A simple high area TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used to support P2... more A simple high area TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used to support P25 TiO2 on glass surfaces leading to an ease and cheap way to promote adhesion without refined pre-treatment steps. Photocatalytic performance and stability of the immobilized TiO2 was evaluated in laboratorial and pilot scales, under artificial and solar lights. Degradation rates of 80% and 45% were obtained for salicylic acid (16 mg L-1) and 17β-estradiol (E2, 1.0 mg L-1), respectively, after 4 h using a lab-made annular reactor. Solar batch experiments show a degradation rate of 85% for E2 (10 µg L-1) after 90 min. Photodegradation of trimethoprim (TMP, 500 µg L-1) and levofloxacin (LEVO, 1.0 mg L-1) using a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) solar reactor revealed removal rates of 50% (once-through experiment) and 95% (batch experiment), respectively. CPC experiments show that the coated composite presents high physical stability after innumerous cycles (more than 2000) under vigor...
In this work we developed a promising analytical method combining Fourier transform nearinfrared ... more In this work we developed a promising analytical method combining Fourier transform nearinfrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic technique and first-order multivariate calibration using partial least-squares (PLS) model to simultaneously quantify the main greenhouse gases (GHG’s): methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and water vapor (H2O). The models were built using 70 mixtures with different concentration of these gases, 0.25-32.0 ppm to CH4 and N2O, and 50-1100 ppm to CO2 and different values of relative humidity (52-85%, 20 ºC) in synthetic air. After preparing each of the mixtures, they were analyzed by using FT-NIR and a reference analytical technique based on gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). The FT-NIR spectrometer was coupled with a long optical path cell, with 105.6 meters of optical path. In sequence, the spectra of all mixtures and its concentration values for each gas were used to build the multivariate calibration models, using PL...
Page 1. Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using Solar Light and Semiconductor (Ti02) Raquel F. P... more Page 1. Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using Solar Light and Semiconductor (Ti02) Raquel F. P. Nogueira and Wilson F. ~ardim' lnstituto de Quimica-UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 61 54, 13 081-Campinas-Sao Pauio, Brazil ...
Page 1. Quim. Nova, Vol. 29, No. 4, 689-694, 2006 Artigo *e-mail: gilberto@md.cefetpr.br UM NOVO ... more Page 1. Quim. Nova, Vol. 29, No. 4, 689-694, 2006 Artigo *e-mail: gilberto@md.cefetpr.br UM NOVO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS PARA PROTEÇÃO DA VIDA AQUÁTICA APLICADO AO RIO ATIBAIA, REGIÃO DE CAMPINAS/PAULÍNIA SP ...
A sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the determination of estrogen and... more A sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the determination of estrogen and xenoestrogen in surface waters using liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation was performed using ammonium hydroxide solutions in water and in methanol as mobile phase. Compounds were determined in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface operating in
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2017
The occurrence of illicit drugs in natural waters (surface, source and drinking water) is of inte... more The occurrence of illicit drugs in natural waters (surface, source and drinking water) is of interest due to the poor sanitation coverage and the high consumption of drugs of abuse in Brazil. In addition, little is known about the effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms and human health. This work investigates the occurrence of cocaine (COC) and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), in surface and drinking water collected in rivers from a populated geographic area in Brazil. Surface water samples were collected in 22 locations from 16 different rivers and one dam from São Paulo State, whereas drinking water samples were collected in 5 locations. Samples were collected during the dry and wet season. Among the 34 surface water samples analyzed, BE was detected above the LOD in 94%, while COC in 85%. BE concentrations ranged from 10ngL(-1) to 1019ngL(-1) and COC concentrations from 6ngL(-1) to 62ngL(-1). In the drinking water samples analyzed, BE and COC were found in 100...
This is the first nationwide survey of emerging contaminants in Brazilian waters. One hundred dri... more This is the first nationwide survey of emerging contaminants in Brazilian waters. One hundred drinking water samples were investigated in 22 Brazilian state capitals. In addition, seven source water samples from two of the most populous regions of the country were evaluated. Samples were collected from June to September of 2011 and again during the same period in 2012. The study covered emerging contaminants of different classes, including hormones, plasticizers, herbicides, triclosan and caffeine. The analytical method for the determination of the compounds was based on solid-phase extraction followed by analysis via liquid chromatography electrospray triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeine, triclosan, atrazine, phenolphthalein and bisphenol A were found in at least one of the samples collected in the two sampling campaigns. Caffeine and atrazine were the most frequently detected substances in both drinking and source water. Caffeine concentrations in drinking water ranged from 1.8ngL(-1) to values above 2.0μgL(-1) while source-water concentrations varied from 40ngL(-1) to about 19μgL(-1). For atrazine, concentrations were found in the range from 2.0 to 6.0ngL(-1) in drinking water and at concentrations of up to 15ngL(-1) in source water. The widespread presence of caffeine in samples of treated water is an indication of the presence of domestic sewage in the source water, considering that caffeine is a compound of anthropogenic origin.
