International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
The geochemistry of mine products and stream sediments from Kataeregi area in North-central Niger... more The geochemistry of mine products and stream sediments from Kataeregi area in North-central Nigeria was studied with the objective of environmental hazards assessment that is caused by artisanal gold mining activities through field work and laboratory analyses. The field work involves the observation of physical impact of mining on the environment and collection of representative samples along the streams, mined site and tailings within the location of study. The sediment samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The result obtained from laboratory analysis was compared with the ideal average crustal concentration of the elements in upper continental crust. Field observation revealed that mining activity has impacted on the environment with land destruction, loss of vegetation and erosion of soils. Geological field mapping show the area is underlain with Migmatite-Gneiss complex, Mica Schist, Granite and Sandstone lithologies. Results from geochemical analysis rev...
In pavement design, three important geotechnical properties – CBR, OMC, and MDD are often used to... more In pavement design, three important geotechnical properties – CBR, OMC, and MDD are often used to determine the strength of a subgrade layer. To determine these properties in the laboratory is time consuming, laborious, very costly and sometimes infrequently performed due to lack of equipment. The aim of this study is therefore to develop regression models to estimate the strength properties using relatively easier index properties. Thirty – four soil samples were collected from various locations along Bida – Minna highway between 0.6–1.5 m depths for index, consistency, compaction and CBR tests. Based on the laboratory results, the CBR significantly related with sand, % fines, LL, PL, PI, OMC and MDD parameters. Satisfactory empirical correlations (R2 > 0.59) were found between the three strength properties and other index properties of the experimented soils. Seven best predictive models were developed to estimate the strength properties based on multiple linear regression analysis.
The formation and expansion of gullies in Rafingora community, northern sector of the Bida Basin,... more The formation and expansion of gullies in Rafingora community, northern sector of the Bida Basin, Nigeria was investigated. This was aimed at determining the controlling factors for gully development in the area, using field gully parameter measurements, hydrogeological mapping and geotechnical investigation of soils from gully sites. U-shaped gullies were mapped with sliding, slumping and block fracturing as the main modes of gully propagation. Relief is gentle; slope angles range from 1.58° to 1.96°, indicating little or no influence of elevation on gully development. Gullies were found to be deeper than 3m, with drainage area of more than 30m. Depth to water in open wells ranges from 5.5m in the north-eastern part to about 16.4m in the south-western part. Gullies in the north-eastern side are mostly shallower than the water table, contrary to the situation in the south-western part. This shows a direct relationship between water table elevation and gully propagation and is furthe...
In some part of Bida metropolis, the amount of solid wastes generated is on the increase due to p... more In some part of Bida metropolis, the amount of solid wastes generated is on the increase due to population growth and due to the absence of modern engineered landfill. The wastes are dumped on the land surface without proper knowledge of the hydrochemistry, hydrology and geology of the dumpsites with regards to the movement of contaminants into the subsurface. The transport of contaminants from selected dumpsites into the groundwater body in Bida is the aim of this study and was undertaken by carrying out groundwater inventory studies for 130 hand dug wells identified in the area combined with sieve analysis of soil samples collected beneath the dumpsites.The groundwater inventory results revealed the average depth of wells in the area is approximately 11.0m signifying that wells in the area are shallow.The groundwater flow direction is predominantly towards the south-eastern part of the town.The flow pattern in the aquifer system therefore suggests that the eastern regions of the s...
Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 2021
Geotechnical tests were performed on granite and granite-gneiss rock samples of parts of Minna to... more Geotechnical tests were performed on granite and granite-gneiss rock samples of parts of Minna to know their suitability as construction aggregates. Eight rock samples were selected for porosity test, impact value, specific gravity and absorption capacity. The average porosity of the samples is 0.21, 0.12, 0.30, 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, 0.24 and 0.11 respectively for L1, L14, L15, L19, L21, L23, L25 and L29 which shows they are normal except L15 with a high porosity. Average impact value of the samples show they are suitable for wearing surface course in road and bridge construction, except samples L14 and L19 with average impact value of 32.8 and 34.9 respectively making them suitable only as bituminous macadam (maximum value = 35%). Sample L1 is not suitable as construction aggregates because it exceeds the maximum value specified for that purpose. The average specific gravity of the rocks are L1=2.68, L14=2.65, L15=2.65, L19=2.67, L21= 2.63, L23= 2.71, L25=2.65, and L29=2.69 respectivel...
