and CY Non-Beneficiaries who delivered in participating CY facilities and logistic multivariable regression for receiving the CY benefit (n=286). Column % presented. (DOC 64 kb)
Division of Pathology, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute... more Division of Pathology, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.)– 243122; Animal Resources Development Department, Pandit Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura – 799006; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana125004; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam GoAnusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura (U.P.) – 281001; Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Project Directorate on Cattle, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Grass farm Road, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh-250001; Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar Sardhar Patel institute of Economic and Social Research, Drive-in Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat; Institute of Science, Nirma University, SarkejGandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Corresponding author: sandipchakraborty53@yahoo.com
Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2018
Background: Annually, about 44,000 maternal deaths occur in India, which is 20% of the global bur... more Background: Annually, about 44,000 maternal deaths occur in India, which is 20% of the global burden. Despite persistent efforts, India failed to meet the fifth millennium development goal by 2015. Lack of reliable data on maternal mortality demands utilization of tools for counting maternal deaths which is vital to implement preventative actions. Objectives: Our study aims to determine health system-related issues of maternal mortality using the WHO validated tool – Maternal Death Review and demonstrates usefulness of maternal death surveillance and review as a monitoring tool. Methods: Fourteen maternal deaths were evaluated through community based and facility-based audits from July 2013 to June 2014 in three districts of Gujarat. Pathways to death were traced through Global Positioning System (GPS). Factors contributing to the three delays were analyzed. Results: Type III delay, that is, delay in receiving adequate care was frequently observed in our review including weak referr...
The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in ... more The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in serious damage on first exposure. This is primarily attributed to the exaggerated immune response (inflammatory disease), which may prove detrimental to the host, as evidenced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. From the experiences of Novel Coronavirus Disease‐19 to date, male patients are likely to suffer from high‐intensity inflammation and disease severity than the female population. Hormones are considered the significant pillars of sex differences responsible for the discrepancy in immune response exhibited by males and females. Females appear to be better equipped to counter invading respiratory viral pathogens, including the novel SARS‐CoV‐2, than males. It can be hypothesized that females are more shielded from disease severity, probably owing to the diverse action/influence of estrogen and other sex hormones on both cellular (thymus‐derived T lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (antibodies).
During pregnancy, circulatory cortisol levels increase, remaining steady over the second-third tr... more During pregnancy, circulatory cortisol levels increase, remaining steady over the second-third trimester. In contrast, profile of salivary cortisol during pregnancy is debatable, more influenced by factors like time of sample collection in the day. Circulatory DHEA-S decrease by at least 50% over the second-third trimester of pregnancy. However, profile of salivary DHEA-S is unclear. Objective was to determine changes in salivary cortisol and DHEA-S in healthy pregnant women, compared to non-pregnant women during late morning-early afternoon sampling to avoid fluctuations associated with other times. Pregnant women in their second-third trimester prospectively (n=500) and non-pregnant women (n=133) were enrolled in study with informed consent. Live birth outcome with no pregnancy complications and≥2.5 Kg infant birth weight were included. Concentrations of salivary cortisol and DHEA-S were determined through ELISA assays. Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women demonstrated s...
Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy associated pro-inflammatory disorder. The only know... more Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy associated pro-inflammatory disorder. The only known treatment is to deliver the placenta and fetus. PE is clinically identified by hypertension and proteinuria post-20th week of gestation. Early onset pre-eclampsia (EOPE), a severe form of PE is defined as when the clinical symptoms are observed before 34 weeks of gestation. There are no definite biomarkers available for early diagnosis of EOPE. Human dendritic cell (DC) subsets (CD1c+, CD141+ myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs) are intricately involved with the process of inflammation and are significantly altered (quantitatively and functionally) in several proinflammatory disorders. These changes offer value for monitoring DC subsets as potential biomarker(s) and as targets for immunotherapeutic treatment. DC subsets play a critical role in normal pregnancy by mediating efficient migration and invasion of trophoblasts and maintaining anti-inflammatory environment of immunotolerance. In...
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020
There is a need for a reliable and cost-effective molecular diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of... more There is a need for a reliable and cost-effective molecular diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of TORCH [Toxoplasma gondii, Other (Varicella-Zoster virus and Parvovirus B19), Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex virus] infections. This would enable early and precise detection of pathogens even in a very low copy number. However, the selection of genomic target, specimen matrix, and different PCR methods can significantly affect the sensitivity and specificity of TORCH molecular detection. This review aimed to provide a comparative analysis of clinical sample types, target nucleotide sequences, and PCR detection approaches for molecular detection of TORCH organisms. This review will aid in the development of a sensitive molecular assay for quick and precise detection of TORCH organisms.
Hepatitis B is the world's most common blood-borne viral infection, accounting for 2 billion ... more Hepatitis B is the world's most common blood-borne viral infection, accounting for 2 billion infections, 350 million carriers, and 6 lakh deaths annually. Country like India still harbors approximately 30-60 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. A modest estimate would put the number of deaths occurring due to HBV infection per year in India to around 100,000. To prevent transmission and progression of the disease, proper community awareness including prevention is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to study the knowledge awareness among the healthy population about hepatitis B including knowledge regarding vaccine. A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in two districts of Gujarat. Cluster sampling (30 clusters) was used, and pretested questionnaire was administered to 600 (with a prevalence rate of 5% in Gujarat having design effect of 2 within 95% confidence interval and 10% nonrespondent) healthy individuals, who heard about hepatitis B. Data handled a...
Objectives In low-income settings, neonatal mortality rates (NMR) are higher among socioeconomica... more Objectives In low-income settings, neonatal mortality rates (NMR) are higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Institutional deliveries have been shown to be protective against neonatal mortality. In Gujarat, India, the access of disadvantaged women to institutional deliveries has increased. However, the impact of increased institutional delivery on NMR has not been studied here. This paper examined if institutional childbirth is associated with lower NMR among disadvantaged women in Gujarat, India. Methods A community-based prospective cohort of pregnant women was followed in three districts in Gujarat, India (July 2013-November 2014). Two thousand nine hundred and nineteen live births to disadvantaged women (tribal or below poverty line) were included in the study. Data was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall NMR was 25 deaths per 1000 live births. Multivariable analysis showed that institutional childbirth was protective against neona...
As the proportion of deliveries in health institutions increases in low- and middle-income countr... more As the proportion of deliveries in health institutions increases in low- and middle-income countries, so do the challenges of maintaining standards of hygiene and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in mothers and babies. Adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and infection prevention and control (IPC) in these settings should be seen as integral parts of the broader domain of quality care. Assessment approaches are needed which capture standards for both WASH and IPC, and so inform quality improvement processes. A needs assessment was conducted in seven maternity units in Gujarat, India, and eight in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh in 2014. The WASH & CLEAN study developed and applied a suite of tools - a 'walkthrough checklist' which included the collection of swab samples, a facility needs assessment tool and document review, and qualitative interviews with staff and recently delivered women - to establish the state of hygiene as measured by visual clea...
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