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are ubiquitous in natural waters even in places where the human ac... more Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are ubiquitous in natural waters even in places where the human activity is limited. The presence of OMPs in natural water sources for human consumption encourages the evaluation of different water purification technologies to ensure water quality. In this study, the Biobío river (Chile) was selected since the watershed includes urban settlements and economic activities (i.e. agriculture, forestry) that incorporate a variety of OMPs into the aquatic environment, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Atrazine (herbicide), caffeine (psychotropic), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) and triclosan (antimicrobial) in Biobío river water and in different stages of a drinking and two wastewater treatment plants downstream Biobío river were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and electrospray ionization (ESI). Quantification of these four compounds showed concentrations in the range of 8 ± 2 to 55 ± 10 ng L(-1) in Biobío river water, 11 ± 2 to 74 ± 21 ng L(-1) in the drinking water treatment plant, and 60 ± 10 to 15,000 ± 1300 ng L(-1) in the wastewater treatment plants. Caffeine was used as an indicator of wastewater discharges. Because conventional water treatment technologies are not designed to eliminate some emerging organic pollutants, alternative treatment processes, UV and UV/H2O2, were employed. The transformation of atrazine, carbamazepine (antiepileptic), diclofenac and triclosan was investigated at laboratory scale. Both processes were tested at different UV doses and the Biobío river water matrix effects were evaluated. Initial H2O2 concentration used was 10 mg L(-1). Results showed that, the transformation profile obtained using UV/H2O2 at UV doses up to 900 mJ cm(-2), followed the trend of diclofenac > triclosan > atrazine > carbamazepine. Furthermore acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna were carried out after UV/H2O2 treatments of the OMPs mixture studied. At the lower UV doses tested (300 mJ cm(-2)) a higher toxicity was observed, suggesting the formation of toxic intermediates in the course of the reaction. As expected, at higher UV doses the toxicity declined. Considering the treatment of the mixture of ATZ, CBZ, DCL and TCS with a UV dose of 1200 mJ cm(-2) and 10 mg L(-1) of H2O2 the acute toxicity results exhibits values for Daphnia magna immobilization equal to 20 and 42% evaluated after 24 and 48 h, respectively.
A simple high area TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used to support P2... more A simple high area TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used to support P25 TiO2 on glass surfaces leading to an ease and cheap way to promote adhesion without refined pre-treatment steps. Photocatalytic performance and stability of the immobilized TiO2 was evaluated in laboratorial and pilot scales, under artificial and solar lights. Degradation rates of 80% and 45% were obtained for salicylic acid (16 mg L-1) and 17β-estradiol (E2, 1.0 mg L-1), respectively, after 4 h using a lab-made annular reactor. Solar batch experiments show a degradation rate of 85% for E2 (10 µg L-1) after 90 min. Photodegradation of trimethoprim (TMP, 500 µg L-1) and levofloxacin (LEVO, 1.0 mg L-1) using a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) solar reactor revealed removal rates of 50% (once-through experiment) and 95% (batch experiment), respectively. CPC experiments show that the coated composite presents high physical stability after innumerous cycles (more than 2000) under vigor...
In this work we developed a promising analytical method combining Fourier transform nearinfrared ... more In this work we developed a promising analytical method combining Fourier transform nearinfrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic technique and first-order multivariate calibration using partial least-squares (PLS) model to simultaneously quantify the main greenhouse gases (GHG’s): methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and water vapor (H2O). The models were built using 70 mixtures with different concentration of these gases, 0.25-32.0 ppm to CH4 and N2O, and 50-1100 ppm to CO2 and different values of relative humidity (52-85%, 20 ºC) in synthetic air. After preparing each of the mixtures, they were analyzed by using FT-NIR and a reference analytical technique based on gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). The FT-NIR spectrometer was coupled with a long optical path cell, with 105.6 meters of optical path. In sequence, the spectra of all mixtures and its concentration values for each gas were used to build the multivariate calibration models, using PL...
Page 1. Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using Solar Light and Semiconductor (Ti02) Raquel F. P... more Page 1. Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using Solar Light and Semiconductor (Ti02) Raquel F. P. Nogueira and Wilson F. ~ardim' lnstituto de Quimica-UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 61 54, 13 081-Campinas-Sao Pauio, Brazil ...
Page 1. Quim. Nova, Vol. 29, No. 4, 689-694, 2006 Artigo *e-mail: gilberto@md.cefetpr.br UM NOVO ... more Page 1. Quim. Nova, Vol. 29, No. 4, 689-694, 2006 Artigo *e-mail: gilberto@md.cefetpr.br UM NOVO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS PARA PROTEÇÃO DA VIDA AQUÁTICA APLICADO AO RIO ATIBAIA, REGIÃO DE CAMPINAS/PAULÍNIA SP ...
A sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the determination of estrogen and... more A sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the determination of estrogen and xenoestrogen in surface waters using liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation was performed using ammonium hydroxide solutions in water and in methanol as mobile phase. Compounds were determined in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface operating in
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2017
The occurrence of illicit drugs in natural waters (surface, source and drinking water) is of inte... more The occurrence of illicit drugs in natural waters (surface, source and drinking water) is of interest due to the poor sanitation coverage and the high consumption of drugs of abuse in Brazil. In addition, little is known about the effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms and human health. This work investigates the occurrence of cocaine (COC) and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), in surface and drinking water collected in rivers from a populated geographic area in Brazil. Surface water samples were collected in 22 locations from 16 different rivers and one dam from São Paulo State, whereas drinking water samples were collected in 5 locations. Samples were collected during the dry and wet season. Among the 34 surface water samples analyzed, BE was detected above the LOD in 94%, while COC in 85%. BE concentrations ranged from 10ngL(-1) to 1019ngL(-1) and COC concentrations from 6ngL(-1) to 62ngL(-1). In the drinking water samples analyzed, BE and COC were found in 100...
This is the first nationwide survey of emerging contaminants in Brazilian waters. One hundred dri... more This is the first nationwide survey of emerging contaminants in Brazilian waters. One hundred drinking water samples were investigated in 22 Brazilian state capitals. In addition, seven source water samples from two of the most populous regions of the country were evaluated. Samples were collected from June to September of 2011 and again during the same period in 2012. The study covered emerging contaminants of different classes, including hormones, plasticizers, herbicides, triclosan and caffeine. The analytical method for the determination of the compounds was based on solid-phase extraction followed by analysis via liquid chromatography electrospray triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeine, triclosan, atrazine, phenolphthalein and bisphenol A were found in at least one of the samples collected in the two sampling campaigns. Caffeine and atrazine were the most frequently detected substances in both drinking and source water. Caffeine concentrations in drinking water ranged from 1.8ngL(-1) to values above 2.0μgL(-1) while source-water concentrations varied from 40ngL(-1) to about 19μgL(-1). For atrazine, concentrations were found in the range from 2.0 to 6.0ngL(-1) in drinking water and at concentrations of up to 15ngL(-1) in source water. The widespread presence of caffeine in samples of treated water is an indication of the presence of domestic sewage in the source water, considering that caffeine is a compound of anthropogenic origin.
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are ubiquitous in natural waters even in places where the human ac... more Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are ubiquitous in natural waters even in places where the human activity is limited. The presence of OMPs in natural water sources for human consumption encourages the evaluation of different water purification technologies to ensure water quality. In this study, the Biobío river (Chile) was selected since the watershed includes urban settlements and economic activities (i.e. agriculture, forestry) that incorporate a variety of OMPs into the aquatic environment, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Atrazine (herbicide), caffeine (psychotropic), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) and triclosan (antimicrobial) in Biobío river water and in different stages of a drinking and two wastewater treatment plants downstream Biobío river were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and electrospray ionization (ESI). Quantification of these four compounds showed concentrations in the range of 8 ± 2 to 55 ± 10 ng L(-1) in Biobío river water, 11 ± 2 to 74 ± 21 ng L(-1) in the drinking water treatment plant, and 60 ± 10 to 15,000 ± 1300 ng L(-1) in the wastewater treatment plants. Caffeine was used as an indicator of wastewater discharges. Because conventional water treatment technologies are not designed to eliminate some emerging organic pollutants, alternative treatment processes, UV and UV/H2O2, were employed. The transformation of atrazine, carbamazepine (antiepileptic), diclofenac and triclosan was investigated at laboratory scale. Both processes were tested at different UV doses and the Biobío river water matrix effects were evaluated. Initial H2O2 concentration used was 10 mg L(-1). Results showed that, the transformation profile obtained using UV/H2O2 at UV doses up to 900 mJ cm(-2), followed the trend of diclofenac > triclosan > atrazine > carbamazepine. Furthermore acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna were carried out after UV/H2O2 treatments of the OMPs mixture studied. At the lower UV doses tested (300 mJ cm(-2)) a higher toxicity was observed, suggesting the formation of toxic intermediates in the course of the reaction. As expected, at higher UV doses the toxicity declined. Considering the treatment of the mixture of ATZ, CBZ, DCL and TCS with a UV dose of 1200 mJ cm(-2) and 10 mg L(-1) of H2O2 the acute toxicity results exhibits values for Daphnia magna immobilization equal to 20 and 42% evaluated after 24 and 48 h, respectively.
Uploads