Reconnaissance geochemical and geophysical exploration for gold was carried out at IRI Gold field... more Reconnaissance geochemical and geophysical exploration for gold was carried out at IRI Gold field. Geological mapping was conducted and rocks, soils and sediments samples were collected. The outcome revealed rocks of the basement complex of Nigeria made up of mainly, Migmatite Gneiss, Older Granite and the Schist. The major lithology in the area is silicified sheared rocks and large quartz vein. Isolated occurrence of undifferentiated schist was found as parent material on which quartzite intruded possibly during a major geological activity. Shattering of the rocks left boulders and rubbles of quartzite all around two major ridges within the study area. The rocks have shown weak geochemical anomaly except in two locations were positive anomalies were observed and identified as target for further exploration. Gold veins are prominent in the area suggesting potential gold mineralization. Interpretation of the aeromagnetic data give the orientations of the structural features, the majo...
Partition behaviors of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were studied in the alluvial sediments of River Gb... more Partition behaviors of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were studied in the alluvial sediments of River Gbako floodplains around Baddegi using empirical formulas. The samples were cored from three pits locations (TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3). Particle size distribution and geochemical analysis were performed. Particle size distribution results indicated that the sediments are sand dominated. They have more than 50% sand with smaller percentages of clay and silt. Average partition coefficient values of Fe in the sediments are 1.02, 0.83, and 0.88 for TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, respectively, and for Zn are 1.02, 0.95, and 0.83, for TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3, respectively. The average velocities of Fe mobilization in the sediments are 0.08 m/day, 0.07 m/day and 0.09 m/day for TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3, respectively, and for Zn mobilization are 0.07 m/day, 0.07 m/day and 0.09 m/day, for TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, respectively. The metals were preferentially partitioned in the sediments than the water percolating through the...
International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
The geochemistry of mine products and stream sediments from Kataeregi area in North-central Niger... more The geochemistry of mine products and stream sediments from Kataeregi area in North-central Nigeria was studied with the objective of environmental hazards assessment that is caused by artisanal gold mining activities through field work and laboratory analyses. The field work involves the observation of physical impact of mining on the environment and collection of representative samples along the streams, mined site and tailings within the location of study. The sediment samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The result obtained from laboratory analysis was compared with the ideal average crustal concentration of the elements in upper continental crust. Field observation revealed that mining activity has impacted on the environment with land destruction, loss of vegetation and erosion of soils. Geological field mapping show the area is underlain with Migmatite-Gneiss complex, Mica Schist, Granite and Sandstone lithologies. Results from geochemical analysis rev...
In pavement design, three important geotechnical properties – CBR, OMC, and MDD are often used to... more In pavement design, three important geotechnical properties – CBR, OMC, and MDD are often used to determine the strength of a subgrade layer. To determine these properties in the laboratory is time consuming, laborious, very costly and sometimes infrequently performed due to lack of equipment. The aim of this study is therefore to develop regression models to estimate the strength properties using relatively easier index properties. Thirty – four soil samples were collected from various locations along Bida – Minna highway between 0.6–1.5 m depths for index, consistency, compaction and CBR tests. Based on the laboratory results, the CBR significantly related with sand, % fines, LL, PL, PI, OMC and MDD parameters. Satisfactory empirical correlations (R2 > 0.59) were found between the three strength properties and other index properties of the experimented soils. Seven best predictive models were developed to estimate the strength properties based on multiple linear regression analysis.
The formation and expansion of gullies in Rafingora community, northern sector of the Bida Basin,... more The formation and expansion of gullies in Rafingora community, northern sector of the Bida Basin, Nigeria was investigated. This was aimed at determining the controlling factors for gully development in the area, using field gully parameter measurements, hydrogeological mapping and geotechnical investigation of soils from gully sites. U-shaped gullies were mapped with sliding, slumping and block fracturing as the main modes of gully propagation. Relief is gentle; slope angles range from 1.58° to 1.96°, indicating little or no influence of elevation on gully development. Gullies were found to be deeper than 3m, with drainage area of more than 30m. Depth to water in open wells ranges from 5.5m in the north-eastern part to about 16.4m in the south-western part. Gullies in the north-eastern side are mostly shallower than the water table, contrary to the situation in the south-western part. This shows a direct relationship between water table elevation and gully propagation and is furthe...
In some part of Bida metropolis, the amount of solid wastes generated is on the increase due to p... more In some part of Bida metropolis, the amount of solid wastes generated is on the increase due to population growth and due to the absence of modern engineered landfill. The wastes are dumped on the land surface without proper knowledge of the hydrochemistry, hydrology and geology of the dumpsites with regards to the movement of contaminants into the subsurface. The transport of contaminants from selected dumpsites into the groundwater body in Bida is the aim of this study and was undertaken by carrying out groundwater inventory studies for 130 hand dug wells identified in the area combined with sieve analysis of soil samples collected beneath the dumpsites.The groundwater inventory results revealed the average depth of wells in the area is approximately 11.0m signifying that wells in the area are shallow.The groundwater flow direction is predominantly towards the south-eastern part of the town.The flow pattern in the aquifer system therefore suggests that the eastern regions of the s...
Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 2021
Geotechnical tests were performed on granite and granite-gneiss rock samples of parts of Minna to... more Geotechnical tests were performed on granite and granite-gneiss rock samples of parts of Minna to know their suitability as construction aggregates. Eight rock samples were selected for porosity test, impact value, specific gravity and absorption capacity. The average porosity of the samples is 0.21, 0.12, 0.30, 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, 0.24 and 0.11 respectively for L1, L14, L15, L19, L21, L23, L25 and L29 which shows they are normal except L15 with a high porosity. Average impact value of the samples show they are suitable for wearing surface course in road and bridge construction, except samples L14 and L19 with average impact value of 32.8 and 34.9 respectively making them suitable only as bituminous macadam (maximum value = 35%). Sample L1 is not suitable as construction aggregates because it exceeds the maximum value specified for that purpose. The average specific gravity of the rocks are L1=2.68, L14=2.65, L15=2.65, L19=2.67, L21= 2.63, L23= 2.71, L25=2.65, and L29=2.69 respectivel...
Reconnaissance geochemical and geophysical exploration for gold was carried out at IRI Gold field... more Reconnaissance geochemical and geophysical exploration for gold was carried out at IRI Gold field. Geological mapping was conducted and rocks, soils and sediments samples were collected. The outcome revealed rocks of the basement complex of Nigeria made up of mainly, Migmatite Gneiss, Older Granite and the Schist. The major lithology in the area is silicified sheared rocks and large quartz vein. Isolated occurrence of undifferentiated schist was found as parent material on which quartzite intruded possibly during a major geological activity. Shattering of the rocks left boulders and rubbles of quartzite all around two major ridges within the study area. The rocks have shown weak geochemical anomaly except in two locations were positive anomalies were observed and identified as target for further exploration. Gold veins are prominent in the area suggesting potential gold mineralization. Interpretation of the aeromagnetic data give the orientations of the structural features, the majo...
Partition behaviors of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were studied in the alluvial sediments of River Gb... more Partition behaviors of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were studied in the alluvial sediments of River Gbako floodplains around Baddegi using empirical formulas. The samples were cored from three pits locations (TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3). Particle size distribution and geochemical analysis were performed. Particle size distribution results indicated that the sediments are sand dominated. They have more than 50% sand with smaller percentages of clay and silt. Average partition coefficient values of Fe in the sediments are 1.02, 0.83, and 0.88 for TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, respectively, and for Zn are 1.02, 0.95, and 0.83, for TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3, respectively. The average velocities of Fe mobilization in the sediments are 0.08 m/day, 0.07 m/day and 0.09 m/day for TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3, respectively, and for Zn mobilization are 0.07 m/day, 0.07 m/day and 0.09 m/day, for TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, respectively. The metals were preferentially partitioned in the sediments than the water percolating through the...
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